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Civil service

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Does democratization lead to more meritocracy in the civil service? The Element argues that electoral accountability increases the value of competence over personal loyalty in the civil service. While this resembles an application of merit principles, it does not automatically reduce patronage politics or improve public goods provision. Competent civil servants are often used to facilitate the distribution of clientelistic goods at mass scale to win competitive elections. The selection of competent but less loyal civil servants requires the increased use of control mechanisms, like the timing of promotions, to ensure their compliance. The Element tests these claims using novel micro-level data on promotions in Indonesia's civil service before and after democratization in 1999. The Element shows that national- and local-level elections led to increased promotion premiums for educated civil servants, and simultaneously generated electoral cycles in the timing of promotions, but did little to improve public goods provision.

Political Science --- Civil service --- Elections

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Brazil's pension system takes up an oversized proportion of its social protection spending. It comprises of Regime Geral de Previdéncia Social (RGPS), covering private sector workers, and over two thousand Regimes Pröprios de Previdéncia Social (RPPS), insuring public civil servants at federal and subnational levels. While the total membership of RPPS only stands at about 10 percent of RGPS coverage, its spending amounts to almost half of RGPS pension outlays. This paper attempts to present an integrated view of RPPS pension schemes, their influence on subnational budgets, and their interaction with human resource policies. After a brief introduction, Chapter 3 starts by documenting the history of civil service and its associated pension schemes, looking for explanations on how subnational RPPS became so big, dispersed, and difficult to reform. The fiscal consequences of subnational civil service pension scheme expansion and maturation, including RPPS role in the fiscal challenges and policies of the last few years, are discussed in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 attempts to expose important interlinkages between pension and human resource policies and argues for the need of integrated policy approach. Chapter 6 describes the history of previous RPPS reform attempts, while Chapter 7 focuses on the effects of federal pension reform of 2019 on subnational civil servant pension schemes. The paper ends with lessons and policy recommendations for the future.

Local government. --- Civil service --- Pensions.

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La notion de service public a acquis une place singulière en devenant, au xxe siècle, emblématique du modèle français de l’État : ligne de démarcation entre le public et le privé, elle est l’incar­nation d’un État préposé à la satisfaction des besoins collectifs. Les services publics jouent un rôle structurel et structurant dans la société française : ossature de la vie collective autant que garants de l’accès de tous à certains bien essentiels, ils ont été conçus comme un instrument privilégié d’intégration et de cohésion sociale. Cette conception a été ébranlée au cours des dernières décennies par la dérégulation néolibérale. Mais si la réduction du périmètre des services publics s’est accompagnée d’une banalisation de leur statut au nom d’un impératif d’efficacité, le service public n’en est pas devenu pour autant une notion vide de sens. Dans cet ouvrage, Jacques Chevallier entend décrypter les différentes significations de la conception française du service public et analyser sa dynamique actuelle.

Administrative law  --- Public administration --- Civil service

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Diversity in the workplace --- Civil service