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Blood-brain barrier. --- Blood-cerebral barrier --- Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- Brain-blood barrier --- Hemato-encephalic barrier --- Hematoencephalic barrier --- Brain --- Cerebrospinal fluid --- Choroid plexus --- Blood-vessels

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High-quality primary data publications and review articles have been selected for publication in this Special Issue. They, collectively, draw a comprehensive picture of some of the most relevant questions linking (healthy) nutrition to brain development and brain disorders.

Medicine --- Neurosciences --- cocaine self-administration --- high-fat diet --- high-sugar diet --- maternal diet --- pregnancy and lactation --- melanocortin-4 receptor --- offspring brain --- rat offspring --- maternal nutrition --- protein restriction --- fetal brain --- hypothalamus --- differentiation --- neurogenesis --- transcriptomics --- epitranscriptomics --- mitochondria --- PKU --- cognitive outcomes --- cross-cultural --- cross-countries --- Phe associations --- spearmint --- rosmarinic acid --- polyphenol --- amyloid fibril --- amyloid beta --- alpha-synuclein --- Tau --- dementia --- human milk oligosaccharides --- cognition --- brain development --- animal behaviour --- fucosyllactose --- sialyllactose --- long term potentiation --- gut–brain–axis --- gut microbiome --- short-chain fatty acids --- bacterial metabolites --- SCFA --- manganese --- blood–brain barrier --- blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- choroid plexus --- ketogenic supplement --- ketosis --- aging --- lifespan --- neurodegenerative disease --- learning --- memory --- early childhood --- nutrition --- Mediterranean diet --- body mass index --- cognitive development --- multi-omics --- microvascular --- brain --- high glycemic diet --- soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor --- maless --- depression --- affective disorder --- gut-brain-axis --- bacteria --- probiotics --- therapy --- treatment --- n/a --- blood-brain barrier --- blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

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High-quality primary data publications and review articles have been selected for publication in this Special Issue. They, collectively, draw a comprehensive picture of some of the most relevant questions linking (healthy) nutrition to brain development and brain disorders.

Medicine --- Neurosciences --- cocaine self-administration --- high-fat diet --- high-sugar diet --- maternal diet --- pregnancy and lactation --- melanocortin-4 receptor --- offspring brain --- rat offspring --- maternal nutrition --- protein restriction --- fetal brain --- hypothalamus --- differentiation --- neurogenesis --- transcriptomics --- epitranscriptomics --- mitochondria --- PKU --- cognitive outcomes --- cross-cultural --- cross-countries --- Phe associations --- spearmint --- rosmarinic acid --- polyphenol --- amyloid fibril --- amyloid beta --- alpha-synuclein --- Tau --- dementia --- human milk oligosaccharides --- cognition --- brain development --- animal behaviour --- fucosyllactose --- sialyllactose --- long term potentiation --- gut-brain-axis --- gut microbiome --- short-chain fatty acids --- bacterial metabolites --- SCFA --- manganese --- blood-brain barrier --- blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- choroid plexus --- ketogenic supplement --- ketosis --- aging --- lifespan --- neurodegenerative disease --- learning --- memory --- early childhood --- nutrition --- Mediterranean diet --- body mass index --- cognitive development --- multi-omics --- microvascular --- brain --- high glycemic diet --- soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor --- maless --- depression --- affective disorder --- gut-brain-axis --- bacteria --- probiotics --- therapy --- treatment --- cocaine self-administration --- high-fat diet --- high-sugar diet --- maternal diet --- pregnancy and lactation --- melanocortin-4 receptor --- offspring brain --- rat offspring --- maternal nutrition --- protein restriction --- fetal brain --- hypothalamus --- differentiation --- neurogenesis --- transcriptomics --- epitranscriptomics --- mitochondria --- PKU --- cognitive outcomes --- cross-cultural --- cross-countries --- Phe associations --- spearmint --- rosmarinic acid --- polyphenol --- amyloid fibril --- amyloid beta --- alpha-synuclein --- Tau --- dementia --- human milk oligosaccharides --- cognition --- brain development --- animal behaviour --- fucosyllactose --- sialyllactose --- long term potentiation --- gut-brain-axis --- gut microbiome --- short-chain fatty acids --- bacterial metabolites --- SCFA --- manganese --- blood-brain barrier --- blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- choroid plexus --- ketogenic supplement --- ketosis --- aging --- lifespan --- neurodegenerative disease --- learning --- memory --- early childhood --- nutrition --- Mediterranean diet --- body mass index --- cognitive development --- multi-omics --- microvascular --- brain --- high glycemic diet --- soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor --- maless --- depression --- affective disorder --- gut-brain-axis --- bacteria --- probiotics --- therapy --- treatment

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Brain diseases currently affect one in six people worldwide; they include a wide range of neurological diseases, from Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases to epilepsy, brain injuries, brain cancer, neuroinfections, and strokes. The treatment of these diseases is complex and limited due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which covers the entirety of the brain. The BBB not only has the function of protecting the brain from harmful substances; it is also a metabolic barrier and a transport regulator of nutrients/serum factors/neurotoxins. Knowing these characteristics when it comes to the treatment of brain diseases makes it easier to understand the lack of efficacy of therapeutic drugs, resulting from the innate resistance of the BBB to permeation. To overcome this limitation, drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology/microtechnology have been developed. Brain-targeted drug delivery enables targeted therapy with a higher therapeutic efficacy and fewer side effects because it targets moieties present in the drug delivery systems.

Technology: general issues --- drug delivery into the brain --- transendothelium based on receptor-mediated transcytosis --- immunotherapy --- Alzheimer’s disease --- anti-tau and anti-receptor bispecific monoclonal antibodies --- Alzheimer’s disease-relevant tau species --- temporal-spatial pathological Aβ and tau distribution --- interactions between Aβ and tau --- tau clearance in microglia --- tau clearance in neurons --- liposome --- nanoparticle --- seizure --- laser --- ultrasound --- naringenin --- nanostructured lipid carrier --- intranasal delivery --- central composite rotatable design --- depression --- pomegranate seed oil --- nasal delivery system --- memory impairment --- movement impairment --- delivery to brain --- improved memory --- phospholipid oily gel --- high-grade glioma --- diffuse midline glioma --- glioblastoma --- IL-13Rα2 --- IL-13 --- immunotoxin --- targeted therapy --- GB-13 --- IL13.E13K-PE4E --- receptor expression --- acetaminophen --- blood–brain barrier --- claudin-5 --- CNS drug delivery --- opioids --- tight junction --- microdialysis --- cerebral open flow microperfusion --- electrochemical biosensors --- macromolecules --- tolcapone --- microparticles --- nanoparticles --- PLGA --- Parkinson’s disease --- nose to brain delivery --- gene therapy --- polyplexes --- hyaluronidase --- glycol chitosan --- brain cancer --- chemoattractant --- CXCL --- CXCR --- glioblastoma multiforme --- 3D cell culture systems --- non-human primate --- convection-enhanced delivery --- neurosurgery --- optogenetics --- blood-brain barrier --- brain targeted therapy --- drug delivery --- cerebrospinal fluid microcirculation --- brain biodistribution --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease --- Alzheimer's disease-relevant tau species --- Parkinson's disease