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Breast cancer has become the most diagnosed cancer globally, surpassing lung and prostate cancers. In 2020, 2.3 million females were diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide. The incidence and related mortality from breast cancer continue to grow despite remarkable advances in our understanding of the biology of breast cancer and the availability of better therapeutic options. Therapies currently used to treat metastatic breast cancer extend the survival and quality of life of patients, but they are not curative. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in metastatic dissemination is of pivotal importance. This book provides a unique blend of carefully presented and structured information covering a broad array of relevant breast cancer-related issues. The first eight chapters cover breast cancer epidemiology, etiology, subtypes, current and emerging surgical innovations to treat and image breast cancer, a description of noninvasive lymphedema assessment methods to detect and track this important treatment complication, and the potential role of platelets and galectins in breast cancer metastasis. The last five chapters are devoted to the description of forward-looking albeit potential breast cancer treatment possibilities. In this regard, different chapters of the book describe novel research on the potential of ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP-18), ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (RPS6K1), the lysosomal system, nanoparticles, and proteolysis target chimeras as therapeutic agents for breast cancer. The range of clinical and translational research of breast cancer presented in this book will be of interest to healthcare professionals, clinicians, and basic scientists.

MJCL --- breast cancer --- Breast Neoplasms.

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Breast cancer is acknowledged as an international priority in healthcare. It is currently the most common cancer in women worldwide, with demographic trends indicating a continuous increase in incidence. Over the years, increasing efforts and resources have been devoted to the search for a systematic and optimized strategy in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Today, the Breast Unit model is considered the gold standard in order to ensure optimal patient-centered and research-based clinical services through multidisciplinary and integrated management.Surgical treatment has gradually evolved toward less aggressive approaches with the adoption of new therapeutic strategies. The evolution of evidence-based guidelines in such leading disciplines as radiation and medical oncology has led to a steady improvement in survival rates. This Special Issue will highlight innovations in the integrated management of breast cancer, their potential advantages, and the many open issues that still need to be properly defined and addressed.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- metastatic breast cancer --- breast surgery --- immune system --- metabolic derangements --- precision medicine --- integrated therapies --- advanced breast cancer --- mTOR inhibitor --- CDK4/6 inhibitor --- endocrine resistance --- breast cancer --- pregnancy --- chemotherapy --- tailoring --- personalization --- DataMart --- real world data --- predictive model --- healthcare --- breast-conserving surgery --- non-palpable breast lesions --- image-guided localization --- preoperative breast localization --- breast ultrasound --- large database --- standardized data collection --- networks --- nipple-sparing mastectomy --- immediate breast reconstruction --- acellular dermal matrix (ADM) --- aesthetic and oncological outcomes --- quality of life --- rare breast cancer --- osteoclast-like giant cells --- gene profiling --- Oncotype Dx --- adjuvant treatment --- neoadjuvant chemotherapy --- sentinel lymph node --- systemic treatment --- locally advanced breast cancer --- mini-invasive treatment --- liver metastases --- hepatic surgery --- personalized medicine --- sarcopenia --- physical performance --- frailty --- older cancer patients --- clinical trial --- patient enrollment --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- lung cancer --- oncology --- web app --- conventional CT and CT angiography --- DIEP flap planning --- multidisciplinary treatment --- evidence-based medicine --- personalized treatment --- oncological outcomes --- patient quality of life --- normal breast --- breast pathology --- hormone receptor --- hormone expression --- lymphedema --- lymphaticovenous anastomosis --- vascularized lymph node transfer --- lymphatic microsurgery --- radiotherapy --- oligometastatic breast cancer --- locoregional therapy --- CDK4/6 inhibitors --- multidisciplinary --- AMH --- ovarian reserve --- pregnancy desire --- subtypes breast cancer --- miRNAs --- breast cancer treatment --- next-generation-sequencing --- target therapy --- old age --- survival --- vitamin D --- ductal breast cancer --- in situ breast cancer --- lobular breast cancer --- histology --- metastatic breast cancer --- breast surgery --- immune system --- metabolic derangements --- precision medicine --- integrated therapies --- advanced breast cancer --- mTOR inhibitor --- CDK4/6 inhibitor --- endocrine resistance --- breast cancer --- pregnancy --- chemotherapy --- tailoring --- personalization --- DataMart --- real world data --- predictive model --- healthcare --- breast-conserving surgery --- non-palpable breast lesions --- image-guided localization --- preoperative breast localization --- breast ultrasound --- large database --- standardized data collection --- networks --- nipple-sparing mastectomy --- immediate breast reconstruction --- acellular dermal matrix (ADM) --- aesthetic and oncological outcomes --- quality of life --- rare breast cancer --- osteoclast-like giant cells --- gene profiling --- Oncotype Dx --- adjuvant treatment --- neoadjuvant chemotherapy --- sentinel lymph node --- systemic treatment --- locally advanced breast cancer --- mini-invasive treatment --- liver metastases --- hepatic surgery --- personalized medicine --- sarcopenia --- physical performance --- frailty --- older cancer patients --- clinical trial --- patient enrollment --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- lung cancer --- oncology --- web app --- conventional CT and CT angiography --- DIEP flap planning --- multidisciplinary treatment --- evidence-based medicine --- personalized treatment --- oncological outcomes --- patient quality of life --- normal breast --- breast pathology --- hormone receptor --- hormone expression --- lymphedema --- lymphaticovenous anastomosis --- vascularized lymph node transfer --- lymphatic microsurgery --- radiotherapy --- oligometastatic breast cancer --- locoregional therapy --- CDK4/6 inhibitors --- multidisciplinary --- AMH --- ovarian reserve --- pregnancy desire --- subtypes breast cancer --- miRNAs --- breast cancer treatment --- next-generation-sequencing --- target therapy --- old age --- survival --- vitamin D --- ductal breast cancer --- in situ breast cancer --- lobular breast cancer --- histology

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Actuellement, le cancer et les maladies cardiovasculaires sont les principales causes de mortalité dans le monde. Le cancer du sein est le plus diagnostiqué des cancers chez la femme, et la 5e cause de mortalité liée au cancer dans les deux sexes. 
Le système immunitaire comporte plusieurs acteurs immunitaires impliqués dans les réponses contre les maladies. Ces acteurs immunitaires font l’objets de diverses études dans le but d’améliorer le traitement des maladies. Les éosinophiles, un acteur immunitaire connu pour leurs implications dans les allergies et les infections parasitaires, ont montré in vivo une double action dans le cancer : pro et antitumorale. Cependant peu de données à ce sujet sont disponible pour le cancer du sein. 
Des études rétrospectives dont deux effectuées par notre laboratoire, le laboratoire d’Oncologie Médicale de l’Université de Liège, ont mis en évidence le potentiel du nombre d’éosinophiles circulants au moment du diagnostic et durant le suivi des patients, comme facteur pronostique et prédictif de la réponse au traitement. En général, un taux élevé d’éosinophiles circulants est associé à un meilleur pronostique et est prédictif d’une meilleure réponse au traitement chimiothérapeutique. Nous avons, lors de ce travail de fin de cycle, étudié l’impact de la réduction du nombre d’éosinophiles circulants sur l’infiltration tumorale et stromale des cellules immunitaires et l’expression des modulateurs immunitaires dans un modèle murin du cancer du sein composé de deux groupes de souris. Le premier groupe de souris a reçu un traitement à l’anticorps anti-IL-5 pour réduire le nombre d’éosinophiles circulants : le groupe EOS- (n=12). Le second groupe de souris a reçu un traitement à l’isotype IgG1 sans impact sur le nombre d’éosinophiles circulants : le groupe EOSnorm (n=12). 
Dans la première partie de notre étude, nous avons réalisé des immunohistochimies (IHC) sur des coupes de tumeurs afin de comparer l’infiltration au niveau de la tumeur, du stroma et de la lame totale des acteurs immunitaires entre les groupes EOS- versus EOSnorm et les groupes métastase+ (n=7) versus métastase-(n=17). La seconde partie de ce travail de fin d’étude a été consacré au séquençage des tumeurs afin d’évaluer le RNA-seq pour explorer l’infiltration tumorale par les cellules immunitaires et de confirmer les observations obtenues par IHC.
Nos résultats ont montré une plus grande présence d’éosinophiles dans la tumeur (p-value : 0,0205), dans le stroma (p-value : 0,0449) et sur la lame entière (p-value : 0,0332) dans le groupe EOS- associé à un faible taux de lymphocyte T CD8 (p-value : 0,0449) et de neutrophiles (p-value : 0,0332) au niveau stromal. De plus, une plus grande présence de neutrophiles a été observé dans le groupe métastases- dans le stroma (p-value : 0,0131) et sur la lame entière (p-value : 0,0008). 
Ces résultats suggèrent que la baisse du taux d’éosinophiles circulants accroitrait leur infiltration dans le tissu tumoral mais que cela s’accompagnerait d’une réduction de l’infiltration d’autres cellules immunitaires.

Cancer --- Cancer du sein --- éosinophiles --- immunohistochimies --- RNA-seq --- infiltration tumorale --- breast cancer --- eosinophils cells --- immune system --- immunohistochemistry --- Tumor infiltration --- Sciences de la santé humaine > Oncologie

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This open access book shows how figures, figuring, and configuration are used to understand complex, contemporary problems. Figures are images, numbers, diagrams, data and datasets, turns-of-phrase, and representations. Contributors reflect on the history of figures as they have transformed disciplines and fields of study, and how methods of figuring and configuring have been integral to practices of description, computation, creation, criticism and political action. They do this by following figures across fields of social science, medicine, art, literature, media, politics, philosophy, history, anthropology, and science and technology studies. Readers will encounter figures as various as #jesuischarlie, #MeToo, social media personae, gardeners, asthmatic children, systems configuration management and cloud computing. Each chapter demonstrates the methodological utility and contemporary relevance of thinking with figures. This book serves as a critical guide to a world of figures and a creative invitation to “go figure!” Celia Lury is Professor in the Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies, University of Warwick. She has a long-standing interest in the ways in which “live” methods contribute to the enactment of social worlds. Her most recent book is Problem Spaces: How and Why Methodology Matters (2020). William Viney is a research fellow in the Department of Anthropology, Goldsmiths, University of London, as part of the project “People Like You”: Contemporary Figures of Personalisation. His most recent book is Twins: Superstitions and Marvels, Fantasies and Experiments (2021). Scott Wark is a research fellow for the Wellcome-funded project, “People Like You”: Contemporary Figures of Personalisation. He is based at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies at the University of Warwick. His main research focus is on online culture.

Science—Social aspects. --- Anthropology. --- Sociology. --- Medicine and the humanities. --- Mass media and culture. --- Science and Technology Studies. --- Medical Humanities. --- Media Culture. --- Culture and mass media --- Culture --- Humanities and medicine --- Humanities --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Primitive societies --- Human beings --- cultural theory and history --- STS --- figuration --- data --- breast cancer medicine --- digital media and culture --- art criticism --- design --- data selves --- surveillance --- urban studies --- interdisciplinary methodologies

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This book includes some recent works providing the readers with novel relevant findings about the main signaling pathways that govern the molecular pathogenesis of some of the highest prevalent human tumors, which are the basis for developing alternative therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.

actin cytoskeletal reorganization --- breast cancer --- CD99 agonist --- EGFR dimerization --- endocytosis --- FAK dephosphorylation --- PTPN12 --- Rac1 --- RhoA --- tripeptide --- OMD --- PRELP --- tumor suppression gene --- bladder cancer initiation --- tight junction --- partial EMT --- tousled-like kinase (TLK) --- NIMA-related kinase 1 (NEK1) --- yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) --- thioridazine (THD) --- MS-determined phosphopeptides --- human immunodeficiency virus type 1 --- epithelial cells --- carcinogenicity --- oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species --- gp120 --- Tat --- Nef --- matrix protein p17 --- reverse transcriptase --- mitochondria --- metastasis --- OXPHOS --- cancer --- Warburg effect --- cancer therapeutics --- myeloproliferative neoplasms --- signaling pathways --- JAK2 --- CALR --- MPL --- TPOR --- DUSP1 --- MAPK --- Snail --- prostate cancer --- migration and invasion --- patient survival --- biomarkers --- pBRD4 --- SET --- PP2A --- prognosis --- triple negative breast cancer --- resistance --- anti-receptor therapy --- trastuzumab --- PI3K --- mTOR --- TAK-228 --- epigenetic --- methylation --- acetylation --- non-coding RNA --- small-cell lung cancer --- triple-negative breast cancer --- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma --- glioblastoma --- metastatic melanoma --- advanced ovarian cancer --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- immune evasion --- immunotherapy --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- oncogenic signaling pathway --- molecular targeted agents --- genome --- epigenome --- tumor immune microenvironment --- ovarian cancer --- adaptive immunity --- innate immunity --- complement system --- cancer immunology --- tumor microenvironment --- splicing pathway --- luminal breast cancer --- BET inhibitors --- n/a