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Introduced organisms --- Biological invasions. --- Evolution. --- Bio-invasions --- Bioinvasions --- Invasions, Biological --- Natural selection --- Population biology --- Alien organisms --- Alien species --- Exotic organisms --- Exotic species --- Foreign organisms (Introduced organisms) --- Foreign species (Introduced organisms) --- Introduced species --- Invaders (Organisms) --- Invasive alien species --- Invasive organisms --- Invasive species --- Naturalised organisms --- Naturalized organisms --- Non-indigenous organisms --- Non-indigenous species --- Non-native organisms --- Non-native species --- Nonindigenous organisms --- Nonindigenous species --- Nonnative organisms --- Nonnative species --- Translocated organisms --- Translocated species --- Organisms

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Ants are a ubiquitous, highly diverse, and ecologically dominant faunal group. They represent a large proportion of global terrestrial faunal biomass and play key ecological roles as soil engineers, predators, and re-cyclers of nutrients. They have particularly important interactions with plants as defenders against herbivores, as seed dispersers, and as seed predators. One downside to the ecological importance of ants is that they feature on the list of the world’s worst invasive species. Ants have also been important for science as model organisms for studies of diversity, biogeography, and community ecology. Despite such importance, ants remain remarkably understudied. A large proportion of species are undescribed, the biogeographic histories of most taxa remain poorly known, and we have a limited understanding of spatial patterns of diversity and composition, along with the processes driving them. The papers in this Special Issue collectively address many of the most pressing questions relating to ant diversity. What is the level of ant diversity? What is the origin of this diversity, and how is it distributed at different spatial scales? What are the roles of niche partitioning and competition as regulators of local diversity? How do ants affect the ecosystems within which they occur? The answers to these questions provide valuable insights not just for ants, but for biodiversity more generally.

Research & information: general --- ant diversity --- cryptic species --- morphospecies --- species delimitation --- sympatric association --- endosymbiont --- ant --- vertical transmission --- biogeography --- ancestral state reconstruction --- phylogeny --- ants --- community structure --- physiology --- interactions --- temperature --- behavioral interactions --- coexistence --- co-occurrence --- competitive exclusion --- dominance --- Formicidae --- scale --- Dolichoderinae --- species distribution models --- climatic gradients --- wet tropics --- climate change --- invasion ecology --- invasive species --- red imported fire ant --- commensalism --- gopher tortoise --- diversity --- conservation --- burrow commensal --- soil arthropods --- pitfall --- bait --- turnover --- food specialisation --- stratification --- sampling methods --- hypogaeic --- species richness --- species occurrence --- endemic species --- distribution ranges --- dispersal routes --- centre of origin --- refugium areas --- antbird --- army ant --- biodiversity --- biological indicator --- deforestation --- habitat fragmentation --- myrmecophiles --- mimicry --- species interactions --- tropics --- biological invasions --- species checklist --- urban ecology --- n/a

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Forests are the richest and most complex ecosystems in the world. Due to the abundance of species and their intricate relationships, huge problems are faced when investigating and analyzing them, despite the fact that increasingly sophisticated research tools are currently available. This is also true in the case of the largest group of animals in the world, i.e., insects inhabiting the forest environment. We are currently living in times of dramatic environmental changes triggered by human activity. The effects of climate change are evident and lead to changes in forests. Growing numbers of insect species are being threatened, and it is our responsibility to protect them. This Special Issue of our journal aims to provide a platform for scientific discussions on an array of research problems, such as geographic or historic diversity of forest insects, their variability, habitat preferences, as well as their monitoring or use as bioindicators of environmental changes. We are convinced that this Special Issue will not only be a source of inspiration for further research but will also contribute to reaching a reasonable compromise between the necessary protection of forests and the need for economic benefits. It is our belief that entomological studies will be of considerable value in these efforts.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- pine --- Pinus --- invasion track --- new distribution --- alien --- trap --- Anisandrus dispar --- Cyclorhipidion bodoanum --- deadwood --- invasive species --- Xyleborus saxesenii --- Xyleborinus attenuatus --- Xylosandrus germanus --- Scolytinae --- Quercus --- associational susceptibility --- forest protection --- phenological synchrony --- Operophtera brumata --- Agriopis leucophaearia --- bud burst --- herbivory --- xylophagous beetles --- distribution --- Bursaphelenchus xylophilus --- biodiversity --- Pinus sylvestris --- Coleoptera --- Ips typographus --- Thanasimus spp. --- bark beetles --- Norway spruce --- mass trapping --- attractants --- release rate --- trap type --- integrated pest management --- Collembola --- Arachnida --- Insecta --- ecology of arthropods --- zoogeography --- ambrosia beetle --- bark beetle --- MaxEnt --- insect pest --- alien species --- niche modelling --- biological invasions --- Lymantria dispar asiatica --- Asian spongy moth (ASM) --- female flight ability --- flight mill --- female age --- female flight duration --- female flight distance --- anthropogenic disturbances --- environmental monitoring --- forest reserve --- long-term research --- natural succession --- oak-hornbeam forests --- stability of mite communities --- Uropodina --- n/a