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When is preventive war chosen to counter nuclear proliferation? In 'All Options on the Table', Rachel Elizabeth Whitlark looks beyond systemic and slow-moving factors such as the distribution of power. Instead, she highlights individual leaders' beliefs to explain when preventive military force is the preferred strategy. Executive perspective - not institutional structure - is paramount. Whitlark makes her argument through archivally based comparative case studies. She focuses on executive decision making regarding nuclear programs in China, North Korea, Iraq, Pakistan and Syria.
Deterrence (Strategy) --- Preemptive attack (Military science) --- Nuclear arms control. --- International relations --- Executive power. --- Heads of state --- History --- Psychology.
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"Hawaii, December 7, 1941, shortly before 8 a.m.: Japanese torpedo bombers launch a surprise attack on the US Pacific fleet anchored in Pearl Harbor. The devastating attack claims the lives of over 2,400 American soldiers, sinks or damages eighteen ships, and destroys nearly 350 aircraft. The US Congress declares war on Japan the following day. In this vivid and lively book, Takuma Melber breathes new life into the dramatic events that unfolded before, during, and after Pearl Harbor by putting the perspective of the Japanese attackers at the center. Most other histories of Pearl Harbor are told from the American point of view, so by giving attention to the Japanese perspective as well, Melber is able to provide a richer, more comprehensive and more balanced account of the battle, its conditions, and its consequences. He sheds new light on the long negotiations that went on between the Japanese and Americans in 1941, and shows how US intelligence and military leaders in Washington misinterpreted the information they had about Japanese war intentions. Melber's description of the battle itself is informed by the latest research and benefits from including the plannng and post-raid assessment made by the Japanese commanders. This balanced and thorougly researched book deepens our understanding of the battle that precipitated America's entry into the war and will appeal to anyone interested in World War II and military history."--
Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), Attack on, 1941. --- World War, 1939-1945 - Japan. --- World War, 1939-1945 - Campaigns - Pacific Area. --- World War, 1939-1945 - United States. --- United States - Foreign relations - Japan. --- Japan - Foreign relations - United States. --- Pacific Area - History, Military. --- Pacific Area - History, Naval. --- Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), Attack on, 1941 --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Campaigns --- United States --- Japan --- Pacific Area --- Foreign relations --- History, Military. --- History, Naval.
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The pirate attack on the British brig Morning Star, en route from Ceylon to London, near Ascension Island in 1828 was one of the most shocking episodes of piracy in the nineteenth century. Although the captain and many members of the crew were murdered by the pirates led by the notorious Benito de Soto, some survived, escaped and sailed the ship back to Britain. This book, based on extensive original research in Britain, Spain and Brazil, retells the story of the Morning Star, provides much new detail and corrects errors present in the many contemporary accounts of the attack. It sets the attack in the wider context of piracy in the period, and discusses many issues which the episode highlights: how pirates' careers began and developed; how they were pursued and tried, often with difficulty; what became of their treasure; how stories of the attack and of the survivors were sensationalised; how the women passengers on the ship endured their ordeal at the hands of the pirates and then, back in Britain, had to endure potential loss of their reputations.
Piracy --- Pirates --- History --- Soto Aboal, Benito, --- 1800-1899 --- Atlantic piracy. --- Benito de Soto. --- Morning Star. --- early nineteenth century. --- historical research. --- maritime history. --- piracy in the period. --- pirate attack. --- survival.
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Cyber-physical system (CPS) innovations, in conjunction with their sibling computational and technological advancements, have positively impacted our society, leading to the establishment of new horizons of service excellence in a variety of applicational fields. With the rapid increase in the application of CPSs in safety-critical infrastructures, their safety and security are the top priorities of next-generation designs. The extent of potential consequences of CPS insecurity is large enough to ensure that CPS security is one of the core elements of the CPS research agenda. Faults, failures, and cyber-physical attacks lead to variations in the dynamics of CPSs and cause the instability and malfunction of normal operations. This reprint discusses the existing vulnerabilities and focuses on detection, prevention, and compensation techniques to improve the security of safety-critical systems.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- smart grids --- device authentication --- situational awareness --- home area networks --- time-delay switch attack --- networked control systems --- secure control design --- Lyapunov theory --- attack estimation --- hardware-in-the-loop testing --- machine learning --- industrial control systems --- anomaly detection --- fault detection --- intrusion detection system --- blockchain --- security --- privacy --- financial transactions --- transportation systems --- autonomous vehicles --- power system resilience --- disaster --- Federated Learning --- edge intelligence --- resilience management systems --- resource-limitations --- demand response --- remedial testing --- greybox fuzzing --- vulnerability detection --- enhanced security --- traffic microsimulation tool --- cooperative automated driving systems --- vehicle powertrain --- safety --- road capacity --- contested environments --- anomaly isolation --- artificial neural networks --- Cyber Physical System --- out-of-bounds --- vulnerable detection --- patch --- inverter-based energy resources --- islanded microgrids --- resilient control design --- secondary control --- false data injection --- smart grids --- device authentication --- situational awareness --- home area networks --- time-delay switch attack --- networked control systems --- secure control design --- Lyapunov theory --- attack estimation --- hardware-in-the-loop testing --- machine learning --- industrial control systems --- anomaly detection --- fault detection --- intrusion detection system --- blockchain --- security --- privacy --- financial transactions --- transportation systems --- autonomous vehicles --- power system resilience --- disaster --- Federated Learning --- edge intelligence --- resilience management systems --- resource-limitations --- demand response --- remedial testing --- greybox fuzzing --- vulnerability detection --- enhanced security --- traffic microsimulation tool --- cooperative automated driving systems --- vehicle powertrain --- safety --- road capacity --- contested environments --- anomaly isolation --- artificial neural networks --- Cyber Physical System --- out-of-bounds --- vulnerable detection --- patch --- inverter-based energy resources --- islanded microgrids --- resilient control design --- secondary control --- false data injection
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Cyber-physical system (CPS) innovations, in conjunction with their sibling computational and technological advancements, have positively impacted our society, leading to the establishment of new horizons of service excellence in a variety of applicational fields. With the rapid increase in the application of CPSs in safety-critical infrastructures, their safety and security are the top priorities of next-generation designs. The extent of potential consequences of CPS insecurity is large enough to ensure that CPS security is one of the core elements of the CPS research agenda. Faults, failures, and cyber-physical attacks lead to variations in the dynamics of CPSs and cause the instability and malfunction of normal operations. This reprint discusses the existing vulnerabilities and focuses on detection, prevention, and compensation techniques to improve the security of safety-critical systems.
smart grids --- device authentication --- situational awareness --- home area networks --- time-delay switch attack --- networked control systems --- secure control design --- Lyapunov theory --- attack estimation --- hardware-in-the-loop testing --- machine learning --- industrial control systems --- anomaly detection --- fault detection --- intrusion detection system --- blockchain --- security --- privacy --- financial transactions --- transportation systems --- autonomous vehicles --- power system resilience --- disaster --- Federated Learning --- edge intelligence --- resilience management systems --- resource-limitations --- demand response --- remedial testing --- greybox fuzzing --- vulnerability detection --- enhanced security --- traffic microsimulation tool --- cooperative automated driving systems --- vehicle powertrain --- safety --- road capacity --- contested environments --- anomaly isolation --- artificial neural networks --- Cyber Physical System --- out-of-bounds --- vulnerable detection --- patch --- inverter-based energy resources --- islanded microgrids --- resilient control design --- secondary control --- false data injection
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The experience of being a Muslim in Scotland today is shaped by the global and national post-9/11 shift in public attitudes towards Muslims, and is infused by the particular social, cultural and political Scottish ways of dealing with minorities, diversity and integration. This book explores the settlement and development of Muslim communities in Scotland, highlighting the ongoing changes in their structure and the move towards a Scottish experience of being Muslim. This experience combines a sense of civic and social belonging to Scotland with a strong religious and ideological commitment to Islam.
Muslims --- September 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001. --- 9/11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 --- 911 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 --- Attack on America, 2001 (September 11 Terrorist Attacks) --- Nine-Eleven Terrorist Attacks, 2001 --- Pentagon-World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks, 2001 --- Sept. 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 --- September 11 Terror Attacks, 2001 --- September 11 Terrorism, 2001 --- Terrorist Attacks, September 11, 2001 --- World Trade Center-Pentagon Terrorist Attacks, 2001 --- Hijacking of aircraft --- Terrorism --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Islam --- Social conditions. --- September 11 Terrorist Attacks (2001) --- 2001 --- Scotland. --- Caledonia --- Ecosse --- Schotland --- Scotia --- Škotska --- Sŭkʻotʻŭlland --- Great Britain
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Cultural heritage plays a key role in understanding the history of humankind; therefore, the adoption of appropriate strategies for its conservation is essential. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and microalgae, which are usually organized on the surface in microbial communities as “biofilms”, can cause serious problems in the conservation of cultural heritage, making the adoption of prevention and conservation strategies a critical issue. This editorial focuses on studies published within the present Special Issue that present advances in the field of the biodeterioration of cultural heritage caused by microbial communities, with a particular focus on new methods for their elimination and control.
Research & information: general --- phototrophic biofilms --- show caves --- biological control --- bacteria --- cyanobacteria --- amoeba --- Nanhai No.1 shipwreck --- wood lacquers --- fungi --- high-throughput sequencing --- carboxymethyl cellulose activity --- biocides --- microbial community --- biodeterioration --- MinION approach --- SEM --- aDNA --- animal --- plant --- cultural heritage conservation --- eco-friendly biocides --- ecology of biodeterioration --- mural paintings --- stone biodeterioration --- cultural heritage --- biofilm --- biodeteriogens --- antifouling --- ionic liquids --- green conservation --- SMART conservation --- biofilms --- phyto-derivative --- liquorice --- lavender --- PAM --- green microalgae --- diatoms --- Alhambra --- Generalife --- conservation --- information modelling --- stone fountains --- air quality --- museum --- next-generation sequencing --- PCR amplicon --- terpenoid varnishes --- painting --- GC-MS --- MDS --- microbiome --- biochemical processes --- nitrogen cycle --- sulfur cycle --- acidic attack --- stone and rock --- antimicrobial activity --- canvas painting biodeterioration --- cleaning procedure --- contactless test --- control --- plant essential oils --- volatile components --- bio-desalination --- biocleaning --- nitrate --- granite pavement --- essential oil --- hydro-alcoholic extract --- plant products --- green strategy --- microorganisms
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Chronic diseases account for a considerable part of the strain on health care systems and are burdensome for each affected individual and their families. In recent years, the concept of health literacy has been substantially elaborated on, particularly regarding the development and implementation of interventions at different levels, efforts to improve its measurement, and the role of communities and organizations. While a range of advancements are uncontested, specific challenges still revolve around, for example, a thorough application of modern practices of health literacy that focus on societal support of health literacy strengths and response to health literacy challenges; developing, testing, and evaluating strategies for organizational health literacy responsiveness; and improving the co-design, local ownership, and integration of health literacy actions and interventions in communities experiencing vulnerability and disadvantage. This Special Issue showcases research addressing these and further aspects about developing health literacy - particularly among people with chronic diseases - by which we mean advancements in health practices, organizations, and policies that create enabling environments in which people have the necessary knowledge and feel confident accessing, understanding, and using health information and services.
Public health & preventive medicine --- health literacy --- fishermen --- co-design --- Borollos lake --- health literacy questionnaire (HLQ) --- health inequality --- Ophelia (optimising health literacy and access) process --- eHealth literacy --- chronic pain --- self-efficacy --- psychological function --- health literacy-sensitive communication --- patient–professional relationship --- HL-COM --- information needs --- patient survey --- health information sources --- focus groups --- people with chronic illness --- HLS-GER 2 --- Germany --- cardiac rehabilitation --- heart attack --- empowerment --- health literacy development --- health literacy measurement --- non-native English users --- Nepal --- Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing --- university students --- validation study --- HCP --- rehabilitants --- agreement --- HLQ --- intraclass correlation (ICC) --- physicians --- physiotherapists --- social workers --- nurses --- orthopedic --- allergy prevention --- health professionals --- qualitative methods --- midwives --- inequality --- intervention development --- health literacy responsiveness --- organizational health literacy --- pregnancy --- health promotion --- decision making --- values --- implant care --- ethical aspects --- health-literacy development --- cochlear implants --- glaucoma implants --- cardiovascular implants --- n/a --- patient-professional relationship
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Cultural heritage plays a key role in understanding the history of humankind; therefore, the adoption of appropriate strategies for its conservation is essential. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and microalgae, which are usually organized on the surface in microbial communities as “biofilms”, can cause serious problems in the conservation of cultural heritage, making the adoption of prevention and conservation strategies a critical issue. This editorial focuses on studies published within the present Special Issue that present advances in the field of the biodeterioration of cultural heritage caused by microbial communities, with a particular focus on new methods for their elimination and control.
phototrophic biofilms --- show caves --- biological control --- bacteria --- cyanobacteria --- amoeba --- Nanhai No.1 shipwreck --- wood lacquers --- fungi --- high-throughput sequencing --- carboxymethyl cellulose activity --- biocides --- microbial community --- biodeterioration --- MinION approach --- SEM --- aDNA --- animal --- plant --- cultural heritage conservation --- eco-friendly biocides --- ecology of biodeterioration --- mural paintings --- stone biodeterioration --- cultural heritage --- biofilm --- biodeteriogens --- antifouling --- ionic liquids --- green conservation --- SMART conservation --- biofilms --- phyto-derivative --- liquorice --- lavender --- PAM --- green microalgae --- diatoms --- Alhambra --- Generalife --- conservation --- information modelling --- stone fountains --- air quality --- museum --- next-generation sequencing --- PCR amplicon --- terpenoid varnishes --- painting --- GC-MS --- MDS --- microbiome --- biochemical processes --- nitrogen cycle --- sulfur cycle --- acidic attack --- stone and rock --- antimicrobial activity --- canvas painting biodeterioration --- cleaning procedure --- contactless test --- control --- plant essential oils --- volatile components --- bio-desalination --- biocleaning --- nitrate --- granite pavement --- essential oil --- hydro-alcoholic extract --- plant products --- green strategy --- microorganisms
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Chronic diseases account for a considerable part of the strain on health care systems and are burdensome for each affected individual and their families. In recent years, the concept of health literacy has been substantially elaborated on, particularly regarding the development and implementation of interventions at different levels, efforts to improve its measurement, and the role of communities and organizations. While a range of advancements are uncontested, specific challenges still revolve around, for example, a thorough application of modern practices of health literacy that focus on societal support of health literacy strengths and response to health literacy challenges; developing, testing, and evaluating strategies for organizational health literacy responsiveness; and improving the co-design, local ownership, and integration of health literacy actions and interventions in communities experiencing vulnerability and disadvantage. This Special Issue showcases research addressing these and further aspects about developing health literacy - particularly among people with chronic diseases - by which we mean advancements in health practices, organizations, and policies that create enabling environments in which people have the necessary knowledge and feel confident accessing, understanding, and using health information and services.
health literacy --- fishermen --- co-design --- Borollos lake --- health literacy questionnaire (HLQ) --- health inequality --- Ophelia (optimising health literacy and access) process --- eHealth literacy --- chronic pain --- self-efficacy --- psychological function --- health literacy-sensitive communication --- patient–professional relationship --- HL-COM --- information needs --- patient survey --- health information sources --- focus groups --- people with chronic illness --- HLS-GER 2 --- Germany --- cardiac rehabilitation --- heart attack --- empowerment --- health literacy development --- health literacy measurement --- non-native English users --- Nepal --- Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing --- university students --- validation study --- HCP --- rehabilitants --- agreement --- HLQ --- intraclass correlation (ICC) --- physicians --- physiotherapists --- social workers --- nurses --- orthopedic --- allergy prevention --- health professionals --- qualitative methods --- midwives --- inequality --- intervention development --- health literacy responsiveness --- organizational health literacy --- pregnancy --- health promotion --- decision making --- values --- implant care --- ethical aspects --- health-literacy development --- cochlear implants --- glaucoma implants --- cardiovascular implants --- n/a --- patient-professional relationship
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