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Analysis (Philosophy) --- Analysis, Linguistic (Philosophy) --- Analysis, Logical --- Analysis, Philosophical --- Analytic philosophy --- Analytical philosophy --- Linguistic analysis (Philosophy) --- Logical analysis --- Philosophical analysis --- Philosophy, Analytical --- Language and languages --- Methodology --- Philosophy --- Logical positivism --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Logic --- History of philosophy

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During the first quarter of the twentieth century, the French philosopher Henri Bergson became an international celebrity, profoundly influencing contemporary intellectual and artistic currents. While Bergsonism was fashionable, L. Susan Stebbing, Bertrand Russell, Moritz Schlick, and Rudolf Carnap launched different critical attacks against some of Bergson’s views. This book examines this series of critical responses to Bergsonism early in the history of analytic philosophy. Analytic criticisms of Bergsonism were influenced by William James, who saw Bergson as an ‘anti-intellectualist’ ally of American Pragmatism, and Max Scheler, who saw him as a prophet of Lebensphilosophie. Some of the main analytic objections to Bergson are answered in the work of Karin Costelloe-Stephen. Analytic anti-Bergsonism accompanied the earlier refutations of idealism by Russell and Moore, and later influenced the Vienna Circle’s critique of metaphysics. It eventually contributed to the formation of the view that ‘analytic’ philosophy is divided from its ‘continental’ counterpart.

Philosophy --- Theory of knowledge --- filosofie --- analytische filosofie --- Europe --- Analysis (Philosophy). --- Philosophy, Modern --- Continental Philosophy. --- Analytic Philosophy. --- Philosophy of the 20th century. --- 20th century. --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Continental philosophy --- Bergson, Henri, 1859-1941 --- Continental philosophy.

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Arguing against emergent and even dominant tendencies of recent political thought that emphasize the so-called primacy of affect, Peter Steinberger challenges political theorists to take account of important themes in philosophy on the topic of human rationality. He engages with major proponents of post-Kantian thought, analytic and continental alike, to show how political judgment and political action, properly understood, are deeply and definitively grounded in considerations of human reason. Focusing especially on influential arguments in the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of action, he seeks to rediscover and reanimate the close connection between systematic philosophical speculation on the one hand and the theory and practice of politics on the other. The result is a neo-rationalist conception of judgment and action that promises to offer a substantial and compelling account of political enterprise as it plays out in the real world of public affairs.

Political science --- Rationalism --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Philosophy. --- Political aspects. --- Analysis, Linguistic (Philosophy) --- Analysis, Logical --- Analysis, Philosophical --- Analytic philosophy --- Analytical philosophy --- Linguistic analysis (Philosophy) --- Logical analysis --- Philosophical analysis --- Philosophy, Analytical --- Language and languages --- Methodology --- Philosophy --- Logical positivism --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Religion --- Belief and doubt --- Deism --- Free thought --- Realism --- Political philosophy

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This book addresses controversies concerning the epistemological foundations of data science: Is it a genuine science? Or is data science merely some inferior practice that can at best contribute to the scientific enterprise, but cannot stand on its own? The author proposes a coherent conceptual framework with which these questions can be rigorously addressed. Readers will discover a defense of inductivism and consideration of the arguments against it: an epistemology of data science more or less by definition has to be inductivist, given that data science starts with the data. As an alternative to enumerative approaches, the author endorses Federica Russo’s recent call for a variational rationale in inductive methodology. Chapters then address some of the key concepts of an inductivist methodology including causation, probability and analogy, before outlining an inductivist framework. The inductivist framework is shown to be adequate and useful for an analysis of the epistemological foundations of data science. The author points out that many aspects of the variational rationale are present in algorithms commonly used in data science. Introductions to algorithms and brief case studies of successful data science such as machine translation are included. Data science is located with reference to several crucial distinctions regarding different kinds of scientific practices, including between exploratory and theory-driven experimentation, and between phenomenological and theoretical science. Computer scientists, philosophers and data scientists of various disciplines will find this philosophical perspective and conceptual framework of great interest, especially as a starting point for further in-depth analysis of algorithms used in data science. .

Knowledge, Theory of. --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Mathematical statistics. --- Mathematics --- Statistical inference --- Statistics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Probabilities --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Statistical methods --- Technology --- Data structures (Computer science). --- Information theory. --- System theory. --- Computer science --- Analysis (Philosophy). --- Philosophy of Technology. --- Data Structures and Information Theory. --- Complex Systems. --- Probability and Statistics in Computer Science. --- Analytic Philosophy. --- Philosophy. --- Mathematics. --- Analysis, Linguistic (Philosophy) --- Analysis, Logical --- Analysis, Philosophical --- Analytic philosophy --- Analytical philosophy --- Linguistic analysis (Philosophy) --- Logical analysis --- Philosophical analysis --- Philosophy, Analytical --- Language and languages --- Methodology --- Logical positivism --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Systems, Theory of --- Systems science --- Science --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Information structures (Computer science) --- Structures, Data (Computer science) --- Structures, Information (Computer science) --- File organization (Computer science) --- Abstract data types (Computer science) --- Technology and civilization --- Data structures (Computer science)

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"In March 1929, the philosophers Ernst Cassirer and Martin Heidegger met in Davos, Switzerland to debate the Kantian concepts of freedom and rationality. Their debate has come to have great significance as a point at which the divide between analytic and continental philosophy became established, and also, arguably, when the old order represented by Cassirer was forced to give way to a new one represented by Heidegger. In this book, the first detailed philosophical analysis of the debate itself, Simon Truwant shows how Cassirer's and Heidegger's disagreement about the meaning of Kant's philosophy was motivated by their different views about the human condition, which in turn were motivated by their opposing conceptions of what the task of philosophy should ultimately be. He shows that these two very different opponents share a grand philosophical concern: to comprehend and aid the human being's capacity to orient itself in and towards the world"

Continental philosophy --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Philosophy, Modern --- Analysis, Linguistic (Philosophy) --- Analysis, Logical --- Analysis, Philosophical --- Analytic philosophy --- Analytical philosophy --- Linguistic analysis (Philosophy) --- Logical analysis --- Philosophical analysis --- Philosophy, Analytical --- Language and languages --- Methodology --- Philosophy --- Logical positivism --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Philosophy, Continental --- Cassirer, Ernst, --- Heidegger, Martin, --- Khaĭdegger, Martin, --- Haĭdegger, Martin, --- Hīdajar, Mārtin, --- Hai-te-ko, --- Haidegŏ, --- Chaitenger, Martinos, --- Chaitenker, Martinos, --- Chaintenger, Martin, --- Khaĭdeger, Martin, --- Hai-te-ko-erh, --- Haideger, Marṭinn, --- Heidegger, M. --- Haideger, Martin, --- Hajdeger, Martin, --- הייגדר, מרתין --- היידגר, מרטין --- היידגר, מרטין, --- 海德格尔, --- Chaintenker, Martin, --- Hāydigir, Mārtīn, --- Hīdigir, Mārtīn, --- هاىدگر, مارتين, --- هىدگر, مارتين, --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Theory of knowledge --- Cassirer, Ernst --- Heidegger, Martin --- Switzerland -- Davos