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Toxicology --- Hazardous substances --- Air pollution. Air purification
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Outdoor air pollution accounts for an estimated 4.2 million deaths worldwide, the majority of which are caused by exposure to fine particulate matter (or PM2.5) air pollution. Most of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Reducing PM2.5 air pollution is thus crucial for improving public-health outcomes in those countries. Measuring and reducing the health impacts of PM2.5 is especially challenging in many LMICs because ground-level air-quality monitoring networks are typically nonexistent. Where they are in place, they are often not properly operated and maintained and are thus unreliable. Limited local expertise in air-quality measurement presents additional challenges. These shortcomings can undermine a country's ability to design and implement effective policies to improve outdoor air quality. Satellite technology has been used successfully for measuring air quality in high-income countries where operation of ground-level air-quality monitoring networks is well established. However, this publication investigates the performance of satellites in LMICs for predicting outdoor concentrations of PM2.5, based on case studies in nine cities in different regions representing a range of environmental conditions (including mountainous, dusty, and coastal). The report finds that the satellite-derived estimates of PM2.5 in LMICs are associated with very large uncertainty, ranging from 21 percent to 85 percent depending on the model used for translating satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth-the parameter measured by satellites-to surface-level outdoor PM2.5 concentrations. This report shows that satellites are unreliable for estimating ambient concentrations of PM2.5 in LMICs. Furthermore, satellite-derived measurements cannot replace properly operated and maintained ground-level monitoring networks for measuring the concentrations of PM2.5 that human beings are typically exposed to daily. Thus, it is important that LMICs strengthen support for the establishment of ground-level monitoring networks to measure air pollutants, notably PM2.5, that cause mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa and other regions with LMICs.
Air --- Artificial satellites in air pollution control. --- Pollution --- Measurement.
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Pollution of the air by pollutants such as dust, smoke, gas, and water vapor causes serious health problems for people. Air pollution is considered one of the most important human health risks today. It can cause short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) diseases in the respiratory tract, heart, eyes, skin, and reproductive and nervous systems. This book highlights the importance of clean air for public health, draws attention to the sources and health effects of air pollution, and proposes some solutions and interventions to prevent air pollution.
Air quality management. --- Air --- Air pollution control --- Air quality --- Control of air pollution --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Control --- Management
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Hybrid and Combined Processes for Air Pollution Control: Methodologies, Mechanisms and Effect of Key Parameters provides an exhaustive inventory of hybrid and combined processes in the field of air treatment. The book covers principles, the effect of key parameters, technologies and reactors of the processes and their implementation, from lab-scale to industrial scale, also identifying future trends. Sections discuss effects on the environment and living beings, identify novel techniques and innovations, and offer a thorough assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of each.
Air --- Air quality management. --- Pollution control equipment. --- Purification --- Equipment and supplies. --- Equipment, Pollution control --- Pollution equipment --- Industrial equipment --- Air pollution control --- Air quality --- Control of air pollution --- Environmental protection --- Pollution control equipment --- Pollution --- Control --- Management --- Air pollution.
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Elk jaar vinden er meer en meer extreme weersomstandigheden plaats en wereldwijd worden wilde dieren steeds meer bedreigd. Nu het IPCC voor het komende decennium al een opwarming van 1,5°C voorspelt, zal dit complexe onderwerp de komende jaren de temperatuur alleen maar verder doen stijgen - aan beide zijden van het debat. **Klimaatverandering voor dummies** is het ideale hulpmiddel om door deze steeds woeliger wordende wateren te navigeren - en om een geïnformeerd verschil te maken waar je kunt. In **Klimaatverandering voor dummies** leer je alles over de oorzaken, de manier waarop het ons leven beïnvloedt, en wat we allemaal kunnen doen om een verschil te maken.
Air pollution. Air purification --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- opwarming (milieu) --- hernieuwbare energie --- energiebronnen --- klimaatverandering --- broeikaseffect --- klimaatvernietiging --- klimaatbehoud, klimaatbescherming --- mens en zijn omgeving --- geschiedenis
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Why has there been uneven success in reducing air pollution even in the same locality over time? This book offers an innovative theorization of how local political incentives can affect bureaucratic regulation. Using empirical evidence, it examines and compares the control of different air pollutants in China-an autocracy-and, to a lesser extent, Mexico-a democracy. Making use of new data, approaches, and techniques across political science, environmental sciences, and engineering, Shen reveals that local leaders and politicians are incentivized to cater to the policy preferences of their superiors or constituents, respectively, giving rise to varying levels of regulatory stringency during the leaders' tenures. Shen demonstrates that when ambiguity dilutes regulatory effectiveness, having the right incentives and enhanced monitoring is insufficient for successful policy implementation. Vividly explaining key phenomena through anecdotes and personal interviews, this book identifies new causes of air pollution and proposes timely solutions. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Air --- Organizational behavior --- Environmental policy --- Local government --- Incentives in air quality management --- Air quality management --- Pollution --- Government policy --- Economic aspects --- Environmental protection --- Air pollution control --- Air quality --- Control of air pollution --- Environmental auditing --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Management --- Organization --- Psychology, Industrial --- Social psychology --- Behavior in organizations --- Atmosphere --- Control
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The climate crisis is hitting around the world, including in the Middle East and its cities. Urban regions are exposed to increasingly frequent heat waves and floods that leave decision makers without immediate answers. In the context of this global crisis, this book addresses the need for a better understanding of the current model of urban expansion. Cities are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions but they are also celebrated for their contribution to economic growth. The current moment is one of a large paradigm shift as climate change is now recognized as a legitimate public problem. This is especially true for city dwellers, who are increasingly exposed to climate change, the loss of biodiversity and heavy pollution while natural breathing spaces continue to shrink around them. The sixteen chapters of this book do not offer any off-the-rack or technical solutions, but they analyze the urban conundrum and the contribution of cities to the climate crisis. Some chapters focus on individual car ownership, land privatization, waste management and land use changes under the guise of development. Others explore local and contextual answers to urban governance issues. With the support of CEDEJ and the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, researchers, experts and civil society actors explore the ongoing transformations of Middle Eastern urban environments and mobilities and question them in relation to the climate crisis. The contributions are based on empirical knowledge gathered in the Nile Delta, the Greater Cairo Region, Riyadh and Beirut. Without concessions to mainstream thinking, this book contributes to a better understanding of urban challenges, climate threats and policy responses in contexts marked by growing environmental inequalities.
Economics --- Environmental Studies --- climate change --- air pollution --- anthropocene --- sustainable mobility --- waste --- cities in transition --- architecture and rehabilitation --- urban expansions --- urban development challenges --- social and ecological justice --- nature-based solutions --- urban governance
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Thermodynamics --- Mechanical properties of solids --- General ecology and biosociology --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Materials sciences --- Heat engines. Steam engines --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Fuels --- Building design --- Building materials. Building technology --- thermodynamica --- volksgezondheid --- environment --- bouwkunde --- milieutechnologie --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- fysica --- warmteoverdracht --- Indoor air pollution. --- Indoor air quality.
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