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Rares sont les hommes de la Révolution qui s'intéressèrent au sort des femmes. Et s'ils modifièrent de façon décisive leur statut juridique, ils furent, à l'exception de quelques-uns, beaucoup moins préoccupés par leurs droits civiques. Ceux dont les textes sont réunis ici se réclamaient de l'idéologie républicaine, fondée sur la liberté et l'égalité des citoyens. Mais, pour la grande majorité d'entre eux, à commencer par Rousseau, la femme devait "se borner au gouvernement domestique, ne point se mêler du dehors". A les lire, on voit bien à quel point la proximité, la similitude et la confrontation des sexes leur faisaient horreur. 1789-2022 : deux cents ans plus tard, si les femmes sont devenues des citoyennes à part entière, le combat pour la reconnaissance continue. Ce recueil de textes édité par Elisabeth Badinter expose les causes profondes, philosophiques aussi bien qu'événementielles, de cette longue glaciation dans l'évolution de nos moeurs et le rôle mal connu qu'y ont joué les révolutionnaires.

Women's rights - France - History - 18th century --- France - Politics and government - 18th century --- Sex role - France - History - 18th century

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In order to make headway on the debate about whether Kant was a constructivist, nonconstructivist, or instead defends a hybrid view that somehow entirely sidesteps these categories, I attempt to clarify the terms of the debate more carefully than is usually done. First, I discuss the overall relationship between realism and constructivism. Second, I identify four main features of Kantian constructivism in general. Third, I examine three rival versions of metanormative Kantian constructivism, what I’ll call axiological, constitutivist, and rationalist constructivist. I argue that Kant is best seen as a rationalist constructivist. I conclude by arguing that although it’s a constructivist view, this reading avoids the main pitfalls of traditional Kantian constructivism. In doing so, it helps us to achieve a satisfying rapprochement between constructivist and non-constructivist readings of Kant.

Philosophy, German - 18th century --- Constructivism (Philosophy) --- Kant, Immanuel, - 1724-1804

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The volume includes a significant part of the findings of an interdisciplinary and international research project on disasters that occurred in the territories under the Bourbon monarchies between the 18th and early 19th centuries. It is composed of twelve essays that explore the strategies and practices by which institutions and societies sought to manage, mitigate and prevent the catastrophic effects of eruptions, earthquakes, floods, famine and epidemics. The articles address several territories, that are geographically distant and widely different from each other – from the western Mediterranean to Central and South America – between the Age of Enlightenment and the Age of Revolutions. Although these areas were ruled by members of the same dynasty, the political and administrative structures and legal systems were different, and the emergency management strategies were dissimilar too. The project involved three research groups, based in European and Latin American universities, coordinated by Jean-Philippe Luis, Armando Alberola and Domenico Cecere. The volume is dedicated to the memory of Jean-Philippe Luis. Il libro è il primo risultato di un progetto di ricerca interdisciplinare e internazionale sui disastri di origine naturale verificatisi nei territori governati dalle monarchie borboniche tra il XVIII secolo e l’inizio del XIX. I dodici saggi che lo compongono esplorano le strategie e le pratiche attraverso cui istituzioni e società cercarono di gestire, mitigare e prevenire gli effetti catastrofici di eruzioni, terremoti, inondazioni, carestie ed epidemie, in territori geograficamente lontani e diversi tra loro – dal Mediterraneo occidentale all’America centrale e meridionale – tra l’età dei Lumi e quella delle Rivoluzioni. Sebbene queste aree fossero governate da membri della stessa dinastia, l’organizzazione politico-amministrativa e i sistemi giuridici erano differenti e diverse erano anche le strategie di gestione dell’emergenza. Il progetto ha coinvolto tre gruppi di ricerca, incardinati in Università europee e ispano-americane, coordinati da Jean-Philippe Luis, Armando Alberola e Domenico Cecere. Il volume è dedicato alla memoria di Jean-Philippe Luis.

Disasters, Environmental History, emergency management, 18th Century, Bourbon Monarchies

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"This is the first book for a century to explore the development of French opera with spoken dialogue from its beginnings. Musical comedy in this form came in different styles and formed a distinct genre of opera, whose history has been obscured by neglect. Its songs were performed in private homes, where operas themselves were also given. The subject-matter was far wider in scope than is normally thought, with news stories and political themes finding their way onto the popular stage. In this book, the author describes the comedic and musical nature of eighteenth-century popular French opera, considering topics such as Gherardi's theatre, Fair Theatre and the 'musico-dramatic art' created in the mid-eighteenth century. Performance practices, singers, audience experiences and theatre staging are included, as well as a pioneering account of the formation of a core of 'canonical' popular works."

Musical theater --- Musical theater. --- Opera --- Opera. --- Opéra --- Théâtre musical --- History --- Histoire --- 1700-1799. --- France. --- Opera - France - 18th century --- Musical theater - France - History - 18th century

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François-René Molé, acteur adulé au XVIIIe siècle, est bien oublié. Il joue la tragédie, la comédie, le drame. Il est la coqueluche d'un public pour qui le théâtre est addictif. Les dames en sont entichées, les jeunes gens imitent les défauts qu'il caricature, la cour le récompense. Il a les défauts de ses qualités : une fatuité certaine, beaucoup de mauvaise foi face aux autorités, mais une passion absolue pour le théâtre et une grande générosité. Sa carrière couvre la période de l'histoire de France qui va du règne de Louis XV au Consulat. S'il se trompe parfois dans le choix de ses rôles, il est exceptionnel dans ceux qui lui conviennent. Ami de Denis Diderot et de Jean-Baptiste Greuze, il est la parfaite illustration de l'esthétique de son époque.

Molé, François-René --- Molé, François-René, --- Actors - France - Biography --- Theater - France - History - 18th century