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How does territorial control by non-state actors affect long-term development This paper investigates the economic, social, and political consequences of temporary territorial control by guerrillas during the Salvadoran Civil War. During this period, the guerrillas displaced state authorities and promoted the creation of self-governing institutions that were highly representative of local values and openly distrusted the state and elites. Using a spatial regression discontinuity design, the paper shows that areas once under guerrilla control have experienced worse economic outcomes about 30 years after the guerrillas first controlled them, relative to adjacent areas that were then controlled by the formal state. The results suggest that informal community institutions in guerrilla-controlled areas led to enduring land fragmentation and disengagement with the government. The paper argues that when non-state actors develop governance institutions as an alternative to the state, this can lead to negative development effects through lasting norms of distrust of out-groups.
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"This volume includes seven chapters that examine the phenomenon of childhood exposure to violence from a variety of perspectives. Chapter One discusses some of the main behavioral problems of students in the school context such as bullying among peers, including the causes and mitigation strategies of such behaviors. Chapter Two proposes a conceptual framework to include youth exposure as victims of or witnesses to different types of interpersonal violence. Chapter Three details the repercussions of childhood exposure to domestic violence on human development. Chapter Four investigates the characteristics of victims of child-to-parent violence. Chapter Five examines the role that time perspective, particularly the orientation towards the future, and expectations play in the relationship between adverse past experiences of adolescents in residential care and their involvement in risky behaviors. Chapter Six includes the results of a study on the phenomenon of parental alienation in Brazil. Finally, Chapter Seven analyzes domestic violence cases reported to Portuguese police forces in the context of exposure of children to domestic violence"--
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This how-to note provides guiding principles and practical strategies for integrating Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) prevention and response into sectoral World Bank projects. The note addresses the increasing demand for clear guidance on how to practically address VAWG prevention and response in World Bank Group (WBG) sectoral projects in which VAWG is not a specific programmatic component. Specifically, it draws on existing VAWG-related guidance to provide proactive entry points for preventing and/or responding to VAWG. However, this note does not focus on the actions to mitigate and respond to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) and Sexual Harassment (SH) involved in major civil works. The process to screen projects and formulate SEA/SH mitigating actions is spelled out in the World Bank's Environmental and Social Framework guidelines and related guidance notes. The WBG provides financing to a broad range of sectors that can be leveraged to address VAWG prevention and response gaps and change harmful gender norms that lead to VAWG in different settings, such as in the legal framework, national and sectoral policies, institutions, communities, and beneficiaries. The WBG's twin goals of ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity demand no less than the women's full and equal participation. Reducing violence against women will help expand women's agency, their ability to make decisions and take advantage of opportunities, which is key to improving women's lives as well as the lives of their children and future generations.
Violence --- Prevention.
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School violence --- School violence. --- Prevention. --- Student violence --- Violence in schools --- Violence --- School vandalism --- Students --- Crimes against
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Intimate partner violence. --- Domestic violence --- IPV (Intimate partner violence) --- Partner violence, Intimate --- Violence
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L'amour et l'amitié ne devraient évidemment, en principe, pas entretenir de rapport avec le harcèlement et les comportements d'agressivité qu'il suppose. Mais voilà, chez l'être humain, tout est décidément bien complexe et lorsque les jeux de l'amour se mêlent à des jeux de pouvoir, un noble sentiment peut très bien s'emmêler d'intentions diaboliques. Lorsque celui qui est épris ressent l'impression de vivre sous emprise, lorsque celui qui est aimé éprouve le sentiment de gouverner un empire ou lorsque celui qui aime éprouve son affection comme une véritable aliénation, alors l'amour ou l'amitié se transforme en véritable piège pour celui qui y succombe. Ce livre permet d'identifier ces états affectifs contaminés par les rapports de pouvoir, gangrénés par des relations de domination et rendus invivables par des liens d'autorité vécus comme aliénants. Il propose des grilles d'analyse pratiques par lesquelles il devient possible de nommer ce que l'on vit, d'identifier précisément ce que l'on subit pour se donner surtout les moyens de s'en affranchir en rendant ainsi à l'amour et à l'amitié ses lettres de noblesse qui en font les plus belles conquêtes de l'esprit humain.
Harcèlement. --- Violence psychologique. --- Violence conjugale. --- Marital violence. --- Stalking.
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Family violence --- Intimate partner violence --- Marital violence --- Prevention.
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La violence entre partenaires intimes est devenue au cours des dernières décennies, et plus encore au cours des dernières années, un défi sociétal majeur et un enjeu de plus en plus important dans les débats publics, politiques, académiques ou professionnels.Cet ouvrage résulte directement des travaux menés dans le cadre d’une recherche financée par la politique scientifique belge (BELSPO) dans le cadre du programme BRAIN-be (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks). L’objectif de ce projet était défini comme double : (1) étudier l’impact du phénomène « violences entre partenaires intimes » (Intimate Partner Violence ou IPV), les dynamiques au sein de ces violences de même que les processus qui permettent d’en sortir et (2) de façon conjointe, d’étudier également les politiques publiques développées en la matière, ceci dans un contexte de multi-gouvernance avec l’élaboration depuis 2001 des Plans d’Action Nationaux.Le présent Cahier aborde la question de manière plurielle et pluridisciplinaire au travers d'analyses d'entretiens avec des professionnels des secteurs concernés, des victimes et auteurs de violences entre partenaires, d'une analyse de dossiers judiciaires, d'analyses statistiques sociodémographiques, d'une mise en perspective historique et enfin d’une vaste enquête de validation auprès des professionnels.
Women --- Femmes --- Family violence --- Violence familiale --- Abuse of --- Violence envers --- Marital violence --- Violence entre conjoints --- Criminologie. --- Violence conjugale.
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