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Artificial insemination. --- Livestock --- Animal biotechnology. --- Spermatozoa. --- Animals --- Domestic animals --- Livestock biotechnology --- Agricultural biotechnology --- AI (Artificial insemination) --- Artificial impregnation --- Impregnation, Artificial --- Insemination, Artificial --- Instrumental insemination --- Animal breeding --- Reproductive technology --- Biotechnology --- Artificial insemination --- Ramaderia --- Espermatozoides --- Inseminació artificial

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Azoospermia, defined as the absence of sperm in the ejaculate after examination of the centrifuged specimens, affects about 1% of the male population and 10–15% of infertile men. In about two-thirds of cases, this is caused by severe spermatogenic dysfunction, and it is commonly termed “nonobstructive azoospermia” (NOA) to differentiate it from the less severe form of azoospermia caused by the obstruction of the seminal tract (obstructive azoospermia—OA), the latter affecting the remaining one-third of cases. Managing patients with NOA is challenging due to the severity of spermatogenic dysfunction and the lack of medical treatments, with surgical retrieval of testicular sperm being the only way of enabling some of these patients to father their own biological children. In-depth clinical knowledge is key for supporting clinical reasoning and decision making when counselling patients with NOA, and surgical skill is required to maximize the outcome of surgical procedures that aim to retrieve testicular sperm. The present book is a collection of scientific papers published in a Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine, authored by some of the most influential researchers in the field. The Special Issue, and thus also this book, were conceived to provide early career reproductive urologists and endocrinologists with an update of the scientific evidence in the field, together with surgical tips.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- nonobstructive azoospermia --- micro-TESE --- FSH treatment --- hormonal treatment --- testosterone level --- microdissection testicular sperm extraction --- non-obstructive azoospermia --- management --- infertility --- intracytoplasmic sperm injection --- testicular azoospermia --- sperm selection --- sperm --- cryopreservation --- in vitro maturation --- azoospermia --- diagnosis --- male infertility --- spermatogenic failure --- testis biopsy --- sperm retrieval --- genetic testing --- endocrine evaluation --- review --- hypogonadism --- Sertoli cell-only syndrome --- testicular spermatozoa --- processing --- microfluidics --- new technologies --- genetics --- exome --- WES --- Y chromosome --- cancer --- NOA --- genes --- general health --- ICSI --- offspring health --- microTESE --- prediction model --- nonobstructive azoospermia --- micro-TESE --- FSH treatment --- hormonal treatment --- testosterone level --- microdissection testicular sperm extraction --- non-obstructive azoospermia --- management --- infertility --- intracytoplasmic sperm injection --- testicular azoospermia --- sperm selection --- sperm --- cryopreservation --- in vitro maturation --- azoospermia --- diagnosis --- male infertility --- spermatogenic failure --- testis biopsy --- sperm retrieval --- genetic testing --- endocrine evaluation --- review --- hypogonadism --- Sertoli cell-only syndrome --- testicular spermatozoa --- processing --- microfluidics --- new technologies --- genetics --- exome --- WES --- Y chromosome --- cancer --- NOA --- genes --- general health --- ICSI --- offspring health --- microTESE --- prediction model

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Rabbit livestock is especially important in the Mediterranean area and in the semi-arid zones of Africa, Asia, and America, representing a valuable alternative source of good animal protein of high quality (low fat and low cholesterol). However, rabbit husbandry should adapt to be a competitive and sustainable sector. In addition, it must maintain a balance between rabbit welfare, customer demands, and breeder requirements. Then, improvement in breeding systems is needed and may involve avoiding hormones and antibiotics in rabbit management; enhancing the efficiency of reproductive procedures such as artificial insemination systems and freezing of semen and embryos; extending the productive lifespan of does; improving genetic selection systems; and adjusting nutritional systems to optimize the physiological status of animals and the immune response. This Special Issue concerns all these challenges in increasing rabbit productivity and sustainability.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Animals & society --- Oryctolagus cuniculus --- SNPs --- SLAF-seq --- genome-wide association study --- growth trait --- myeloperoxidase --- lysozyme --- rabbits --- viral infection --- rabbit hemorrhagic disease --- goji berries --- rabbit --- insulin resistance --- leptin --- non-esterified fatty acids --- pregnancy --- lactation --- body condition score --- principal component analysis --- gene expression --- endometrium --- oviduct --- spermatozoa --- seminal plasma --- inflammation --- angiogenesis --- corpus luteum --- reproduction --- genomic selection --- imputation --- litter size --- genomic simulation --- artificial insemination --- antibiotics --- antibacterial activity --- semen quality --- reproductive performance --- sperm quality --- cryopreservation --- animal model --- assisted reproductive technology --- CTSS --- granulosa cells --- proliferation --- apoptosis --- hormone secretion --- body composition --- fertility --- kits born alive --- rabbit does --- feed intake --- free tri-iodothyronine --- thyroxine --- insulin --- glucose --- corticosterone --- NEFA --- fetus --- placenta

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Rabbit livestock is especially important in the Mediterranean area and in the semi-arid zones of Africa, Asia, and America, representing a valuable alternative source of good animal protein of high quality (low fat and low cholesterol). However, rabbit husbandry should adapt to be a competitive and sustainable sector. In addition, it must maintain a balance between rabbit welfare, customer demands, and breeder requirements. Then, improvement in breeding systems is needed and may involve avoiding hormones and antibiotics in rabbit management; enhancing the efficiency of reproductive procedures such as artificial insemination systems and freezing of semen and embryos; extending the productive lifespan of does; improving genetic selection systems; and adjusting nutritional systems to optimize the physiological status of animals and the immune response. This Special Issue concerns all these challenges in increasing rabbit productivity and sustainability.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Animals & society --- Oryctolagus cuniculus --- SNPs --- SLAF-seq --- genome-wide association study --- growth trait --- myeloperoxidase --- lysozyme --- rabbits --- viral infection --- rabbit hemorrhagic disease --- goji berries --- rabbit --- insulin resistance --- leptin --- non-esterified fatty acids --- pregnancy --- lactation --- body condition score --- principal component analysis --- gene expression --- endometrium --- oviduct --- spermatozoa --- seminal plasma --- inflammation --- angiogenesis --- corpus luteum --- reproduction --- genomic selection --- imputation --- litter size --- genomic simulation --- artificial insemination --- antibiotics --- antibacterial activity --- semen quality --- reproductive performance --- sperm quality --- cryopreservation --- animal model --- assisted reproductive technology --- CTSS --- granulosa cells --- proliferation --- apoptosis --- hormone secretion --- body composition --- fertility --- kits born alive --- rabbit does --- feed intake --- free tri-iodothyronine --- thyroxine --- insulin --- glucose --- corticosterone --- NEFA --- fetus --- placenta --- Oryctolagus cuniculus --- SNPs --- SLAF-seq --- genome-wide association study --- growth trait --- myeloperoxidase --- lysozyme --- rabbits --- viral infection --- rabbit hemorrhagic disease --- goji berries --- rabbit --- insulin resistance --- leptin --- non-esterified fatty acids --- pregnancy --- lactation --- body condition score --- principal component analysis --- gene expression --- endometrium --- oviduct --- spermatozoa --- seminal plasma --- inflammation --- angiogenesis --- corpus luteum --- reproduction --- genomic selection --- imputation --- litter size --- genomic simulation --- artificial insemination --- antibiotics --- antibacterial activity --- semen quality --- reproductive performance --- sperm quality --- cryopreservation --- animal model --- assisted reproductive technology --- CTSS --- granulosa cells --- proliferation --- apoptosis --- hormone secretion --- body composition --- fertility --- kits born alive --- rabbit does --- feed intake --- free tri-iodothyronine --- thyroxine --- insulin --- glucose --- corticosterone --- NEFA --- fetus --- placenta