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On a trop tendance à plaquer sur les vies pauvres la grille de l’homme économique et, en les appréhendant seulement à partir de l’aisance matérielle, du travail et des loisirs, à n’y voir ainsi que des vies en défaut, des vies de manque Il y a urgence à constituer une histoire de la pauvreté en tant que telle et non, comme trop souvent, à se contenter d’une construction de pensée établie par les riches pour éteindre toute volonté de contestation par les pauvres de l’ordre social établi. Il n’est plus question ici de ne penser la pauvreté qu’en termes de gouvernement des pauvres dans un scénario alternant guerres contre la pauvreté et guerres contre les pauvres. Au contraire, par le style de vie qu’elle porte, la pauvreté doit être requalifiée et, avec elle, les pauvres eux-mêmes, puisqu’ils sont aujourd’hui les seuls à même de nous montrer le chemin de la sobriété, seul avenir possible pour l’humanité.

Poverty

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The eradication of poverty, which was the first of the millennium development goals (MDG) established by the United Nations and followed by the sustainable development goals (SDG), requires knowing where the poor are located. Traditionally, household surveys are considered the best source of information on the living standards of a country's population. Data from these surveys typically provide a sufficiently accurate direct estimate of household expenditures or income and thus estimates of poverty at the national level and larger international regions. However, when one starts to disaggregate data by local areas or population subgroups, the quality of these direct estimates diminishes. Consequently, national statistical offices (NSOs) cannot provide reliable wellbeing statistical figures at a local level. For example, the module of socioeconomic conditions of the Mexican national survey of household income and expenditure (ENIGH) is designed to produce estimates of poverty and inequality at the national level and for the 32 federate entities (31 states and Mexico City) with disaggregation by rural and urban zones, every two years, but there is a mandate to produce estimates by municipality every five years, and the ENIGH alone cannot provide estimates for all municipalities with adequate precision. This makes monitoring progress toward the sustainable development goals more difficult.

Poverty.

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The Survey of Well-being via Instant and Frequent Tracking (SWIFT) program was created in 2014 to produce poverty statistics cost-effectively, timely, and in a user-friendly manner. Under the SWIFT program, poverty rates are estimated by (i) training a poverty rate projection model on a previous household budget survey, (ii) collecting data in the field on identified poverty correlates, and (iii) applying the model to collected data to produce poverty projections. The SWIFT program has expanded since 2014 and now includes a wide variety of activities, namely, aiding in estimating official poverty statistics and monitoring poverty outcomes of lending operations and investment projects in over 50 countries. One key advantage of the SWIFT methodology is the significantly shorter interview time compared to the surveys used in traditional poverty data collection. In 2015, the SWIFT program prepared a guideline for using the SWIFT methodology to ensure the quality and precision of poverty estimation under the program. The guideline includes a set of recommendations on data collection and poverty projection. This report documents the performance evaluation and possible modifications of the SWIFT poverty projection methods since 2015. It critically evaluates the SWIFT poverty projection method proposed by the 2015 guideline, identifies limitations, and introduces several remedies - SWIFT Plus and SWIFT 2.0 - with their evaluations. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 reviews the literature, Section 3 describes the SWIFT methodology, Section 4 discusses challenges for SWIFT and the solutions, Section 5 explores future research topics, and Section 6 concludes.

Poverty.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina faces significant labor market challenges. While recovering from the COVID-19 crisis, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is struggling with persistent unemployment and a predicted rise in poverty. To further reduce the incidence of poverty, measures to create more job opportunities for all BiH citizens must be complemented by an effective social protection framework. This note presents a situational analysis of the social protection system in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It assesses the extent to which the social protection system fulfills its purpose; it also proposes policy priorities as well as areas for reform in the short, medium, and long term. The remainder of the note is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews the country's main poverty and labor market outcomes; section 3 provides a brief overview of the social protection system; section 4 looks at non-contributory cash transfers to support the poor, the vulnerable and people with disabilities; section 5 examines social care services; section 6 analyzes pensions; section 7 explores employment and active labor market programs; section 8 reviews the social protection response to the COVID-19 pandemic; and section 9 concludes by identifying knowledge gaps and policy priorities for reform.

Poverty.

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The Country Program Evaluation (CPE) for Tanzania assesses the World Bank Group's effectiveness and relevance in its work to help Tanzania address its key development challenges. The CPE will encompass two Bank Group strategy periods covering fiscal years (FY)12-16 and FY18-22. The evaluation aims to inform the next Bank Group Country Partnership Framework for Tanzania.

Poverty.