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Industrial microbiology. --- Metals --- Metal ions. --- Microbiology. --- Ions --- Microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Biotechnology --- Industrial applications

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Analytical chemistry. --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytic chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Chemistry --- Ionic solutions. --- Solutions, Ionic --- Ions --- Solution (Chemistry)

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This Special Issue of "Nanostructural Materials with Rare Earth Ions: Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, Modification and Applications" is related to studies of nanometer-sized materials doped and co-doped with rare earth ions and the creation of periodically ordered nanostructures based on single nanoparticles. A small particle size implies a high sensitivity and selectivity. These new effects and possibilities are mainly due to the quantum effects resulting from the increasing ratio of surface-to-volume atoms in low-dimensional systems. An important factor in this context is the design and fabrication of nanocomponents displaying new functionalities and characteristics for the improvement of existing materials, including photonic materials, conductive materials, polymers and biocomposites. With this concept in mind, the aim of the Special Issue is to publish research on innovative materials and their applications.Topics to be covered in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following: Technology and applications of nanomaterials with rare earth ions; Advanced physicochemical properties, characterization and modification of nanomaterials with rare earth ions; Novel active materials, especially organic and inorganic materials, nanocrystalline materials, nanoceramics doped and co-doped with rare-earth ions with bio-related and emerging applications; Magnetic properties of nano-sized rare-earth compounds; Applications of nano-sized rare-earth-doped and co-doped optical materials.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- calcium hydroxyapatite nanopowders --- rare earth ions --- poly(L-lactide) --- nanocomposites --- twin screw extrusion --- SmS --- EuS --- semiconductor-metal transition --- structural properties --- piezoresistivity --- interdiffusion --- rare earths --- thin films --- diphosphates --- up-conversion --- theranostics --- β-tricalcium diphosphate(V) --- Ce3+ and Pr3+ ions co-doping --- poly(l-lactide) --- stem cells --- nanomaterials --- bone augmentation --- nanohydroxyapatite --- Cu2+ ions --- ozonated olive oil --- hydroxyapatite --- antimicrobial activity --- microorganisms --- spectroscopy --- nanocrystallites --- silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite --- Eu3+ and Sr2+ ion co-doping --- microwave-assisted hydrothermal method --- lanthanides --- luminescence --- nitrogen-rich ligand --- phosphate sensing --- quenching --- dental nanomaterials --- dental implants --- endodontics --- prosthetic --- ozone --- orthodontics --- brackets --- wires --- antimicrobial effect --- apatite --- europium ions --- cooper ions --- photoluminescence spectroscopy --- EPR spectroscopy --- n/a

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This Special Issue of "Nanostructural Materials with Rare Earth Ions: Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, Modification and Applications" is related to studies of nanometer-sized materials doped and co-doped with rare earth ions and the creation of periodically ordered nanostructures based on single nanoparticles. A small particle size implies a high sensitivity and selectivity. These new effects and possibilities are mainly due to the quantum effects resulting from the increasing ratio of surface-to-volume atoms in low-dimensional systems. An important factor in this context is the design and fabrication of nanocomponents displaying new functionalities and characteristics for the improvement of existing materials, including photonic materials, conductive materials, polymers and biocomposites. With this concept in mind, the aim of the Special Issue is to publish research on innovative materials and their applications.Topics to be covered in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following: Technology and applications of nanomaterials with rare earth ions; Advanced physicochemical properties, characterization and modification of nanomaterials with rare earth ions; Novel active materials, especially organic and inorganic materials, nanocrystalline materials, nanoceramics doped and co-doped with rare-earth ions with bio-related and emerging applications; Magnetic properties of nano-sized rare-earth compounds; Applications of nano-sized rare-earth-doped and co-doped optical materials.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- calcium hydroxyapatite nanopowders --- rare earth ions --- poly(L-lactide) --- nanocomposites --- twin screw extrusion --- SmS --- EuS --- semiconductor-metal transition --- structural properties --- piezoresistivity --- interdiffusion --- rare earths --- thin films --- diphosphates --- up-conversion --- theranostics --- β-tricalcium diphosphate(V) --- Ce3+ and Pr3+ ions co-doping --- poly(l-lactide) --- stem cells --- nanomaterials --- bone augmentation --- nanohydroxyapatite --- Cu2+ ions --- ozonated olive oil --- hydroxyapatite --- antimicrobial activity --- microorganisms --- spectroscopy --- nanocrystallites --- silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite --- Eu3+ and Sr2+ ion co-doping --- microwave-assisted hydrothermal method --- lanthanides --- luminescence --- nitrogen-rich ligand --- phosphate sensing --- quenching --- dental nanomaterials --- dental implants --- endodontics --- prosthetic --- ozone --- orthodontics --- brackets --- wires --- antimicrobial effect --- apatite --- europium ions --- cooper ions --- photoluminescence spectroscopy --- EPR spectroscopy --- calcium hydroxyapatite nanopowders --- rare earth ions --- poly(L-lactide) --- nanocomposites --- twin screw extrusion --- SmS --- EuS --- semiconductor-metal transition --- structural properties --- piezoresistivity --- interdiffusion --- rare earths --- thin films --- diphosphates --- up-conversion --- theranostics --- β-tricalcium diphosphate(V) --- Ce3+ and Pr3+ ions co-doping --- poly(l-lactide) --- stem cells --- nanomaterials --- bone augmentation --- nanohydroxyapatite --- Cu2+ ions --- ozonated olive oil --- hydroxyapatite --- antimicrobial activity --- microorganisms --- spectroscopy --- nanocrystallites --- silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite --- Eu3+ and Sr2+ ion co-doping --- microwave-assisted hydrothermal method --- lanthanides --- luminescence --- nitrogen-rich ligand --- phosphate sensing --- quenching --- dental nanomaterials --- dental implants --- endodontics --- prosthetic --- ozone --- orthodontics --- brackets --- wires --- antimicrobial effect --- apatite --- europium ions --- cooper ions --- photoluminescence spectroscopy --- EPR spectroscopy

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This book is a collation of articles published in the Special Issue "CESE-2019: Applications of Membranes" in the journal Sustainability. It contains a wide variety of topics such as the removal of trace organic contaminants using combined direct contact membrane distillation–UV photolysis; evaluating the feasibility of forward osmosis in diluting reverse osmosis concentrate; tailoring the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the separation and antifouling performance of thin-film composite polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane; enhancing the antibacterial properties of PVDF membrane by surface modification using TiO2 and silver nanoparticles; and reviews on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems and recent advances in the prediction of fouling in MBRs. The book is suitable for postgraduate students and researchers working in the field of membrane applications for treating aqueous solutions.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- membrane fouling --- influencing factors --- control method --- biofouling --- fertilizers --- flat sheet --- flux --- forward osmosis (FO) --- hollow fibre --- reverse osmosis (RO) --- polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) --- titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) --- silver nanoparticles (AgNP) --- antibacterial property --- antifouling property --- photodegradation --- membrane distillation --- halide ions --- nitrate ions --- carbonate ions --- humic acid --- trace organic contaminants --- dip-coating --- dyes --- membrane --- nanocomposite --- polyvinylidene fluoride --- titanium dioxide --- artificial neural network --- mathematical model --- membrane bioreactor --- fouling prediction --- n/a