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Women serving in the U.S. military are more likely to report mental health problems than men, including symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Women also experience much higher rates of sexual harassment, gender discrimination, and sexual assault than men. This report examines how unwanted gender-based experiences among military service members relate to differences in health. The authors find that, once experiences of gender discrimination, sexual harassment, and sexual assault are accounted for, gender differences in health are largely attenuated. That is, the vulnerability to physical and mental health problems among female service members appears to be highly correlated with these unwanted gender-based experiences. The results highlight the possible health benefits of improved prevention of gender discrimination, sexual harassment, and sexual assault, and they indicate the need to address the mental and physical health of service members exposed to these types of experiences.
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To better understand the circumstances surrounding sexual assault in the Army, RAND Arroyo Center researchers created descriptions of active-component soldiers' most serious sexual assault experiences using data from the 2016 and 2018 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty Members. In this report, researchers describe the most common types of behaviors that occurred, characteristics of alleged perpetrators, and times and places in which the experiences occurred. They also explore differences by gender, sexual orientation, and installation risk level. Nearly 90 percent of victims believed that the assault was committed for a sexual reason, and more than half indicated that the assault was meant to be abusive or humiliating. The typical perpetrator of victims' most serious sexual assault experiences was a male enlisted member of the military acting alone. Perpetrators were most often a military peer of the victim; perpetrators who were strangers to the victim were uncommon; and assaults by spouses, significant others, or family members were comparatively rare. Approximately two-thirds of victims' most serious experience of sexual assault occurred at a military installation. The authors found substantial differences by gender, especially in terms of the types of sexual assault behaviors victims experienced and in terms of the setting in which victims were sexually assaulted. The authors also found some evidence suggesting that sexual minorities-that is, individuals who identify with a sexual orientation other than heterosexual-may experience more-violent sexual assaults and more assaults that are meant to abuse, humiliate, haze, or bully, especially among men.
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National Guard Youth ChalleNGe is a residential, quasi-military program for young people ages 16 to 18 who are experiencing difficulty in traditional high school. This report covers the program years 2020-2021 and is the sixth in a series of annual reports that RAND Corporation researchers have issued over the course of two research projects. Each annual report supports the program's required annual report to Congress and documents the progress of participants who entered ChalleNGe during specific program years. In this report, the authors provide information on program participants in 2020-2021. The report also describes analyses in support of the Job ChalleNGe program. The analytic approach includes a synthesis of the existing literature, qualitative data collected from virtual site visits and interviews, and quantitative program data. Caveats to be considered include some documented inconsistencies in reported data across sites and the short-run nature of many of the metrics reported here. This report will be of interest to ChalleNGe program staff and to personnel providing oversight for the program; it may also be of interest to policymakers and researchers concerned with designing effective youth programs or determining appropriate metrics by which to track progress in youth programs.
High school dropouts --- Military education --- Residence and education --- Alternative schools --- Services for. --- Evaluation.
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