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Micro electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) is a thermo-electric and contactless process most suited for micro-manufacturing and high-precision machining, especially when difficult-to-cut materials, such as super alloys, composites, and electro conductive ceramics, are processed. Many industrial domains exploit this technology to fabricate highly demanding components, such as high-aspect-ratio micro holes for fuel injectors, high-precision molds, and biomedical parts.Moreover, the continuous trend towards miniaturization and high precision functional components boosted the development of control strategies and optimization methodologies specifically suited to address the challenges in micro- and nano-scale fabrication.This Special Issue showcases 12 research papers and a review article focusing on novel methodological developments on several aspects of micro electrical discharge machining: machinability studies of hard materials (TiNi shape memory alloys, Si3N4–TiN ceramic composite, ZrB2-based ceramics reinforced with SiC fibers and whiskers, tungsten-cemented carbide, Ti-6Al-4V alloy, duplex stainless steel, and cubic boron nitride), process optimization adopting different dielectrics or electrodes, characterization of mechanical performance of processed surface, process analysis, and optimization via discharge pulse-type discrimination, hybrid processes, fabrication of molds for inflatable soft microactuators, and implementation of low-cost desktop micro-EDM system.

Technology: general issues --- electrodischarge micromachining --- drilling --- cubic boron nitride --- foil queue microelectrode --- micro-EDM --- step effect --- tapered structure --- wire electrical discharge grinding (WEDG) --- micromoulding --- soft microrobotics --- electrical discharge machining (EDM) --- Tungsten cemented carbide (WC-Co) --- desktop micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) system --- cut-side micro-tool --- micro-holes --- EDM --- SR --- TWR --- PMEDM --- MRR --- electro-discharge treatment --- Ti-6Al-4V --- MWCNTs --- surface characterization --- wear resistance --- corrosion resistance --- composite 3D microelectrode --- diffusion bonding --- step --- 3D microstructure --- material processing --- DSS-2205 alloy --- electric-discharge machining --- surface integrity --- surface wettability --- ceramic composite --- micro-EDM milling --- pulse discrimination --- Micro-electro-discharge machining (μEDM) --- liquid-metal electrode --- Galinstan --- Zirconium Boride --- silicon carbide fibers --- silicon carbide whiskers --- advanced material --- TiNi shape memory alloy --- TiC powder --- surface modification --- microhardness --- electrochemical discharge machining --- laser machining --- glass --- micro-groove --- n/a

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Micro electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) is a thermo-electric and contactless process most suited for micro-manufacturing and high-precision machining, especially when difficult-to-cut materials, such as super alloys, composites, and electro conductive ceramics, are processed. Many industrial domains exploit this technology to fabricate highly demanding components, such as high-aspect-ratio micro holes for fuel injectors, high-precision molds, and biomedical parts.Moreover, the continuous trend towards miniaturization and high precision functional components boosted the development of control strategies and optimization methodologies specifically suited to address the challenges in micro- and nano-scale fabrication.This Special Issue showcases 12 research papers and a review article focusing on novel methodological developments on several aspects of micro electrical discharge machining: machinability studies of hard materials (TiNi shape memory alloys, Si3N4–TiN ceramic composite, ZrB2-based ceramics reinforced with SiC fibers and whiskers, tungsten-cemented carbide, Ti-6Al-4V alloy, duplex stainless steel, and cubic boron nitride), process optimization adopting different dielectrics or electrodes, characterization of mechanical performance of processed surface, process analysis, and optimization via discharge pulse-type discrimination, hybrid processes, fabrication of molds for inflatable soft microactuators, and implementation of low-cost desktop micro-EDM system.

electrodischarge micromachining --- drilling --- cubic boron nitride --- foil queue microelectrode --- micro-EDM --- step effect --- tapered structure --- wire electrical discharge grinding (WEDG) --- micromoulding --- soft microrobotics --- electrical discharge machining (EDM) --- Tungsten cemented carbide (WC-Co) --- desktop micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) system --- cut-side micro-tool --- micro-holes --- EDM --- SR --- TWR --- PMEDM --- MRR --- electro-discharge treatment --- Ti-6Al-4V --- MWCNTs --- surface characterization --- wear resistance --- corrosion resistance --- composite 3D microelectrode --- diffusion bonding --- step --- 3D microstructure --- material processing --- DSS-2205 alloy --- electric-discharge machining --- surface integrity --- surface wettability --- ceramic composite --- micro-EDM milling --- pulse discrimination --- Micro-electro-discharge machining (μEDM) --- liquid-metal electrode --- Galinstan --- Zirconium Boride --- silicon carbide fibers --- silicon carbide whiskers --- advanced material --- TiNi shape memory alloy --- TiC powder --- surface modification --- microhardness --- electrochemical discharge machining --- laser machining --- glass --- micro-groove --- n/a

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In recent years, we have assisted the remarkable growth in the use of functional polyesters. This book gathers novel research works dealing with the manufacturing and characterization of polyesters that have been functionalized by synthesis, copolymerization, additives (at micro- and nanoscale), surface modification, among other methodologies, to tailor desired properties in terms of mechanical, chemical, thermal, and barrier properties, biodegradation, and biocompatibility. Thus, Advances in Manufacturing and Characterization of Functional Polyesters will serve to guide a diverse audience of polymer scientists and engineers and provides an update of the “state-of-the-art” knowledge on functional polyesters.

Research & information: general --- poly(lactic acid), halloysite nanotubes --- mechanical characterization --- morphology --- thermal characterization --- bio-based --- poly(ethyelene terephthalate)-PET --- poly(amide) 1010-PA1010 --- mechanical properties --- compatibilization --- Xibond™ 920 --- PLA --- OLA --- impact modifier --- shape memory --- packaging applications --- isodimorphism --- random copolymers --- crystallization --- nucleation --- growth rate --- bio-PET --- r-PET --- chain extenders --- reactive extrusion --- secondary recycling --- food packaging --- recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) --- rPET --- Calcium terephthalate salts --- high performance nanocomposites --- flax --- green composites --- fiber pretreatment --- almond shell waste --- reinforcing --- polyester-based biocomposites --- physicochemical properties --- disintegration --- biopolymers composites --- MgO nanoparticles --- MgO whiskers --- in vitro degradation --- in vivo degradation --- P(3HB-co-3HHx) --- nHA --- nanocomposites --- bone reconstruction --- biomedical polymers --- hydroxyapatite --- halloysite --- Bayesian reconstruction --- homogeneity --- porous materials --- polyester fibrous materials --- copolyester --- dimensional stability --- flexible optical devices --- uniaxial stretching --- birefringence --- and barrier properties

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The present collection of articles focuses on the mechanical strength properties at micro- and nanoscale dimensions of body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed crystal structures. The advent of micro-pillar test specimens is shown to provide a new dimensional scale for the investigation of crystal deformation properties. The ultra-small dimensional scale at which these properties are measured is shown to approach the atomic-scale level at which model dislocation mechanics descriptions of crystal slip and deformation twinning behaviors are proposed to be operative, including the achievement of atomic force microscopic measurements of dislocation pile-up interactions with crystal grain boundaries or with hard surface coatings. A special advantage of engineering designs made at such small crystal and polycrystalline dimensions is the achievement of an approximate order-of-magnitude increase in mechanical strength levels. Reasonable extrapolation of macro-scale continuum mechanics descriptions of crystal strength properties at micro- to nano-indentation hardness measurements are demonstrated, in addition to reports on persistent slip band observations and fatigue cracking behaviors. High-entropy alloy, superalloy and energetic crystal properties are reported along with descriptions of deformation rate sensitivities, grain boundary structures, nano-cutting, void nucleation/growth micromechanics and micro-composite electrical properties.

Technology: general issues --- crystal strength --- micro-crystals --- nano-crystals --- nano-polycrystals --- nano-wires --- whiskers --- pillars --- dislocations --- hardness --- crystal size dependencies --- fracture --- strain rate sensitivity --- temperature effect --- indentation size effect --- theoretical model --- nano-indentation --- crack growth --- dislocation models --- pile-ups --- kitagawa-takahashi diagram --- fracture mechanics --- internal stresses --- molecular dynamics simulations --- BCC Fe nanowires --- twin boundaries --- de-twinning --- micromechanical testing --- micro-pillar --- bi-crystal --- discrete dislocation pile-up --- grain boundary --- free surface --- anisotropic elasticity --- crystallographic slip --- molecular dynamics --- nanocutting --- iron --- cutting theory --- ab initio calculations --- hydrogen embrittlement --- cohesive strength --- multiaxial loading --- strain rate --- molecular dynamics simulation --- activation volume --- grain growth --- indentation creep --- size effect --- geometrically necessary dislocations --- FeCrAl --- micropillar --- dislocation --- strain hardening --- crystal plasticity simulations --- persistent slip band --- surface hard coating --- fatigue crack initiation --- fatigue --- cyclic deformation --- internal stress --- copper single crystal --- rafting behavior --- phase-field simulation --- crystal plasticity theory --- mechanical property --- ultrafine-grained materials --- intermetallic compounds --- B2 phase --- strain hardening behavior --- synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction --- HMX --- elastic properties --- linear complexions --- strength --- lattice distortive transformations --- dislocation emission --- grain boundaries --- nanomaterials --- Hall-Petch relation --- metals and alloys --- interfacial delamination --- nucleation --- void formation --- cracking --- alloys --- nanocrystalline --- thermal stability --- IN718 alloy --- dislocation plasticity --- twinning --- miniaturised testing --- in situ electron microscopy --- magnesium --- anode --- tin sulfide --- lithium ion battery --- conversion reaction --- nanoflower --- rapid solidification --- compression

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The present collection of articles focuses on the mechanical strength properties at micro- and nanoscale dimensions of body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed crystal structures. The advent of micro-pillar test specimens is shown to provide a new dimensional scale for the investigation of crystal deformation properties. The ultra-small dimensional scale at which these properties are measured is shown to approach the atomic-scale level at which model dislocation mechanics descriptions of crystal slip and deformation twinning behaviors are proposed to be operative, including the achievement of atomic force microscopic measurements of dislocation pile-up interactions with crystal grain boundaries or with hard surface coatings. A special advantage of engineering designs made at such small crystal and polycrystalline dimensions is the achievement of an approximate order-of-magnitude increase in mechanical strength levels. Reasonable extrapolation of macro-scale continuum mechanics descriptions of crystal strength properties at micro- to nano-indentation hardness measurements are demonstrated, in addition to reports on persistent slip band observations and fatigue cracking behaviors. High-entropy alloy, superalloy and energetic crystal properties are reported along with descriptions of deformation rate sensitivities, grain boundary structures, nano-cutting, void nucleation/growth micromechanics and micro-composite electrical properties.

Technology: general issues --- crystal strength --- micro-crystals --- nano-crystals --- nano-polycrystals --- nano-wires --- whiskers --- pillars --- dislocations --- hardness --- crystal size dependencies --- fracture --- strain rate sensitivity --- temperature effect --- indentation size effect --- theoretical model --- nano-indentation --- crack growth --- dislocation models --- pile-ups --- kitagawa-takahashi diagram --- fracture mechanics --- internal stresses --- molecular dynamics simulations --- BCC Fe nanowires --- twin boundaries --- de-twinning --- micromechanical testing --- micro-pillar --- bi-crystal --- discrete dislocation pile-up --- grain boundary --- free surface --- anisotropic elasticity --- crystallographic slip --- molecular dynamics --- nanocutting --- iron --- cutting theory --- ab initio calculations --- hydrogen embrittlement --- cohesive strength --- multiaxial loading --- strain rate --- molecular dynamics simulation --- activation volume --- grain growth --- indentation creep --- size effect --- geometrically necessary dislocations --- FeCrAl --- micropillar --- dislocation --- strain hardening --- crystal plasticity simulations --- persistent slip band --- surface hard coating --- fatigue crack initiation --- fatigue --- cyclic deformation --- internal stress --- copper single crystal --- rafting behavior --- phase-field simulation --- crystal plasticity theory --- mechanical property --- ultrafine-grained materials --- intermetallic compounds --- B2 phase --- strain hardening behavior --- synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction --- HMX --- elastic properties --- linear complexions --- strength --- lattice distortive transformations --- dislocation emission --- grain boundaries --- nanomaterials --- Hall-Petch relation --- metals and alloys --- interfacial delamination --- nucleation --- void formation --- cracking --- alloys --- nanocrystalline --- thermal stability --- IN718 alloy --- dislocation plasticity --- twinning --- miniaturised testing --- in situ electron microscopy --- magnesium --- anode --- tin sulfide --- lithium ion battery --- conversion reaction --- nanoflower --- rapid solidification --- compression