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This open access book reports on methods and technologies to describe, evaluate and control uncertainty in mechanical engineering applications. It brings together contributions by engineers, mathematicians and legal experts, offering a multidisciplinary perspective on the main issues affecting uncertainty throughout the complete system lifetime, which includes process and product planning, development, production and usage. The book is based on the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering (ICUME 2021), organized by the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 805 of the TU Darmstadt, and held online on June 7–8, 2021. All in all, it offers a timely resource for researchers, graduate students and practitioners in the field of mechanical engineering, production engineering and engineering optimization.

Technical design --- Statistical physics --- Cybernetics & systems theory --- Production engineering --- Engineering Design --- Complex Systems --- Complexity --- Manufacturing, Machines, Tools, Processes --- Applied Dynamical Systems --- Machines, Tools, Processes --- Open Access Book --- Mastering Uncertainty by Digitalization --- Uncertainty in Manufacturing and Production --- Resilient Technical Systems --- Uncertainty Quantification --- Optimization Under Uncertainty --- Model Uncertainty --- Computer-Aided Design (CAD) --- Uncertain Operating Conditions --- Topology Optimization for Additive Manufacturing --- Predicting Vibroacoustic Behavior --- Uncertainty in Finite Element Models --- Imprecision in Data/Models --- Legal Uncertainty of Autonomous Systems --- Resilient Water Supply Systems --- Designing Technical Systems --- Collaborative Research Centre 805 --- SFB 805 --- Dynamics & statics

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Three-dimensional printing, or additive manufacturing, is an emerging manufacturing process. Research and development are being performed worldwide to provide a better understanding of the science and technology of 3D printing to make high-quality parts in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner. This book includes contemporary, unique, and impactful research on 3D printing from leading organizations worldwide.

Technology: general issues --- metal additive manufacturing --- directed energy deposition --- alloy design --- elemental powder mixture --- advanced materials --- composition control --- porosity --- additive technology --- SLM --- computer tomography --- additive manufacture --- SLM Ti-6Al-4V --- variability --- anisotropy --- fatigue crack growth --- Ti-6Al-4V alloy --- laser powder bed fusion --- powder bed temperature --- microstructure evolution --- mechanical properties --- additive manufacturing --- pore --- pulsed emission --- X-ray imaging --- non-spherical --- hydride-dehydride (HDH) Ti-6Al-4V powder --- post-process heat treatment --- microstructure --- ductile fracture --- stress state --- Ti-6Al-4V --- 316L stainless steel --- soft materials --- smart materials --- stretchable devices --- FRP --- 3D printing --- defense --- FDM --- topology optimization --- neural network --- neural style transfer --- binder jetting --- sands --- vacuum thermoforming --- fiber reinforced composite --- n/a

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Ultrasonic waves are nowadays used for multiple purposes including both low-intensity/high frequency and high-intensity/low-frequency ultrasound. Low-intensity ultrasound transmits energy through the medium in order to obtain information about the medium or to convey information through the medium. It is successfully used in non-destructive inspection, ultrasonic dynamic analysis, ultrasonic rheology, ultrasonic spectroscopy of materials, process monitoring, applications in civil engineering, aerospace and geological materials and structures, and in the characterization of biological media. Nowadays, it is an essential tool for assessing metals, plastics, aerospace composites, wood, concrete, and cement. High-intensity ultrasound deliberately affects the propagation medium through the high local temperatures and pressures generated. It is used in industrial processes such as welding, cleaning, emulsification, atomization, etc.; chemical reactions and reactor induced by ultrasonic waves; synthesis of organic and inorganic materials; microstructural effects; heat generation; accelerated material characterization by ultrasonic fatigue testing; food processing; and environmental protection. This book collects eleven papers, one review, and ten research papers with the aim to present recent advances in ultrasonic wave propagation applied for the characterization or the processing of materials. Both fundamental science and applications of ultrasound in the field of material characterization and material processing have been gathered.

ultrasonic lens --- axicon lens --- focused ultrasound --- transcranial ultrasound --- non-destructive inspection --- damage identification --- topology optimization --- ultrasonic wave propagation --- ultrasonic visualization --- L-shaped ultrasonic wave guide rod --- ultrasonic bending vibration --- 2A14 aluminum alloy --- solidification structure --- composition segregation --- 1060 aluminum alloy --- twin-roll casting --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- concrete --- mesostructure --- Lamb wave --- heterogeneity --- Monte Carlo method --- SHM --- ultrasound --- time of flight --- reinforcement --- resin transfer molding (RTM) --- permeability --- liquid composite molding --- material characterization --- composite manufacturing --- liquid penetration --- ultrasound transmission --- capillary penetration --- porous sheets --- bulk metallic glass --- ultrasonic assisted turning --- finite element analysis --- cutting force --- guided waves --- setting time --- mortar and concrete --- early age --- thermoplastic composites --- ultrasonic joints --- resistance heating --- elastography --- viscoelastic properties --- creep --- stress relaxation --- n/a

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In recent years, the requirements for technical components have steadily been increasing. This development is intensified by the desire for products with a lower weight, smaller size, and extended functionality, but also with a higher resistance against specific stresses. Mono-material components, which are produced by established processes, feature limited properties according to their respective material characteristics. Thus, a significant increase in production quality and efficiency can only be reached by combining different materials in a hybrid metal component. In this way, components with tailored properties can be manufactured that meet the locally varying requirements. Through the local use of different materials within a component, for example, the weight or the use of expensive alloying elements can be reduced. The aim of this Special Issue is to cover the recent progress and new developments regarding all aspects of hybrid bulk metal components. This includes fundamental questions regarding the joining, forming, finishing, simulation, and testing of hybrid metal parts.

Technology: general issues --- tailored forming --- bulk metal forming --- geometry measurement --- wrought-hot objects --- turning --- process monitoring --- feeling machine --- benchmark --- lateral angular co-extrusion --- mechanical behavior --- hybrid metal components --- ultrasound --- laser beam welding --- excitation methods --- melt pool dynamics --- nickel base alloy 2.4856 --- membrane mode enhanced cohesive zone elements --- damage --- joining zone --- cross-wedge rolling --- welding --- PTA --- LMD-W --- forming --- rolling --- coating --- hybrid bearing --- residual stresses --- X-ray diffraction --- rolling contact fatigue --- bearing fatigue life --- AISI 52100 --- plasma transferred arc welding --- residual stress --- scanning acoustic microscopy --- hybrid components --- bevel gears --- hot forging --- process-integrated heat treatment --- air-water spray cooling --- self-tempering --- aluminum-steel compound --- intermetallic phases --- co-extrusion --- nanoindentation --- multi-material --- IZEO --- topology optimization --- computer-aided engineering environment --- GPDA --- manufacturing restrictions --- composites --- HSHPT --- nano multilayers --- Ni-Ti --- SPD --- friction welding --- surface geometry modification

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Ultrasonic waves are nowadays used for multiple purposes including both low-intensity/high frequency and high-intensity/low-frequency ultrasound. Low-intensity ultrasound transmits energy through the medium in order to obtain information about the medium or to convey information through the medium. It is successfully used in non-destructive inspection, ultrasonic dynamic analysis, ultrasonic rheology, ultrasonic spectroscopy of materials, process monitoring, applications in civil engineering, aerospace and geological materials and structures, and in the characterization of biological media. Nowadays, it is an essential tool for assessing metals, plastics, aerospace composites, wood, concrete, and cement. High-intensity ultrasound deliberately affects the propagation medium through the high local temperatures and pressures generated. It is used in industrial processes such as welding, cleaning, emulsification, atomization, etc.; chemical reactions and reactor induced by ultrasonic waves; synthesis of organic and inorganic materials; microstructural effects; heat generation; accelerated material characterization by ultrasonic fatigue testing; food processing; and environmental protection. This book collects eleven papers, one review, and ten research papers with the aim to present recent advances in ultrasonic wave propagation applied for the characterization or the processing of materials. Both fundamental science and applications of ultrasound in the field of material characterization and material processing have been gathered.

Technology: general issues --- ultrasonic lens --- axicon lens --- focused ultrasound --- transcranial ultrasound --- non-destructive inspection --- damage identification --- topology optimization --- ultrasonic wave propagation --- ultrasonic visualization --- L-shaped ultrasonic wave guide rod --- ultrasonic bending vibration --- 2A14 aluminum alloy --- solidification structure --- composition segregation --- 1060 aluminum alloy --- twin-roll casting --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- concrete --- mesostructure --- Lamb wave --- heterogeneity --- Monte Carlo method --- SHM --- ultrasound --- time of flight --- reinforcement --- resin transfer molding (RTM) --- permeability --- liquid composite molding --- material characterization --- composite manufacturing --- liquid penetration --- ultrasound transmission --- capillary penetration --- porous sheets --- bulk metallic glass --- ultrasonic assisted turning --- finite element analysis --- cutting force --- guided waves --- setting time --- mortar and concrete --- early age --- thermoplastic composites --- ultrasonic joints --- resistance heating --- elastography --- viscoelastic properties --- creep --- stress relaxation --- n/a