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This book analyses a corpus of epic and propagandistic texts written at the margins of the Spanish empire in the 16th century. It examines the representation of religious conflict in England, Germany and Holland during the reigns of Charles V and Philip II, centring on three episodes widely disseminated in European visual and emotional culture and around which certain foundational Spanish heroic narratives emerged: the martyrdom of the Carthusians and Jesuits in England; the Schmalkaldic War; and the siege of Antwerp. The volume considers the close relationships between epic and history; between epic and visual culture; and between Hispanic epic poetry and the history and religious cartography of Europe during the critical years in which the Anglican Church was evolvingand Lutheranism gaining strength in Germany.

Europe --- Religion --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Epic poetry, Spanish --- Religion in literature. --- War --- History and criticism --- Religious aspects. --- History and criticism. --- LITERARY CRITICISM / European / Spanish & Portuguese. --- Anglicanism. --- Lutheranism. --- cultural representation. --- religious conflict. --- sixteenth-century Spanish epic poetry.

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Tsar Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV, 1533-1584) is one of the most controversial rulers in Russian history, infamous for his cruelty. He was the first Russian ruler to use mass terror as a political instrument, and the only Russian ruler to do so before Stalin. Comparisons of Ivan to Stalin only exacerbated the politicization of his image. Russians have never agreed on his role in Russian history, but his reign is too important to ignore. Since the abolition of censorship in 1991 professional historians and amateurs have grappled with this problem. Some authors have manipulated that image to serve political and cultural agendas. This book explores Russia’s contradictory historic al memory of Ivan in scholarly, pedagogical and political publications.

Collective memory --- Ivan --- Stalin, Joseph, --- In literature. --- In motion pictures. --- Russia. --- Historiography. --- Russia --- Muscovy (Grand Duchy) --- History --- Ivan IV Vasilyevich. --- Joseph Stalin. --- Moscow. --- Muscovy. --- Pavel Lungin. --- Sergei Eisenstein. --- Slavic studies. --- canonization. --- cultural memory. --- film. --- historiography. --- history. --- oprichnina. --- politics. --- post-Soviet. --- sixteenth century. --- tsarist Russia. --- warfare.