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Biotechnology. --- Separation (Technology) --- Liquids. --- Fluids --- Permeability --- Polywater --- Analytical chemistry --- Chemistry, Technical --- Technology --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Chemical separations --- Separation processes --- Separation science --- Separation technologies --- Separations, Chemical
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Osmosis. --- Fluids --- Gases --- Separation (Technology) --- Absorption (Physiology) --- Permeability --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Analytical chemistry --- Chemistry, Technical --- Technology --- Chemical separations --- Separation processes --- Separation science --- Separation technologies --- Separations, Chemical
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This Book serves to highlight the mechanisms related to the low intestinal drug absorption, the strategies to overcome the obstacles or intestinal drug absorption, and in situ, in vitro, and in silico methodologies to predict to intestinal drug absorption. This Book presents a series of drug absorption studies and related technologies that predict intestinal permeation of drugs that govern the pharmacokinetic features of therapeutic drugs. It also contains the mechanistic understanding regarding the first-pass metabolism and intestinal efflux that modulate the pharmacokinetics of drug and suggest the formulation strategies to enhance the bioavailability of investigated drugs.
Medicine --- Pharmaceutical industries --- rebamipide --- nanocrystals --- oral mucositis --- hydrogel --- endocytosis --- enoxaparin --- lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles --- oral --- intestinal absorption --- naftidrofuryl oxalate --- solubility --- permeability --- dissolution profiles --- pharmaceutical availability --- BCS drug classification --- non-sink condition --- solubility–permeability interplay --- unstirred water layer --- poorly soluble drugs --- solubilizer additive --- phenylketonuria --- l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase --- enzyme --- kinetics --- catabolism disorder --- biomedical drug --- P-glycoprotein --- breast cancer resistance protein --- LY335979 --- WK-X-34 --- in vivo–in vitro correlation --- lipolysis-permeation --- lipid-based drug delivery system --- PermeaPad --- cinnarizine --- lipolysis --- amorphous solid dispersion --- candesartan Cilexetil --- PVPK30 --- pH-modulation --- spray drying --- bioavailability --- nasal administration --- spray-drying --- chitosan --- microsphere --- meloxicam --- silymarin --- D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) --- liver distribution --- acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity --- extra virgin olive oil --- secoiridoids --- metabolism --- phenolic compounds --- intestinal permeability --- drug-phytochemical interaction --- hepatic metabolism --- mixed inhibition --- quercetin --- repaglinide --- rebamipide --- nanocrystals --- oral mucositis --- hydrogel --- endocytosis --- enoxaparin --- lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles --- oral --- intestinal absorption --- naftidrofuryl oxalate --- solubility --- permeability --- dissolution profiles --- pharmaceutical availability --- BCS drug classification --- non-sink condition --- solubility–permeability interplay --- unstirred water layer --- poorly soluble drugs --- solubilizer additive --- phenylketonuria --- l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase --- enzyme --- kinetics --- catabolism disorder --- biomedical drug --- P-glycoprotein --- breast cancer resistance protein --- LY335979 --- WK-X-34 --- in vivo–in vitro correlation --- lipolysis-permeation --- lipid-based drug delivery system --- PermeaPad --- cinnarizine --- lipolysis --- amorphous solid dispersion --- candesartan Cilexetil --- PVPK30 --- pH-modulation --- spray drying --- bioavailability --- nasal administration --- spray-drying --- chitosan --- microsphere --- meloxicam --- silymarin --- D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) --- liver distribution --- acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity --- extra virgin olive oil --- secoiridoids --- metabolism --- phenolic compounds --- intestinal permeability --- drug-phytochemical interaction --- hepatic metabolism --- mixed inhibition --- quercetin --- repaglinide
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This Book serves to highlight the mechanisms related to the low intestinal drug absorption, the strategies to overcome the obstacles or intestinal drug absorption, and in situ, in vitro, and in silico methodologies to predict to intestinal drug absorption. This Book presents a series of drug absorption studies and related technologies that predict intestinal permeation of drugs that govern the pharmacokinetic features of therapeutic drugs. It also contains the mechanistic understanding regarding the first-pass metabolism and intestinal efflux that modulate the pharmacokinetics of drug and suggest the formulation strategies to enhance the bioavailability of investigated drugs.
rebamipide --- nanocrystals --- oral mucositis --- hydrogel --- endocytosis --- enoxaparin --- lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles --- oral --- intestinal absorption --- naftidrofuryl oxalate --- solubility --- permeability --- dissolution profiles --- pharmaceutical availability --- BCS drug classification --- non-sink condition --- solubility–permeability interplay --- unstirred water layer --- poorly soluble drugs --- solubilizer additive --- phenylketonuria --- l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase --- enzyme --- kinetics --- catabolism disorder --- biomedical drug --- P-glycoprotein --- breast cancer resistance protein --- LY335979 --- WK-X-34 --- in vivo–in vitro correlation --- lipolysis-permeation --- lipid-based drug delivery system --- PermeaPad --- cinnarizine --- lipolysis --- amorphous solid dispersion --- candesartan Cilexetil --- PVPK30 --- pH-modulation --- spray drying --- bioavailability --- nasal administration --- spray-drying --- chitosan --- microsphere --- meloxicam --- silymarin --- D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) --- liver distribution --- acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity --- extra virgin olive oil --- secoiridoids --- metabolism --- phenolic compounds --- intestinal permeability --- drug-phytochemical interaction --- hepatic metabolism --- mixed inhibition --- quercetin --- repaglinide
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This book explores computational fluid dynamics applied to ship hydrodynamics and provides guidelines for the future developments in the field based on the Tokyo 2015 Workshop. It presents ship hull test cases, experimental data and submitted computational methods, conditions, grids and results. Analysis is made of errors for global (resistance, sinkage, trim and self-propulsion) and local flow (wave elevations, mean velocities and turbulence) variables, including standard deviations for global variables. The effects of grid size and turbulence models are evaluated for both global and local flow variables. Detailed analysis is made of turbulence modeling capabilities for capturing local flow physics. Errors and standard deviations are also assessed for added resistance (captive test cases) and course keeping/speed loss (free running test cases) in head and oblique waves. All submissions are used to evaluate the error and uncertainty by means of a systematic verification and validation (V&V) study along with statistical investigations.
Fluid mechanics. --- Fluids. --- Automotive engineering. --- Oceanography. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Automotive Engineering. --- Hydraulics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Ocean --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Ships --- Stability of ships --- Hydrodynamics --- Ships' stability --- Naval architecture
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This book provides a comprehensive overview of statistical descriptions of turbulent flows. Its main objectives are to point out why ordinary perturbative treatments of the Navier–Stokes equation have been rather futile, and to present recent advances in non-perturbative treatments, e.g., the instanton method and a stochastic interpretation of turbulent energy transfer. After a brief introduction to the basic equations of turbulent fluid motion, the book outlines a probabilistic treatment of the Navier–Stokes equation and chiefly focuses on the emergence of a multi-point hierarchy and the notion of the closure problem of turbulence. Furthermore, empirically observed multiscaling features and their impact on possible closure methods are discussed, and each is put into the context of its original field of use, e.g., the renormalization group method is addressed in relation to the theory of critical phenomena. The intended readership consists of physicists and engineers who want to get acquainted with the prevalent concepts and methods in this research area.
Computational complexity. --- Vibration. --- Dynamical systems. --- Dynamics. --- Statistical physics. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Fluids. --- Complexity. --- Vibration, Dynamical Systems, Control. --- Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos Theory. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Cycles --- Sound --- Complexity, Computational --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- Hydraulics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Mathematical statistics --- Statistical methods --- Turbulence --- Mathematical models.
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This self-contained, interdisciplinary book encompasses mathematics, physics, computer programming, analytical solutions and numerical modelling, industrial computational fluid dynamics (CFD), academic benchmark problems and engineering applications in conjunction with the research field of anisotropic turbulence. It focuses on theoretical approaches, computational examples and numerical simulations to demonstrate the strength of a new hypothesis and anisotropic turbulence modelling approach for academic benchmark problems and industrially relevant engineering applications. This book contains MATLAB codes, and C programming language based User-Defined Function (UDF) codes which can be compiled in the ANSYS-FLUENT environment. The computer codes help to understand and use efficiently a new concept which can also be implemented in any other software packages. The simulation results are compared to classical analytical solutions and experimental data taken from the literature. A particular attention is paid to how to obtain accurate results within a reasonable computational time for wide range of benchmark problems. The provided examples and programming techniques help graduate and postgraduate students, engineers and researchers to further develop their technical skills and knowledge.
Fluid mechanics. --- Fluids. --- Computer simulation. --- Computer mathematics. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Simulation and Modeling. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Mathematics --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- Hydraulics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Turbulence --- Mathematical models. --- Flow, Turbulent --- Turbulent flow --- Fluid dynamics
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This book illustrates the computational framework based on knowledge of flow and mass transfer together with optimization techniques to solve problems relevant to micromixing technology. The authors provide a detailed analysis of the different numerical techniques applied to the design of micromixers. Flow and mixing analysis is based on both the Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches; relative advantages and disadvantages of the two methods and suitability to different types of mixing problems are analysed. The book also discusses the various facets of numerical schemes subjected to discretization errors and computational grid requirements. Since a large number of studies are based on commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) packages, relevant details of these packages to the mixing problem using them are presented. Numerical optimization techniques coupled with CFD analysis of flow and mixing have proved to be an important tool for micromixers design, and therefore, are an important part of the book. These techniques are presented briefly, and focus is on surrogate modeling and optimization applied to design of micromixers.
Amorphous substances. --- Complex fluids. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Fluids. --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Hydraulics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Amorphous substances --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter --- Mixing. --- Flow chemistry. --- Mass transfer. --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Thermodynamics --- Transport theory --- Chemical processes --- Fluid dynamics --- Blending --- Chemical engineering --- Hydrodynamics
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This book focuses on the mechanical properties and permeability of coal, and the gas flow in coal seams. Based on coal permeability models, it establishes different models for coal seam gas, from the linear flow model to the gas–solid coupling flow model. It also provides the theoretical basis for the exploitation and safe production of coal as well as coal seam gas resources. As such, it is a valuable reference for researchers, advanced students and practitioners working in mining engineering and coalbed methane engineering. .
Fossil fuels. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Civil engineering. --- Natural disasters. --- Fossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture). --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Civil Engineering. --- Natural Hazards. --- Natural calamities --- Disasters --- Engineering --- Public works --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Fossil energy --- Fuel --- Energy minerals --- Coal. --- Coal --- Mechanical properties. --- Permeability. --- Caustobioliths --- Fossil fuels
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Mechanical and hydraulic soil properties are strongly affected by the degree of saturation, with important consequences for earthen embankments, soil–vegetation–atmosphere interactions, geoenvironmental applications, and risk mitigation. The presence of sloping ground surfaces is common. In slightly inclined natural slopes, susceptible to deep landslides, the unsaturated condition of shallow soil horizons affects deep pore water pressures and, therefore, global stability. The stability of steep mountains covered by shallow deposits is often guaranteed by a shear strength contribution related to the unsaturated condition. In this case, the degree of saturation plays a key role in determining which rainfall events can act as landslide triggers, consequently controlling the post-failure evolution. Partial saturation is the basic characteristic of soils used as construction materials of geo-structures such as levees, dikes, and dams. It governs the structure behavior during construction phases, in serviceability, and in extreme scenarios. Hoping to provide a bridge between theoretical research and practical applications, this Special Issue collects quality contributions related to natural and artificial slopes under unsaturated conditions, focusing on aspects such as: water retention and transport properties, mechanical behavior, advances in experimental methods, laboratory and in situ characterization, field monitoring, geotechnical and geophysical field tests, landslide investigation and prevention, the design and maintenance of engineered slopes, and the constitutive and numerical modeling of hydro-mechanical behavior.
landslide --- soil slide --- LAMP --- soil water content --- soil moisture --- monitoring --- calibration --- installation --- rainfall --- debris flow --- in situ characterization --- triaxial tests --- unsaturated conditions --- unsaturated slope --- Ruedlingen field experiment --- lateral resistance --- limit equilibrium solution --- riverbank --- unsaturated soils --- water retention curve --- unsaturated permeability curve --- transient seepage --- slope stability --- pyroclastic soils --- infiltration --- capillary barriers --- stability analysis --- water retention --- suction --- silty sands --- commercial experimental techniques --- n/a
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