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Natural products or organic compounds isolated from natural sources as primary or secondary metabolites have inspired numerous drugs. It is not an overstatement that the majority of medicines in clinics, even in the 21st century, have been derived from natural resources despite the decline of industry research into natural products due to a variety of drawbacks. Saffron crocus, considered to be the most valuable spice by weight, and its bioactive constituents, have been studied for the treatment of a wide range of pathologies, including neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, diabetes, and even cardiovascular diseases. In this book on the chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential of Crocus sativus L. extract and its constituents, we aimed to assess new advances in the understanding of the therapeutic action of saffron and its constituents in targeting different pathologies. In this context, eight original research articles covering recent advances in the therapeutic actions of saffron and its ingredients in different diseases are reported. Two studies reporting novel methods regarding the bioanalysis of saffron extracts have been included. The collection is completed with two very interesting reviews reporting advances in the fields of schizophrenia and cancer. In conclusion, in this book, we are delighted to have received several contributions that we hope will provide new and interesting information for the scientific community on the chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential of Crocus sativus L. extract and its constituents.

Medicine --- saffron --- affron® --- depression --- anxiety --- antioxidant --- crocins --- glucose --- β-pancreatic cells --- insulin --- pck1 --- neuroprotective activity --- P2X7 receptor --- fraction --- flumazenil --- rat --- Crocus sativus --- cancer --- anticancer activity --- chemoprevention --- clinical trials --- patents --- anesthetic ketamine --- memory --- Crocus sativus L. --- schizophrenia --- crocetin --- pubertal testis --- X-rays --- radiotherapy --- fertility preservation --- SIRT1 --- HuR --- oxidative stress --- autophagy --- crocin --- picrocrocin --- safranal --- dietary supplement --- nutraceutical --- Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) --- reversed-phase UPLC --- metabolomics --- HR MS --- inflammatory bowel disease --- gut microbiota --- colitis --- cytokines --- colorectal cancer --- HCT116 --- MLH1 --- MSH3 --- DNA damage and repair --- apoptosis --- saffron --- affron® --- depression --- anxiety --- antioxidant --- crocins --- glucose --- β-pancreatic cells --- insulin --- pck1 --- neuroprotective activity --- P2X7 receptor --- fraction --- flumazenil --- rat --- Crocus sativus --- cancer --- anticancer activity --- chemoprevention --- clinical trials --- patents --- anesthetic ketamine --- memory --- Crocus sativus L. --- schizophrenia --- crocetin --- pubertal testis --- X-rays --- radiotherapy --- fertility preservation --- SIRT1 --- HuR --- oxidative stress --- autophagy --- crocin --- picrocrocin --- safranal --- dietary supplement --- nutraceutical --- Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) --- reversed-phase UPLC --- metabolomics --- HR MS --- inflammatory bowel disease --- gut microbiota --- colitis --- cytokines --- colorectal cancer --- HCT116 --- MLH1 --- MSH3 --- DNA damage and repair --- apoptosis

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In this Special Issue, we have published papers on the health-promoting effects of nutraceuticals from different sources, and their effects in different pathologies. Extracts from plants have been analyzed, for example, extracts from olive leaves, Mikania micrantha, the devil’s claw, raspberries and others, alongside marine phytoplankton, egg-yolk and marketed dietary supplements. The effects of these extracts and dietary supplements have been studied in diseases associated with obesity, and in diseases where inflammation pathways are involved. The effectiveness of resveratrol and curcumin to support the anticancer activity of cisplatin has also been reported, as well as the ability of devil’s claw root extract to stimulate the CB2 receptors in synoviocytes in osteoarthritis patients. The anti-oxidant effect of marine phytoplankton has been studied on muscle damage, both in humans and in an animal model, and the effects of the metabolite of antocianin were analyzed in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Finally, reviews on the use of lactoferrin, ω3 and ω6 and abscisic acid have been reported, in addition to the crosstalk between prostate cancer and microbiota inflammation. Although it is not yet possible to draw definitive conclusions on the use of nutraceuticals, several mechanisms of action for many of them have been further clarified.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- fertility --- ingredients --- male reproduction --- semen parameters --- supplements --- allithiamine --- garlic --- hyperglycaemia --- advanced glycation end-products --- cytokines --- abscisic acid --- prediabetes --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- metabolic syndrome --- insulin resistance --- adipocyte browning --- AMP-activated protein kinase --- food supplement --- frambinone --- meal frequency --- open-field test --- elevated plus maze --- sensory motor gating --- pre-pulse inhibition --- c-Fos --- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis --- anti-inflammatory --- antioxidant --- phenolic acid --- neuroprotective --- neurodegeneration --- obesity --- overweight --- beta-glucans --- chitosan --- follow up study --- weight loss programs --- weight gain --- weight loss --- body weight changes --- phytoplankton --- antioxidants --- muscle damage --- muscle recovery --- muscle soreness --- Viburnum opulus --- phenolic compounds --- adipogenesis --- PPARγ --- lipase inhibition --- green tea --- epigallocatechin --- lipid profile --- high-fat diet --- fast food --- osteoarthritis --- nutraceuticals --- polyphenols --- volatile compounds --- β-caryophyllene --- eugenol --- FAAH --- cannabinoid receptors --- phospholipases --- lactoferrin --- bovine milk --- nutraceutical --- human health --- resveratrol --- curcumin --- cisplatin --- head and neck cancer --- cell cycle --- apoptosis --- prostate cancer --- microbiota --- nutraceutical compounds --- fecundation --- inflammation --- cytokine --- growth factors --- metabolomics --- lipidomics --- ω-3PUFAs --- ω-6PUFAs --- endocannabinoids --- CRC --- fatty acids --- Gymnema inodorum --- gymnemic acid --- Mikania micrantha --- anti-hypercholesterolemia --- steatosis --- olive leaf --- macrophages --- fertility --- ingredients --- male reproduction --- semen parameters --- supplements --- allithiamine --- garlic --- hyperglycaemia --- advanced glycation end-products --- cytokines --- abscisic acid --- prediabetes --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- metabolic syndrome --- insulin resistance --- adipocyte browning --- AMP-activated protein kinase --- food supplement --- frambinone --- meal frequency --- open-field test --- elevated plus maze --- sensory motor gating --- pre-pulse inhibition --- c-Fos --- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis --- anti-inflammatory --- antioxidant --- phenolic acid --- neuroprotective --- neurodegeneration --- obesity --- overweight --- beta-glucans --- chitosan --- follow up study --- weight loss programs --- weight gain --- weight loss --- body weight changes --- phytoplankton --- antioxidants --- muscle damage --- muscle recovery --- muscle soreness --- Viburnum opulus --- phenolic compounds --- adipogenesis --- PPARγ --- lipase inhibition --- green tea --- epigallocatechin --- lipid profile --- high-fat diet --- fast food --- osteoarthritis --- nutraceuticals --- polyphenols --- volatile compounds --- β-caryophyllene --- eugenol --- FAAH --- cannabinoid receptors --- phospholipases --- lactoferrin --- bovine milk --- nutraceutical --- human health --- resveratrol --- curcumin --- cisplatin --- head and neck cancer --- cell cycle --- apoptosis --- prostate cancer --- microbiota --- nutraceutical compounds --- fecundation --- inflammation --- cytokine --- growth factors --- metabolomics --- lipidomics --- ω-3PUFAs --- ω-6PUFAs --- endocannabinoids --- CRC --- fatty acids --- Gymnema inodorum --- gymnemic acid --- Mikania micrantha --- anti-hypercholesterolemia --- steatosis --- olive leaf --- macrophages

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In this Special Issue, we have published papers on the health-promoting effects of nutraceuticals from different sources, and their effects in different pathologies. Extracts from plants have been analyzed, for example, extracts from olive leaves, Mikania micrantha, the devil’s claw, raspberries and others, alongside marine phytoplankton, egg-yolk and marketed dietary supplements. The effects of these extracts and dietary supplements have been studied in diseases associated with obesity, and in diseases where inflammation pathways are involved. The effectiveness of resveratrol and curcumin to support the anticancer activity of cisplatin has also been reported, as well as the ability of devil’s claw root extract to stimulate the CB2 receptors in synoviocytes in osteoarthritis patients. The anti-oxidant effect of marine phytoplankton has been studied on muscle damage, both in humans and in an animal model, and the effects of the metabolite of antocianin were analyzed in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Finally, reviews on the use of lactoferrin, ω3 and ω6 and abscisic acid have been reported, in addition to the crosstalk between prostate cancer and microbiota inflammation. Although it is not yet possible to draw definitive conclusions on the use of nutraceuticals, several mechanisms of action for many of them have been further clarified.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- fertility --- ingredients --- male reproduction --- semen parameters --- supplements --- allithiamine --- garlic --- hyperglycaemia --- advanced glycation end-products --- cytokines --- abscisic acid --- prediabetes --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- metabolic syndrome --- insulin resistance --- adipocyte browning --- AMP-activated protein kinase --- food supplement --- frambinone --- meal frequency --- open-field test --- elevated plus maze --- sensory motor gating --- pre-pulse inhibition --- c-Fos --- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis --- anti-inflammatory --- antioxidant --- phenolic acid --- neuroprotective --- neurodegeneration --- obesity --- overweight --- beta-glucans --- chitosan --- follow up study --- weight loss programs --- weight gain --- weight loss --- body weight changes --- phytoplankton --- antioxidants --- muscle damage --- muscle recovery --- muscle soreness --- Viburnum opulus --- phenolic compounds --- adipogenesis --- PPARγ --- lipase inhibition --- green tea --- epigallocatechin --- lipid profile --- high-fat diet --- fast food --- osteoarthritis --- nutraceuticals --- polyphenols --- volatile compounds --- β-caryophyllene --- eugenol --- FAAH --- cannabinoid receptors --- phospholipases --- lactoferrin --- bovine milk --- nutraceutical --- human health --- resveratrol --- curcumin --- cisplatin --- head and neck cancer --- cell cycle --- apoptosis --- prostate cancer --- microbiota --- nutraceutical compounds --- fecundation --- inflammation --- cytokine --- growth factors --- metabolomics --- lipidomics --- ω-3PUFAs --- ω-6PUFAs --- endocannabinoids --- CRC --- fatty acids --- Gymnema inodorum --- gymnemic acid --- Mikania micrantha --- anti-hypercholesterolemia --- steatosis --- olive leaf --- macrophages

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The book explores issues concerning the design, synthetic methods and biological evaluation of molecules of pharmaceutical interest.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- fluorinated pyrazole aldehydes --- tyrosinase inhibition --- phosphodiesterase inhibition --- antibacterial activity --- molecular docking --- periodontitis --- SRP --- LDD --- gelcide --- cancer --- phytocomponents --- Tiospora cardifolia --- silica --- silver oxynitrate --- stability --- core-shell --- antibiofilm --- antimicrobial --- sesquiterpene --- inflammatory pathologies --- nutraceuticals --- triclosan --- surgical site infection --- suture --- abdominal surgery --- cost-analysis --- budget impact analysis --- spirooxindole --- 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition --- eco-friendly chemistry --- ROCS --- shape alignment --- lipophilicity --- anticancer activity --- sol-gel coating --- medical textiles --- antioxidant --- anti-inflammatory --- PEA derivative --- drug release --- imidazole --- antiproliferative --- antioxidant activities --- docking --- DPPH --- ABTS --- acetylcholinesterase --- xanthine oxidase --- pyrimidine-trione --- barbituric --- thiobarbituric --- urease inhibitors --- DFT --- N-benzylisatin-aryl hydrazones --- gefitinib --- A549 cell lines --- pomegranate --- Punica granatum L. --- pomegranate skin extract --- pomegranate fruit extract --- nutraceutical properties --- biological properties --- cladodes --- Opuntia --- antioxidants --- polyphenols --- SFE-CO2 --- rutin --- iso-quercitrin --- nicotiflorin --- narcissin --- fluorinated pyrazole aldehydes --- tyrosinase inhibition --- phosphodiesterase inhibition --- antibacterial activity --- molecular docking --- periodontitis --- SRP --- LDD --- gelcide --- cancer --- phytocomponents --- Tiospora cardifolia --- silica --- silver oxynitrate --- stability --- core-shell --- antibiofilm --- antimicrobial --- sesquiterpene --- inflammatory pathologies --- nutraceuticals --- triclosan --- surgical site infection --- suture --- abdominal surgery --- cost-analysis --- budget impact analysis --- spirooxindole --- 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition --- eco-friendly chemistry --- ROCS --- shape alignment --- lipophilicity --- anticancer activity --- sol-gel coating --- medical textiles --- antioxidant --- anti-inflammatory --- PEA derivative --- drug release --- imidazole --- antiproliferative --- antioxidant activities --- docking --- DPPH --- ABTS --- acetylcholinesterase --- xanthine oxidase --- pyrimidine-trione --- barbituric --- thiobarbituric --- urease inhibitors --- DFT --- N-benzylisatin-aryl hydrazones --- gefitinib --- A549 cell lines --- pomegranate --- Punica granatum L. --- pomegranate skin extract --- pomegranate fruit extract --- nutraceutical properties --- biological properties --- cladodes --- Opuntia --- antioxidants --- polyphenols --- SFE-CO2 --- rutin --- iso-quercitrin --- nicotiflorin --- narcissin

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As plant-based foods, both vegetables and fruits have been clearly associated with the presence of high amounts of bioactive compounds, and have been demonstrated as having a central role in the prevention of diseases. Many scientists of different research fields have lavished great effort both to characterize the bioactive compounds’ compositions and to deepen understanding regarding the mechanisms of action through which fruits and vegetables exert their health-promoting and/or disease-preventing properties. In this book, studies on the bioactive compounds’ composition of the main fruit and vegetable species, on their health effects as fresh-consumed, transformed products or applied in in vitro models, and on their mechanisms of actions against human pathologies are presented.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- ABTS --- bioactive compounds --- DPPH --- flavonoids --- genetic distance --- genotypic and phenotypic correlation --- nutraceutical value --- phenolics --- UPGMA --- apricot --- methyl jasmonate --- salicylic acid --- antioxidant property --- enzyme activity --- postharvest quality --- elderberry --- reishi --- respiratory tract infections --- common cold --- influenza-like illness --- respiratory infection symptoms --- randomized controlled trial --- agrobiodiversity --- antioxidant activity --- health benefits --- medicinal properties --- Mediterranean diet --- market food trends --- sustainability --- wild edible greens --- organic farming --- conventional farming --- trace elements --- heavy metals --- risk assessment --- anthocyanins --- Fragaria × ananassa --- latitude --- temperature --- global radiation --- cultivar × environmental interaction --- phytochemical compounds --- antioxidant capacity --- Brassica spp. --- vegetables --- cultivation techniques --- glucosinolates --- apple --- royal gala --- pink lady --- red delicious --- smitten --- fuji --- phenolic compounds --- LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS --- HPLC --- garlic --- Allium sativum --- thiosulfinate --- allicin --- sepsis --- immunomodulation --- interleukins --- rats --- hydroxytyrosol --- olive extract --- olive polyphenols --- grape extract --- oleuropein --- F2-isoprostanes --- AGEs --- Gynura bicolor --- prediabetes --- phytochemical --- blood glucose --- oxidative stress --- n/a