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In this Special Issue, one review paper highlights the necessity of multiscale CFD, coupling micro- and macro-scales, for exchanging information at the interface of the two scales. Four research papers investigate the hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical reactions of various processes using Eulerian CFD modeling. CFD models are attractive for industrial applications. However, substantial efforts in physical modeling and numerical implementation are still required before their widespread implementation.

History of engineering & technology --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- Eulerian continuum fluid --- volume of fluid (VOF) --- multiscale simulation --- multiphase flow --- multiphysics --- chemical and biological processes --- circulating fluidized bed riser --- computational fluid dynamics --- eulerian–eulerian --- drag models --- 2D simulation --- multi-tubular reactor --- oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) --- reactor design --- butadiene --- multiscale modeling --- liquid plunging jet --- waste water treatment --- VOF --- void fraction --- air entrainment --- conjugate heat transfer --- open-cell foams --- structured reactors --- volumetric heat sources --- fluid properties --- STAR-CCM+ --- dynamic operation

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In this Special Issue, one review paper highlights the necessity of multiscale CFD, coupling micro- and macro-scales, for exchanging information at the interface of the two scales. Four research papers investigate the hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical reactions of various processes using Eulerian CFD modeling. CFD models are attractive for industrial applications. However, substantial efforts in physical modeling and numerical implementation are still required before their widespread implementation.

History of engineering & technology --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- Eulerian continuum fluid --- volume of fluid (VOF) --- multiscale simulation --- multiphase flow --- multiphysics --- chemical and biological processes --- circulating fluidized bed riser --- computational fluid dynamics --- eulerian–eulerian --- drag models --- 2D simulation --- multi-tubular reactor --- oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) --- reactor design --- butadiene --- multiscale modeling --- liquid plunging jet --- waste water treatment --- VOF --- void fraction --- air entrainment --- conjugate heat transfer --- open-cell foams --- structured reactors --- volumetric heat sources --- fluid properties --- STAR-CCM+ --- dynamic operation

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Mathematical modelling in biomedicine is a rapidly developing scientific discipline at the intersection of medicine, biology, mathematics, physics, and computer science. Its progress is stimulated by fundamental scientific questions and by the applications to public health. This book represents a collection of papers devoted to mathematical modelling of various physiological problems in normal and pathological conditions. It covers a broad range of topics including cardiovascular system and diseases, heart and brain modelling, tumor growth, viral infections, and immune response. Computational models of blood circulation are used to study the influence of heart arrhythmias on coronary blood flow and on operating modes for left-ventricle-assisted devices. Wave propagation in the cardiac tissue is investigated in order to show the influence of tissue heterogeneity and fibrosis. The models of tumor growth are used to determine optimal protocols of antiangiogenic and radiotherapy. The models of viral hepatitis kinetics are considered for the parameter identification, and the evolution of viral quasi-species is investigated. The book presents the state-of-the-art in mathematical modelling in biomedicine and opens new perspectives in this passionate field of research.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- virus density distribution --- genotype --- virus infection --- immune response --- resistance to treatment --- nonlocal interaction --- quasi-species diversification --- mathematical oncology --- spatially distributed modeling --- reaction-diffusion-convection equations --- computer experiment --- spiral wave --- heterogeneity --- heart modeling --- myocardium --- left ventricle --- neural field model --- integro-differential equation --- waves --- brain stimulation --- mathematical modeling --- cardiac mechanics --- multiscale simulation --- cardiomyopathies --- left ventricle remodeling --- spatially-distributed modeling --- gradient descent --- 1D haemodynamics --- systole variations --- coronary circulation --- cardiac pacing --- tachycardia --- bradycardia --- interventricular asynchrony --- long QT syndrome --- premature ventricular contraction --- rotary blood pump --- lumped heart model --- cardiac fibrosis --- excitable media --- wave break --- elongated obstacle --- lymph flow --- mathematical modelling --- lymphatic vessels --- lymph nodes --- parameter estimation --- constrained optimization --- derivative free optimization --- multiscale models --- differential equations --- viral hepatitis

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In present book, an analysis of the literature pertaining to parametric and non-parametric descriptions of surface topography in basics manufacturing processes (e.g., turning, milling, grinding) has been performed. The book focuses on the improvement of machining processes, with particular attention to the functional properties of surfaces, and, also, in the control of process parameters by a selected group of parameters. Here, the specific areas of interest are: surface topography analysis; advanced manufacturing metrology; surface metrology; measurement science; and measurement systems. The proposed approach of the description of surface for the functional properties of surfaces leads to the control of the whole manufacturing process, reduction of production cost by eliminating manufacturing defects and energy consumption, as well as the improvements of surface quality. The study presented in the book is a compendium of knowledge regarding surface metrology and emerging aim in a novel scientific approach.

Technology: general issues --- profile --- two-process surface --- correlation length --- austenitization --- cryogenic --- microstructure --- microhardness --- abrasive wear --- tempering --- thermoplastic polyurethane --- heat-welded V-belt --- IR thermography --- hardness --- surface roughness --- SEM morphology --- optical microscopy --- machining --- sintered aluminum --- 3D surface roughness parameters --- surface defects --- contact profilometry --- surface topography --- thermal disturbance --- thermal expansion --- thermal chamber --- micro turning --- material removal rate --- RSM --- Ti6Al4V alloy --- tool wear --- surface texture --- anisotropy --- multiscale --- roping --- ridging --- topography --- autocorrelation function --- roughness --- EDM --- craters --- multiscale analysis --- microgeometry --- bimodal distribution --- material ratio --- parameters --- fiber-reinforced polymers --- automated fiber placement --- path planning --- abrasive water jet machining --- cutting kerf --- soda-lime glass --- radius of the cutting head trajectory --- quality --- contact mechanics --- equivalent sum rough surface --- β-phase TNTZ alloy --- nano-finishing --- magnetic abrasive finishing --- material removal --- optimization --- parametric appraisal --- circulated coins --- surface condition --- optical methods --- measurements and analysis --- mechanical engineering --- roughness analysis --- high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) --- texture feature descriptors --- texture image classification --- support vector machine (SVM) --- electroplated grinding wheel --- grinding wheel wear --- grinding wheel surface texture

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Complexity is a ubiquitous phenomenon in physiology that allows living systems to adapt to external perturbations. Fractal structures, self-organization, nonlinearity, interactions at different scales, and interconnections among systems through anatomical and functional networks, may originate complexity. Biomedical signals from physiological systems may carry information about the system complexity useful to identify physiological states, monitor health, and predict pathological events. Therefore, complexity analysis of biomedical signals is a rapidly evolving field aimed at extracting information on the physiological systems. This book consists of 16 contributions from authors with a strong scientific background in biomedical signals analysis. It includes reviews on the state-of-the-art of complexity studies in specific medical applications, new methods to improve complexity quantifiers, and novel complexity analyses in physiological or clinical scenarios. It presents a wide spectrum of methods investigating the entropic properties, multifractal structure, self-organized criticality, and information dynamics of biomedical signals touching upon three physiological areas: the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, the heart-brain interactions. The book is aimed at experienced researchers in signal analysis and presents the latest trends in the complexity methods in physiology and medicine with the hope of inspiring future works advancing this fascinating area of research.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- autonomic nervous function --- heart rate variability (HRV) --- baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) --- photo-plethysmo-graphy (PPG) --- digital volume pulse (DVP) --- percussion entropy index (PEI) --- heart rate variability --- posture --- entropy --- complexity --- cognitive task --- sample entropy --- brain functional networks --- dynamic functional connectivity --- static functional connectivity --- K-means clustering algorithm --- fragmentation --- aging in human population --- factor analysis --- support vector machines classification --- Sampen --- cross-entropy --- autonomic nervous system --- heart rate --- blood pressure --- hypobaric hypoxia --- rehabilitation medicine --- labor --- fetal heart rate --- data compression --- complexity analysis --- nonlinear analysis --- preterm --- Alzheimer’s disease --- brain signals --- single-channel analysis --- biomarker --- refined composite multiscale entropy --- central autonomic network --- interconnectivity --- ECG --- ectopic beat --- baroreflex --- self-organized criticality --- vasovagal syncope --- Zipf’s law --- multifractality --- multiscale complexity --- detrended fluctuation analysis --- self-similarity --- sEMG --- approximate entropy --- fuzzy entropy --- fractal dimension --- recurrence quantification analysis --- correlation dimension --- largest Lyapunov exponent --- time series analysis --- relative consistency --- event-related de/synchronization --- motor imagery --- vector quantization --- information dynamics --- partial information decomposition --- conditional transfer entropy --- network physiology --- multivariate time series analysis --- State–space models --- vector autoregressive model --- penalized regression techniques --- linear prediction --- fNIRS --- brain dynamics --- mental arithmetics --- multiscale --- cardiovascular system --- brain --- information flow