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"The study of electromagnetic fields in the treatment of various diseases is not a new one; however, we are still learning how magnetic fields impact the human body and its organs. Many novel magnetic materials and technologies could potentially transform medicine. Magnetic Materials and Technologies for Medical Applications explores these current and emerging technologies. Beginning with foundational knowledge on the basics of magnetism, this book then details the approaches and methods used in the creation of novel magnetic materials and devices. This book also discusses current technologies and applications, as well as the commercial aspects of introducing new technologies to the field."--

Biomedical materials. --- Magnetic materials. --- Materials --- Biomedical engineering --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Bioartificial materials --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials) --- Hemocompatible materials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Magnetotherapy. --- Magnets --- Magnetic Phenomena --- Biomedical and Dental Materials --- Magnetic Field Therapy

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Recent research and development in the field of high-current circuit breaker technology are devoted to meeting two challenges: the environmental compatibility and new demands on electrical grids caused by the increasing use of renewable energies. Electric arcs in gases or a vacuum are the key component in the technology at present and will play a key role also in future concepts, e.g., for hybrid and fast switching required for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems. In addition, the replacement of the environmentally harmful SF6 in gas breakers and gas-insulated switchgear is an actual issue. This Special Issue comprises eight peer-reviewed papers, which address recent studies of switching arcs and electrical insulation at high and medium voltage. Three papers consider issues of the replacement of the environmentally harmful SF6 by CO2 in high-voltage gas circuit breakers. One paper deals with fast switching in air with relevance for hybrid fault current limiters and hybrid HVDC interrupters. The other four papers illustrate actual research on vacuum current breakers as an additional option for environmentally compatible switchgear; fundamental studies of the vacuum arc ignition, as well as concepts for the use of vacuum arcs for DC interruption.

Technology: general issues --- vacuum circuit breaker --- double break --- prestrike characteristics --- vacuum interrupter --- prestrike gap --- gaseous breakdown --- SF6 --- CO2 --- surface roughness --- statistical enlargement laws --- vacuum arc --- DC circuit breaker --- current interruption --- magnetic field --- plasma physics --- zero-crossing --- circuit breaker --- switching arc --- optical emission spectroscopy --- ablation --- current zero --- SF6 alternative gases --- PTFE --- optical absorption spectroscopy --- Swan bands --- CuF --- hybrid dc circuit breaker --- vacuum arc commutation --- solid-state switch --- vacuum arc voltage --- air arc plasma --- Thomson actuator --- magnetohydrodynamic simulations --- fast switch --- optical diagnostics --- vacuum circuit breaker --- double break --- prestrike characteristics --- vacuum interrupter --- prestrike gap --- gaseous breakdown --- SF6 --- CO2 --- surface roughness --- statistical enlargement laws --- vacuum arc --- DC circuit breaker --- current interruption --- magnetic field --- plasma physics --- zero-crossing --- circuit breaker --- switching arc --- optical emission spectroscopy --- ablation --- current zero --- SF6 alternative gases --- PTFE --- optical absorption spectroscopy --- Swan bands --- CuF --- hybrid dc circuit breaker --- vacuum arc commutation --- solid-state switch --- vacuum arc voltage --- air arc plasma --- Thomson actuator --- magnetohydrodynamic simulations --- fast switch --- optical diagnostics

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Recent research and development in the field of high-current circuit breaker technology are devoted to meeting two challenges: the environmental compatibility and new demands on electrical grids caused by the increasing use of renewable energies. Electric arcs in gases or a vacuum are the key component in the technology at present and will play a key role also in future concepts, e.g., for hybrid and fast switching required for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems. In addition, the replacement of the environmentally harmful SF6 in gas breakers and gas-insulated switchgear is an actual issue. This Special Issue comprises eight peer-reviewed papers, which address recent studies of switching arcs and electrical insulation at high and medium voltage. Three papers consider issues of the replacement of the environmentally harmful SF6 by CO2 in high-voltage gas circuit breakers. One paper deals with fast switching in air with relevance for hybrid fault current limiters and hybrid HVDC interrupters. The other four papers illustrate actual research on vacuum current breakers as an additional option for environmentally compatible switchgear; fundamental studies of the vacuum arc ignition, as well as concepts for the use of vacuum arcs for DC interruption.

vacuum circuit breaker --- double break --- prestrike characteristics --- vacuum interrupter --- prestrike gap --- gaseous breakdown --- SF6 --- CO2 --- surface roughness --- statistical enlargement laws --- vacuum arc --- DC circuit breaker --- current interruption --- magnetic field --- plasma physics --- zero-crossing --- circuit breaker --- switching arc --- optical emission spectroscopy --- ablation --- current zero --- SF6 alternative gases --- PTFE --- optical absorption spectroscopy --- Swan bands --- CuF --- hybrid dc circuit breaker --- vacuum arc commutation --- solid-state switch --- vacuum arc voltage --- air arc plasma --- Thomson actuator --- magnetohydrodynamic simulations --- fast switch --- optical diagnostics

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Shape memory alloys (SMAs), in comparison with other materials, have the exceptional ability to change their properties, structure, and functionality depending on the thermal, magnetic, and/or stress fields applied. As is well known, in recent decades, the development of SMAs has allowed innovative solutions and alternatives in biomedical applications and advanced engineering structures for aerospace and automotive industries as well as in sensor and actuation systems, among other sectors. Irrespective of this, designing and engineering using these special smart materials requires a solid background in materials science in order to consolidate their importance in these fields and to broaden their relevance for other new applications. The goal of this Special Issue is to foster the dissemination of some of the latest research devoted to these special materials from different perspectives.

Technology: general issues --- shape memory alloys --- cyclic tests --- fatigue test --- energy dissipation --- earthquake engineering --- NiTiNb --- anisotropy --- texture --- SME --- pipe joints --- NiTi --- selective laser melting --- additive manufacturing --- lattice structure --- EBSD --- superelasticity --- metamagnetic shape memory alloys --- structural defects --- magnetocaloric effect --- mechanical damping --- martensitic transitions --- phonon softening --- resonant ultrasound spectroscopy --- laser-ultrasound --- elastic constants --- high-temperature shape memory alloys --- titanium palladium --- titanium platinum --- multi-component alloys --- medium-entropy alloys --- high-entropy alloys --- laser powder bed fusion --- density control --- structure control --- process simulation --- shape memory alloy --- Fe-Mn-Al-Ni --- cyclic heat treatment --- co-based Heusler alloy --- martensitic transformation --- metamagnetic shape memory alloy --- phase diagram --- magnetic-field-induced transition --- intermetallic --- microstructure --- differential scanning calorimetry --- X-ray diffraction --- mechanical testing --- shape memory alloys --- cyclic tests --- fatigue test --- energy dissipation --- earthquake engineering --- NiTiNb --- anisotropy --- texture --- SME --- pipe joints --- NiTi --- selective laser melting --- additive manufacturing --- lattice structure --- EBSD --- superelasticity --- metamagnetic shape memory alloys --- structural defects --- magnetocaloric effect --- mechanical damping --- martensitic transitions --- phonon softening --- resonant ultrasound spectroscopy --- laser-ultrasound --- elastic constants --- high-temperature shape memory alloys --- titanium palladium --- titanium platinum --- multi-component alloys --- medium-entropy alloys --- high-entropy alloys --- laser powder bed fusion --- density control --- structure control --- process simulation --- shape memory alloy --- Fe-Mn-Al-Ni --- cyclic heat treatment --- co-based Heusler alloy --- martensitic transformation --- metamagnetic shape memory alloy --- phase diagram --- magnetic-field-induced transition --- intermetallic --- microstructure --- differential scanning calorimetry --- X-ray diffraction --- mechanical testing

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The book encompasses the different concepts and designs using magnets for surgical purposes. It provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of the field that will help guide patient management and stimulate investigative efforts. The text reviews new data about interventions in all medical and surgical fields. Written by experts in their fields, topics focus on endoluminal and laparoscopic operations, techniques from vascular and GI anastomosis. The book demonstrates the use of magnets to treat a variety of diseases such as reflux, back pain, and fecal incontinence. The reader will learn how to retract and gain exposure, dissect tissue planes, achieve hemostasis, and create anastomosis in a totally different way. Physical properties of external surface and internal magnets are discussed. The authors emphasize the importance of partnering with industry leaders to develop novel surgical tools. By harnessing the power of attraction, the energy and might of magnets, Magnetic Surgery serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, surgeons and researchers in biomedical engineering interested in this form of energy and physical metal properties. In utilizing these properties, the book seeks to improve surgical outcomes of patients worldwide.

Magnetotherapy. --- Magnet therapy --- Magnetic field therapy --- Magnetic fields --- Magnetic therapy --- Magnetism --- Magnets --- Therapeutics, Physiological --- Therapeutic use --- Magnetoteràpia --- Cirurgia --- Tractament quirúrgic --- Medicina --- Anatomia topogràfica --- Anestesiologia --- Antisèptics --- Cicatrius --- Cirurgia ambulatòria --- Cirurgia asèptica i antisèptica --- Cirurgia colorectal --- Cirurgia de l'obesitat --- Cirurgia dermatològica --- Cirurgia digestiva --- Cirurgia endocrina --- Cirurgia experimental --- Cirurgia infantil --- Cirurgia menor --- Cirurgia obstètrica --- Cirurgia ocular --- Cirurgia oncològica --- Cirurgia operatòria --- Cirurgia ortognàtica --- Cirurgia plàstica --- Cirurgia toràcica --- Cirurgia vascular --- Cirurgia veterinària --- Criocirurgia --- Diagnòstic quirúrgic --- Dissecció --- Electrocirurgia --- Empelts de teixits --- Làsers en cirurgia --- Microcirurgia --- Neurocirurgia --- Operacions quirúrgiques --- Òrgans artificials --- Ortopèdia --- Otorrinolaringologia quirúrgica --- Patologia quirúrgica --- Paratiroïdectomia --- Sagnia --- Transfusió de sang --- Trasplantament d'òrgans --- Traumatologia --- Urgències quirúrgiques --- Cirurgians --- Fractures --- Guariment magnètic --- Magnetisme curatiu --- Terapèutica magnètica --- Medicina alternativa --- Cirurgia podològica --- Surgery. --- Endoscopic surgery. --- Colon (Anatomy) --- Cancer --- Urology. --- General Surgery. --- Minimally Invasive Surgery. --- Colorectal Surgery. --- Cancer Therapy. --- Treatment. --- Medicine --- Genitourinary organs --- Cancer therapy --- Cancer treatment --- Endosurgery --- Minimal access surgery --- Minimally invasive surgery --- MIS (Minimally invasive surgery) --- Operative endoscopy --- Surgical endoscopy --- Endoscopy --- Microsurgery --- Surgery, Operative --- Surgery, Primitive --- Diseases --- Therapy