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Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Kazakhstan.
Taxation --- Kazakhstan
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The mission welcomes the progress made by the RK in improving the quality of GFS. The Ministry of Finance has taken into account several recommendations of the previous mission on increasing transparency, improving data quality, and regarding the channels used to provide GFS. In particular, updated bridge tables are used when generating statistics, National Fund (NF) data are recorded separately from national budget (NB) data, and GFS are disseminated through the IMF Integrated Data Collection System.
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Finance, Public --- Economic development --- Gross domestic product --- Kazakhstan --- Economic policy.
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Countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have clear aspirations to strengthen civic participation and increase prosperity for all. A highly skilled and knowledgeable population is critical to achieving these goals, which makes creating and maintaining high quality and equitable education systems a vital part of regional development efforts. Results from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) show that learning outcomes in the region have generally improved, but that the improvement has not been equitable. While countries in the region are producing some of the top performing students in the world, many other students are being left behind. This report, jointly developed by OECD and UNICEF, analyses PISA data in detail to identify the strengths, challenges and unique features of education systems in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Drawing upon a rich knowledge base of education policy and practice in the region, it makes recommendations about how systems in the region can provide an excellent education for all students. This report will be of interest to regional policy-makers as well as individuals who wish to learn more about education in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
Education --- Azerbaijan --- Belarus --- Bulgaria --- Croatia --- Georgia --- Kazakhstan --- Moldova, Republic of --- Romania --- Türkiye --- Ukraine
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Human ecology --- Economic development --- Aral Sea (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) --- Environmental conditions. --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Ecology --- Environment, Human --- Human beings --- Human environment --- Ecological engineering --- Human geography --- Nature --- Social aspects --- Effect of environment on --- Effect of human beings on --- Aral Sea (Uzbek S.S.R. and Kazakh S.S.R.) --- Aral Sea (Uzbekistan and Kazakstan) --- Aralʹskoe more (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) --- Aralskoe Sea (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) --- Lake Aral (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan)
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Health care reform. --- Health care reform --- Kazakhstan. --- Health reform --- Health system reform --- Healthcare reform --- Medical care reform --- Reform of health care delivery --- Reform of medical care delivery --- Medical policy --- Health insurance --- Cazaquistão --- Ha-sa-ssu-tʻan kung ho kuo --- Hasake si tan gong he guo --- Kasachstan --- Kazafusutan --- Ḳazaḥsṭan --- Kazak Respublikasy --- Kazakistan --- Kazakstan --- Qazāqistān --- Qazaqstan --- Qazaqstan Respublikasy --- Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy --- Republic of Kazakhstan --- Republic of Kazakstan --- Respublika Kazakhstan --- Республика Казахстан --- Казахстан --- קזחסטן --- カザフスタン --- Kazakh S.S.R. --- Kazachstan
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This book discusses Kazakhstan’s transitioning trajectory to a market economy since it declared its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.. It analyses the evolution of key policy areas and sectors through the lens of policy development and implementation, and evaluates their suitability in pursuing the country’s strategic objectives. Topics include policy initiatives for economic development, new policy paradigms in public service delivery and infrastructure improvement, and water-energy-food (WEF) nexus thinking in governing the WEF sectors. The book argues that policies developed in the 1990s and 2000s have so far served the nation’s needs. Nevertheless, as Kazakhstan seeks to achieve a competitive edge worldwide, many of these policies would require adjustment, or a paradigm shift. Providing a unique outlook on policy and governance, this book will appeal to scholars, students, and practitioners involved with Kazakhstan and Central Asia and interested in the transformation of ex-Soviet nations, their policy, and sustainable development. Anastasia Koulouri is a Lecturer at the Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. Previously she has held posts at the University of Strathclyde and Abertay University (UK), the Technical University of Helsinki (Finland), and the Belgian Nuclear Energy Research Centre (Belgium). She holds a PhD in Management Science from the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. Her research interests include energy policy and security in resource-rich countries with particular focus on Kazakhstan, and sustainable development of transitional economies. Dr Koulouri has co-edited volumes on Energy Security (Palgrave Macmillan 2019), and on the Water-Energy-Food Nexus (Routledge 2019). Nikolai Mouraviev is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Business, Law and Social Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland, UK. Previously he has held teaching positions at KIMEP University (Kazakhstan); Wayne State University (US); and Viterbo University (US). Part of his research focuses on public-private collaboration in developing nations, and he has published extensively in this area including a monograph (Palgrave Macmillan 2017) and an edited volume (Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2017). In addition, his research interests include entrepreneurship and governance of the energy sector. Dr Mouraviev has co-authored six books, including two research monographs, and published more than 50 papers. .
Economic development --- Economic development. --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Kazakhstan
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This book examines the development of bilateral energy relations between China and the two oil-rich countries, Kazakhstan and Russia.Challenging conventional assumptions about energy politics and China’s global quest for oil, this book examines the interplay of politics and sociocultural contexts. It shows how energy resources become ideas and how these ideas are mobilized in the realm of international relations. China’s relations with Kazakhstan and Russia are simultaneously enabled and constrained by the discursive politics of oil. It is argued that to build collaborative and constructive energy relations with China, its partners in Kazakhstan, Russia, and elsewhere must consider not only the material realities of China’s energy industry and the institutional settings of China’s energy policy but also the multiple symbolic meanings that energy resources and, particularly, oil acquire in China.China’s Energy Security and Relations with Petrostates offers a nuanced understanding of China’s bilateral energy relations with Kazakhstan and Russia, raising essential questions about the social logic of international energy politics. It will appeal to students and scholars of international relations, energy security, Chinese and post-Soviet studies, along with researchers working in the fields of energy policy and environmental sustainability.
S09/0410 --- S09/0506 --- S10/0523 --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--Relations with Asian countries --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--China and Russia --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Power supply (electricity, mining, oil) and computing industry --- E-books --- ENERGY SECURITY--CHINA --- ENERGY POLICY--CHINA --- CHINA--COMMERCE--RUSSIA (FEDERATION) --- RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--COMMERCE--CHINA --- CHINA--COMMERCE--KAZAKHSTAN --- KAZAKHSTAN--COMMERCE--CHINA --- Commerce. --- Energy industries --- Energy policy --- Energy policy. --- Environmental policy --- Industries énergétiques --- Politique énergétique --- International cooperation --- International cooperation. --- Coopération internationale --- China --- China. --- Kazakhstan --- Kazakhstan. --- Russia (Federation) --- Russia (Federation). --- Commerce
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The unification of Russia around Moscow was not inevitable--other principalities also claimed this role. This book posits that relations between Moscow and Ulus Jochi (Golden Horde) were complex and interdependent, and the process of the formation of the Moscow state took place under the influence of internal and external factors.
Despotism --- History. --- Russia --- History --- Byzantium. --- Golden Horde. --- Grand Duchy of Lithuania. --- Kazakh Khanate. --- Kazakhstan. --- Moscow. --- Muscovy. --- Russia. --- Ulus Jochi. --- geopolitics. --- history. --- military. --- power. --- state formation.
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This paper builds a framework to quantify the financial stability implications of climate-related transition risk in Colombia. We explore risks imposed on the banking system based on scenarios of an increase in the domestic carbon tax by using bank- and firm-level data. Focusing on the deterioration of firms’ balance sheets and the exposure of banks to different sectors, we assess the extent to which such policy shock would transmit from nonfinancial firms to the banking system. We observe that sectors are affected unevenly by a higher carbon tax. Agriculture, manufacturing, electricity, wholesale and retail trade, and transportation sectors appear to be the most important in the transmission of the risk to the banking system. Results also suggest that a large increase in the carbon tax can generate significant but likely manageable financial stability risks, and that a gradual increase in the carbon tax to meet a higher target over several years could be preferable in terms of financial risks. A gradual increase would also have the benefit of allowing for a smoother adjustment to higher carbon tax for stakeholders.
338 <47 + 57> --- 338 <574> --- 338.24 <574> --- situation economique --- developpement economique --- kazakhstan --- KZ / Kazakhstan --- 307.0 --- 331.31 --- 331.30 --- 330.580 --- 330.548 --- 338.047 --- 330.540 --- NBB ZZ --- 338.24 <574> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Kazakstan --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Kazakstan --- 338 <574> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Kazakstan --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Kazakstan --- 338 <47 + 57> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--?<47+57> --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--?<47+57> --- economische toestand --- economische ontwikkeling --- kazakstan --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken. --- Economisch beleid. --- Economische toestand. --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden. --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen. --- Privé en openbare bedrijven. Openbare diensten. Gemengde economie. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- Kazakstan --- -Kazakstan --- -Cazaquistão --- Ha-sa-ssu-tʻan kung ho kuo --- Hasake si tan gong he guo --- Kasachstan --- Kazafusutan --- Ḳazaḥsṭan --- Kazak Respublikasy --- Kazakistan --- Qazāqistān --- Qazaqstan --- Qazaqstan Respublikasy --- Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy --- Republic of Kazakhstan --- Republic of Kazakstan --- Respublika Kazakhstan --- Республика Казахстан --- Казахстан --- קזחסטן --- カザフスタン --- Kazakh S.S.R. --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- International finance --- Kazakhstan --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken --- Economisch beleid --- Economische toestand --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen --- Privé en openbare bedrijven. Openbare diensten. Gemengde economie --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- -Kazakh S.S.R. --- Cazaquistão --- Kazachstan --- -Economic conditions --- Colombia
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