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Jekatyerina Dunajeva explores how two dominant stereotypes—“bad Gypsies” and “good Roma”—took hold in formal and informal educational institutions in Russia and Hungary. She shows that over centuries “Gypsies” came to be associated with criminality, lack of education, and backwardness. The second notion, of proud, empowered, and educated “Roma,” is a more recent development. By identifying five historical phases—pre-modern, early-modern, early and “ripe” communism, and neomodern nation-building—the book captures crucial legacies that deepen social divisions and normalize the constructed group images. The analysis of the state-managed Roma identity project in the brief korenizatsija program for the integration of non-Russian nationalities into the Soviet civil service in the 1920s is particularly revealing, while the critique of contemporary endeavors is a valuable resource for policy makers and civic activists alike. The top-down view is complemented with the bottom-up attention to everyday Roma voices. Personal stories reveal how identities operate in daily life, as Dunajeva brings out hidden narratives and subaltern discourse. Her handling of fieldwork and self-reflexivity is a model of sensitive research with vulnerable groups.

Romanies --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Ethnic Studies / European Studies. --- History. --- minorities, stereotypes, education, nation-building, identity formation, korenization, nativization. --- Bohemians (Romanies) --- Gipsies --- Gitanos --- Gypsies --- Kalderash --- Manush --- Roma (People) --- Romani --- Sinti --- Nomads --- Ethic identity --- Ethnic identity

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This open access collection is devoted to an in-depth, qualitative analysis of practices of cross-national solidarity in response to the current political and social crises, from citizens’ initiatives to networks of cooperation among civil society actors. The book analyses existing informal groups at the grassroots, furthering transnational solidarity in three thematic areas: disability, unemployment and immigration. Contributions assess how civic groups respond to the various crises affecting Europe, especially the economic and refugee crises, presenting new findings from a systematic comparative study conducted in eight European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the UK). The research will be of interest to scholars, students, journalists, policy-makers and activists interested in civil society, social movements, charitable actions, altruism and solidarity, as well as European studies and the socio-economic challenges of current European crises.

Political sociology. --- Social sciences. --- Emigration and immigration. --- Social policy. --- Political Sociology. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Migration. --- Social Policy. --- National planning --- State planning --- Economic policy --- Family policy --- Social history --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Mass political behavior --- Political behavior --- Political science --- Sociology --- Sociological aspects --- Political Sociology --- Social Sciences, general --- Migration --- Social Policy --- Sociology of Organizations and Occupations --- Sociology of Migration --- European Studies --- Social movements --- Activism --- volunteering --- Disability --- Unemployment --- Open Access --- Politics & government --- Society & Social Sciences --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Political economy --- Social & ethical issues --- Civil society --- Political participation