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Epidemiological evidence from the last fifty years has demonstrated that nutrition plays a decisive role in human health. Eating properly is not only necessary to meet energy demands. It also actively contributes, through both preventive actions and therapeutic effects, to improving human wellness. Nutrition owes its functional role in human health to the biological activity of specific, small dietary molecules. Plants are the most important source of bioactive molecules, and dietary phytochemicals are mainly responsible for the documented protective effects of diets which are rich in plant foods. Dietary phytochemicals have attracted increasing interest in human nutrition research over the past few years due to their ability to exert several biological effects that are potentially useful for human health, In this Special Issue, the biological activity of dietary phytochemicals, either purified or in extracts from plant foods, and their potential effects on human health are addressed and investigated.

resveratrol --- bioactivities --- anticancer --- anti-obesity --- antidiabetes --- molecular mechanisms --- durum wheat bread --- Portulaca oleracea L. --- essential fatty acids --- omega-6/omega-3 ratio --- antioxidants --- Bangladesh --- vegetables --- polyphenols --- amylase --- glucosidase --- renin --- angiotensin-converting enzyme --- lipase --- mass spectrometry --- yeast --- antioxidant --- cytotoxicity --- bioavailability --- viability --- Punica granatum --- hydrolysable tannins --- flavonoids --- Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry --- tempura --- deep-fried product --- barley --- buckwheat --- Job’s tears --- antioxidant capacity --- oil deterioration --- polyphenol --- oxidative stress --- necroptosis --- plant extract --- secondary metabolite --- γH2AX --- copper --- African food spices --- GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) --- antimicrobial --- antibiofilm --- violacein inhibition --- swarming inhibition --- swimming inhibition --- anticholinesterase --- antiurease --- antityrosinase --- sensory analysis --- mineral content --- proanthocyanidins --- carotenoids --- antioxidant activity --- FRAP --- DPPH --- ABTS --- CAA --- n/a --- Job's tears

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Tannins are a family of versatile, natural phenolic biomolecules whose key role is to protect plants against insects and fungi. They are also valuable in use for humans. We show tannins' antioxidant and antibacterial properties, in addition to their potential application in the food industry. We prove the accessibility of condensed tannins to a wide range of potential applications, including NH3 neutralizer, the building block of numerous porous materials, such as foams, organic, and carbon gels. Finally, they are known as wood adhesives, heavy metal scavengers, and corrosion inhibitors. With this book, we want to present the most promising perspectives of tannin.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- tannins --- applications --- new applications --- drawbacks --- advantages --- tannin --- polyphenolic molecules --- sol-gel --- organic gel --- carbon gel --- hydrothermal carbonization --- porous materials --- pore structure --- biopolymer --- low-cost --- human serum albumin (HSA) --- fatty acid --- polyphenol --- protein conformation --- protein aggregation --- Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) --- blue honeysuckle berry --- apple --- anthocyanins --- polyphenols --- antioxidant --- juice --- grape seed extract --- cotton --- antibacterial --- UV protection --- flavanols --- condensed tannin --- Vitis vinifera --- microwave-extraction --- glucosidase --- cytotoxicity --- greenhouse gas --- NH3 --- tannin-furanic foam --- liquid manure --- natural polyphenol --- agriculture --- emission reduction

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Aroma compounds are some of the main compounds responsible for the acceptance of oenological products such as wine, vinegar and derived products. These kinds of compounds are produced during the winemaking process and they can be affected by natural, geographical and human factors: raw material, alcoholic and acetic fermentation, ageing, distillation, technological processes, etc. Therefore, it is very important to study and to characterize the aromatic fraction of these oenological beverages in order to improve the quality of the final product. Therefore, this book is focused on some recent studies related to the study of the volatile composition of wine, vinegar and derived products, in many different fields of science: oenology, chemistry, food science and technology, biochemistry, microbiology, biotechnology, engineering, sensory analysis, etc., and it shows the great importance of both sensory and analytical study of oenological products aroma and how they are influenced by the different stages and conditions under which they are elaborated. In this book, you will find 12 valuable scientific contributions: 2 literature reviews and 10 original research works, which deal with the latest advances in both sensory and analytical tools in order to evaluate the effects of different techniques or winemaking stages on the oenological products’ aromas.

Research & information: general --- sensory analysis --- sweet wine --- raisining --- climate chamber --- 1,1,6-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN) --- wine --- sensory threshold --- serving temperature --- bee pollen --- Tintilla de Rota --- alcoholic fermentation --- warm climate --- volatile compounds --- sensory profile --- fermentative activator --- red winemaking --- red wines --- chitosan --- sparkling wine --- foamability --- sensory --- bottle aging --- flavor profile --- sensory evaluation --- volatile composition --- white wine --- grapes --- wines --- cryoextraction --- oak --- cherry --- chestnut --- wood chips --- phenolic compounds --- aroma --- ageing --- wine secondary aroma --- fermentation --- non-saccharomyces yeasts --- lactic acid bacteria --- strain variability --- tannins --- polyphenol-aroma interactions --- saliva --- in vitro release --- in vivo release --- retronasal aroma --- time-intensity --- HS-GC/MS --- sparkling wines --- bentonite --- foam properties --- wine aroma --- oral release --- aroma persistence --- in-mouth headspace sorptive extraction --- Sherry --- vinegar --- brandy --- n/a

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Natural-based biomolecules continuously play an important role in novel drug discovery for the treatment of chronic diseases. The development of natural peptide/protein-based, toxin-based, and antibody-based drugs can significantly improve the biomedical efficiency of disease-specific therapy. The focus of this Special Issue of Biomolecules will be on the most recent advances related to novel peptides/proteins, antibodies, and toxins as forms of medicinal therapy. Recent advances in the discovery and development of these natural biomolecules for use in targeted therapy and immunotherapy against chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis) will be addressed. The discussion on using novel disease-specific proteins/peptides/toxins/antibodies along with currently available FDA-approved drugs as combinatorial treatments will also be encouraged in this context. Finally, an overview of some of the selected promising natural biomolecules that are potentially able to address the forthcoming challenges in this field will be included. Both research (in particular) and review articles proposing novelties or overviews, respectively, are welcome.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- DAPK1 --- SUMO --- SENP --- protein degradation --- post-translational modification --- amphibian Bowman-Birk inhibitor --- Tat peptide --- molecular cloning --- antifungal --- drug design --- protease inhibitor --- natural-based compound --- anticancer therapy --- lung cancer --- survivin --- apoptosis --- STAT3 --- colorectal cancer --- orientin --- cell cycle arrest --- Bcl-2 family proteins --- Astragalus membranaceus --- insulin --- PI3K --- AKT --- PPARγ --- PDX-1 --- Petasites japonicus --- Asteraceae --- lignan --- anti-inflammation --- NO --- PGE2 --- iNOS --- COX-2 --- molecular docking --- peptides --- kynurenines --- binding affinity --- μ-opioid receptor --- pharmacophore --- G-protein activation --- fucoidan --- PLGA --- docetaxel --- drug delivery system --- anticancer therapy/cancer treatment --- hIAPP --- amyloidogenesis --- insulin granules --- endoplasmic reticulum --- anionic lipids --- F23R variant --- β-sheet transitions --- β-cell cytotoxicity --- unfolded protein response --- pomegranate --- punicalagin --- tannins --- gingiva --- fibroblasts --- antioxidant --- wound healing --- branched-chain fatty acids --- Conidiobolus heterosporus --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α --- lipid metabolism --- fatty acid oxidation --- hepatocyte --- n/a

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Aroma compounds are some of the main compounds responsible for the acceptance of oenological products such as wine, vinegar and derived products. These kinds of compounds are produced during the winemaking process and they can be affected by natural, geographical and human factors: raw material, alcoholic and acetic fermentation, ageing, distillation, technological processes, etc. Therefore, it is very important to study and to characterize the aromatic fraction of these oenological beverages in order to improve the quality of the final product. Therefore, this book is focused on some recent studies related to the study of the volatile composition of wine, vinegar and derived products, in many different fields of science: oenology, chemistry, food science and technology, biochemistry, microbiology, biotechnology, engineering, sensory analysis, etc., and it shows the great importance of both sensory and analytical study of oenological products aroma and how they are influenced by the different stages and conditions under which they are elaborated. In this book, you will find 12 valuable scientific contributions: 2 literature reviews and 10 original research works, which deal with the latest advances in both sensory and analytical tools in order to evaluate the effects of different techniques or winemaking stages on the oenological products’ aromas.

sensory analysis --- sweet wine --- raisining --- climate chamber --- 1,1,6-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN) --- wine --- sensory threshold --- serving temperature --- bee pollen --- Tintilla de Rota --- alcoholic fermentation --- warm climate --- volatile compounds --- sensory profile --- fermentative activator --- red winemaking --- red wines --- chitosan --- sparkling wine --- foamability --- sensory --- bottle aging --- flavor profile --- sensory evaluation --- volatile composition --- white wine --- grapes --- wines --- cryoextraction --- oak --- cherry --- chestnut --- wood chips --- phenolic compounds --- aroma --- ageing --- wine secondary aroma --- fermentation --- non-saccharomyces yeasts --- lactic acid bacteria --- strain variability --- tannins --- polyphenol-aroma interactions --- saliva --- in vitro release --- in vivo release --- retronasal aroma --- time-intensity --- HS-GC/MS --- sparkling wines --- bentonite --- foam properties --- wine aroma --- oral release --- aroma persistence --- in-mouth headspace sorptive extraction --- Sherry --- vinegar --- brandy --- n/a