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Agriculture has been among the toughest political battlegrounds in postwar Japan and represents an ideal case study in institutional stability and change. Inefficient land use and a rapidly aging workforce have long been undermining the economic viability of the agricultural sector. Yet vested interests in the small-scale, part-time agricultural production structure have obstructed major reforms. Change has instead occurred in more subtle ways. Since the mid-1990s, a gradual reform process has dismantled some of the core pillars of the postwar agricultural support and protection regime. Harvesting State Support analyzes this process by shifting the analytical focus to the local level. Drawing on extensive qualitative field research, Hanno Jentzsch investigates how local actors, including farmers, local governments, and local agricultural cooperatives, have translated abstract policies into local practice. Showing how local variants are constructed through recombining national reforms with the local informal institutional environment, Harvesting State Support reveals new links between agricultural reform and other shifts in Japan’s political economy.
Agriculture and state --- Agriculture, Cooperative --- Farms --- Local government --- Japan. --- agricultural politics. --- decentralization. --- deregulation. --- institutional change. --- institutionalism. --- market liberalization. --- political economy. --- social organization. --- structural reform.
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This paper investigates the effects of financial sector, product market, and trade reforms on labor productivity growth and its two components-the intra-sectoral (within) and inter-sectoral (between) components-in a sample of developing countries over 1975-2005. The paper finds that most of the past trade, product, and financial sector reforms have increased the growth rate of labor productivity. In particular, countries that are further away from the technology leader tend to benefit more from structural reforms than countries closer to the technology frontier. Looking at the subcomponents of labor productivity growth, the paper finds that structural reforms work mostly through the intra-allocative efficiency channel but not through the inter-allocative efficiency channel. The intra-sectoral component is the main driver of the impacts of reforms on labor productivity growth, with a contribution between 76 and 96 percent.
Economic Growth --- Labor Markets --- Labor Productivity --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Private Sector Development --- Private Sector Economics --- Productivity --- Social Protections and Labor --- Structural Reform --- Structural Transformation --- Trade Reform
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