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The pedestrian loading on civil engineering structures is usually determined by using equivalent load models or by directly measuring the imposed forces on a rigid floor. Direct measurements are however costly and often only feasible in the laboratory. Additionally, a pedestrian that moves on a flexible bridge tends to adapt to the bridge motion and the load models currently available are therefore no longer valid. The objective of this thesis is to use an inverse dynamic technique to identify the actual loading based on measured vibrations. 

The acceleration measurements are carried out on the Geierlay footbridge in Germany. These are then analysed to determine the modal properties of the structure, such as the natural frequencies and the damping ratios.

A joint input-state estimation algorithm is used to identify the pedestrian load, knowing the output accelerations. Before applying this inverse force identification technique to the real-world example, it is validated by two academic test cases. The first one is a 7m long, simply-supported concrete slab, such as in K. Van Nimmen et al. 'Inverse identification of pedestrian-induced loads' (ISMA, 2016), where the modal properties are already given as well as the resulting modal load. The influence of different parameters is also analysed. The second example is the extension of the former, by using the Geierlays length and its modal properties. 

The method is then applied to the Geierlay footbridge using the measured accelerations. Finally, the results are compared to existing load models with the goal to propose improvements.

Joint input-state estimation algorithm --- Flexible footbridge --- Pedestrian load --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie civile

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The electrical demands in several countries around the world are increasing due to the huge energy requirements of prosperous economies and the human activities of modern life. In order to economically transfer electrical powers from the generation side to the demand side, these powers need to be transferred at high-voltage levels through suitable transmission systems and power substations. To this end, high-voltage transmission systems and power substations are in demand. Actually, they are at the heart of interconnected power systems, in which any faults might lead to unsuitable consequences, abnormal operation situations, security issues, and even power cuts and blackouts. In order to cope with the ever-increasing operation and control complexity and security in interconnected high-voltage power systems, new architectures, concepts, algorithms, and procedures are essential. This book aims to encourage researchers to address the technical issues and research gaps in high-voltage transmission systems and power substations in modern energy systems.

VFTO suppression --- GIS --- high-frequency inductance calculation --- damping busbar --- dynamic state estimation (DSE) --- synchronous machine --- ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) --- Sage–Husa algorithm --- grounding grid --- magnetic field --- orientation --- transient electromagnetic method (TEM) --- traction power-supply system --- protective relay --- digital simulator --- monitoring and controlling system --- railway --- transformer --- transmission line --- discrete wavelet transform --- mother wavelet --- fault classification --- multiprocessor system --- online non-clairvoyant scheduling --- weighted flow time --- potential analysis --- energy efficiency --- modular multilevel converter --- STATCOM --- optimization --- harmonics --- Harris Hawk’s optimization --- Atom search optimization --- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy --- contamination --- insulators --- salt --- calibration curves --- PV water pumping --- high gain DC-DC converter --- modified LUO converter --- hybrid MPPT algorithm --- grey wolf optimizer --- cyber-physical security --- microgrid --- cyber-attacks --- n/a --- Sage-Husa algorithm --- Harris Hawk's optimization

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Modern power and energy systems are characterized by the wide integration of distributed generation, storage and electric vehicles, adoption of ICT solutions, and interconnection of different energy carriers and consumer engagement, posing new challenges and creating new opportunities. Advanced testing and validation methods are needed to efficiently validate power equipment and controls in the contemporary complex environment and support the transition to a cleaner and sustainable energy system. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation has proven to be an effective method for validating and de-risking power system equipment in highly realistic, flexible, and repeatable conditions. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) are the two main HIL simulation methods used in industry and academia that contribute to system-level testing enhancement by exploiting the flexibility of digital simulations in testing actual controllers and power equipment. This book addresses recent advances in real-time HIL simulation in several domains (also in new and promising areas), including technique improvements to promote its wider use. It is composed of 14 papers dealing with advances in HIL testing of power electronic converters, power system protection, modeling for real-time digital simulation, co-simulation, geographically distributed HIL, and multiphysics HIL, among other topics.

Technology: general issues --- design methodology --- FPGA --- hardware in the loop --- LabVIEW --- real-time simulation --- power converters --- HIL --- CHIL --- integrated laboratories --- real-time communication platform --- power system testing --- co-simulation --- geographically distributed simulations --- power system protection and control --- holistic testing --- lab testing --- field testing --- PHIL --- PSIL --- pre-certification --- smart grids --- standards --- replica controller --- TCSC --- DPT --- testing --- control and protection --- large-scale power system --- voltage regulation --- distribution system --- power hardware-in-the-loop --- distributed energy resources --- extremum seeking control --- particle swarm optimization --- state estimation --- reactive power support --- volt–VAR --- model-based design --- multi physics simulation --- marine propulsion --- ship dynamic --- DC microgrid --- shipboard power systems --- under-frequency load shedding --- intelligent electronic device --- proof of concept --- hardware-in-the-loop testing --- real-time digital simulator --- frequency stability margin --- rate-of-change-of-frequency --- geographically distributed real-time simulation --- remote power hardware-in-the-Loop --- grid-forming converter --- hardware-in-the-loop --- simulation fidelity --- energy-based metric --- energy residual --- quasi-stationary --- Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) --- Control HIL (CHIL) --- Power HIL (PHIL) --- testing of smart grid technologies --- power electronics --- shifted frequency analysis --- dynamic phasors --- real-time hybrid-simulator (RTHS) --- hybrid simulation --- hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) --- dynamic performance test (DPT) --- real-time simulator (RTS) --- testing of replicas --- multi-rate simulation --- EMT --- control --- inverters --- inverter-dominated grids --- power system transients --- predictive control --- hydro-electric plant --- variable speed operation --- ‘Hill Charts’ --- reduced-scale model --- testing and validation

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Modern power and energy systems are characterized by the wide integration of distributed generation, storage and electric vehicles, adoption of ICT solutions, and interconnection of different energy carriers and consumer engagement, posing new challenges and creating new opportunities. Advanced testing and validation methods are needed to efficiently validate power equipment and controls in the contemporary complex environment and support the transition to a cleaner and sustainable energy system. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation has proven to be an effective method for validating and de-risking power system equipment in highly realistic, flexible, and repeatable conditions. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) are the two main HIL simulation methods used in industry and academia that contribute to system-level testing enhancement by exploiting the flexibility of digital simulations in testing actual controllers and power equipment. This book addresses recent advances in real-time HIL simulation in several domains (also in new and promising areas), including technique improvements to promote its wider use. It is composed of 14 papers dealing with advances in HIL testing of power electronic converters, power system protection, modeling for real-time digital simulation, co-simulation, geographically distributed HIL, and multiphysics HIL, among other topics.

design methodology --- FPGA --- hardware in the loop --- LabVIEW --- real-time simulation --- power converters --- HIL --- CHIL --- integrated laboratories --- real-time communication platform --- power system testing --- co-simulation --- geographically distributed simulations --- power system protection and control --- holistic testing --- lab testing --- field testing --- PHIL --- PSIL --- pre-certification --- smart grids --- standards --- replica controller --- TCSC --- DPT --- testing --- control and protection --- large-scale power system --- voltage regulation --- distribution system --- power hardware-in-the-loop --- distributed energy resources --- extremum seeking control --- particle swarm optimization --- state estimation --- reactive power support --- volt–VAR --- model-based design --- multi physics simulation --- marine propulsion --- ship dynamic --- DC microgrid --- shipboard power systems --- under-frequency load shedding --- intelligent electronic device --- proof of concept --- hardware-in-the-loop testing --- real-time digital simulator --- frequency stability margin --- rate-of-change-of-frequency --- geographically distributed real-time simulation --- remote power hardware-in-the-Loop --- grid-forming converter --- hardware-in-the-loop --- simulation fidelity --- energy-based metric --- energy residual --- quasi-stationary --- Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) --- Control HIL (CHIL) --- Power HIL (PHIL) --- testing of smart grid technologies --- power electronics --- shifted frequency analysis --- dynamic phasors --- real-time hybrid-simulator (RTHS) --- hybrid simulation --- hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) --- dynamic performance test (DPT) --- real-time simulator (RTS) --- testing of replicas --- multi-rate simulation --- EMT --- control --- inverters --- inverter-dominated grids --- power system transients --- predictive control --- hydro-electric plant --- variable speed operation --- ‘Hill Charts’ --- reduced-scale model --- testing and validation

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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Modern power and energy systems are characterized by the wide integration of distributed generation, storage and electric vehicles, adoption of ICT solutions, and interconnection of different energy carriers and consumer engagement, posing new challenges and creating new opportunities. Advanced testing and validation methods are needed to efficiently validate power equipment and controls in the contemporary complex environment and support the transition to a cleaner and sustainable energy system. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation has proven to be an effective method for validating and de-risking power system equipment in highly realistic, flexible, and repeatable conditions. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) are the two main HIL simulation methods used in industry and academia that contribute to system-level testing enhancement by exploiting the flexibility of digital simulations in testing actual controllers and power equipment. This book addresses recent advances in real-time HIL simulation in several domains (also in new and promising areas), including technique improvements to promote its wider use. It is composed of 14 papers dealing with advances in HIL testing of power electronic converters, power system protection, modeling for real-time digital simulation, co-simulation, geographically distributed HIL, and multiphysics HIL, among other topics.

Technology: general issues --- design methodology --- FPGA --- hardware in the loop --- LabVIEW --- real-time simulation --- power converters --- HIL --- CHIL --- integrated laboratories --- real-time communication platform --- power system testing --- co-simulation --- geographically distributed simulations --- power system protection and control --- holistic testing --- lab testing --- field testing --- PHIL --- PSIL --- pre-certification --- smart grids --- standards --- replica controller --- TCSC --- DPT --- testing --- control and protection --- large-scale power system --- voltage regulation --- distribution system --- power hardware-in-the-loop --- distributed energy resources --- extremum seeking control --- particle swarm optimization --- state estimation --- reactive power support --- volt–VAR --- model-based design --- multi physics simulation --- marine propulsion --- ship dynamic --- DC microgrid --- shipboard power systems --- under-frequency load shedding --- intelligent electronic device --- proof of concept --- hardware-in-the-loop testing --- real-time digital simulator --- frequency stability margin --- rate-of-change-of-frequency --- geographically distributed real-time simulation --- remote power hardware-in-the-Loop --- grid-forming converter --- hardware-in-the-loop --- simulation fidelity --- energy-based metric --- energy residual --- quasi-stationary --- Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) --- Control HIL (CHIL) --- Power HIL (PHIL) --- testing of smart grid technologies --- power electronics --- shifted frequency analysis --- dynamic phasors --- real-time hybrid-simulator (RTHS) --- hybrid simulation --- hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) --- dynamic performance test (DPT) --- real-time simulator (RTS) --- testing of replicas --- multi-rate simulation --- EMT --- control --- inverters --- inverter-dominated grids --- power system transients --- predictive control --- hydro-electric plant --- variable speed operation --- ‘Hill Charts’ --- reduced-scale model --- testing and validation