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provides a detailed account of principles, challenges and opportunities in simpler yet compact manner for better understanding of the researchers and policy makers.

Integrated agricultural systems. --- Soil fertility --- Crops --- Nutrition

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La gestion durable de la fertilité des sols a un rôle à jouer dans l’atténuation du réchauffement climatique et est un défi majeur pour le maintien d’une production agricole durable. La transition vers de nouvelles pratiques de gestion durable des terres qui maintiennent la fertilité des sols est nécessaire. Dans ce contexte, la culture sur butte permacole, technique agricole qui se base sur l’activité biologique du sol et l’apport massif de matière organique pour maintenir sa fertilité, suscite un intérêt croissant. 
Ce travail a pour objectif de contribuer à l’évaluation de la fertilité de quatre types de buttes permanentes de style permacole en plus d’un témoin non butté. 
La fertilité du sol a été évaluée par l’analyse des propriétés physiques, chimiques et biologiques du sol de chaque type de butte et du témoin. En plus de cela, la croissance des cultures mises en place a été suivie tout au long de la saison de culture et leur biomasse a été mesurée.
Le carbone organique total et l’azote total semblent plus élevés dans les buttes forestières, en lasagne et sandwich grâce à l’apport de matière organique. La densité apparente semble plus faible et la porosité totale plus élevée dans les buttes en lasagne, forestières et sandwich, sans doute pour la même raison. Les témoins et les buttes en terre semblent contenir plus d’eau disponible pour les plantes que les buttes contenant de la matière organique. La butte favorise le réchauffement du sol à 12 cm de profondeur grâce à sa forme arrondie. La culture sur buttes composées de matière organique augmente significativement la biomasse microbienne. L’activité microbienne est plus élevée dans les buttes sandwich, en terre et en lasagne. La production de biomasse végétale est considérablement supérieure sur les buttes forestières par rapport aux témoins non buttés, certainement grâce à une meilleure fertilité chimique (carbone organique total et azote total plus élevés) et physique (densité apparente plus faible et porosité totale plus élevée) dues à l’apport de matière organique. Les buttes sandwich sont les moins productives sans doute à cause d’une faim d’azote. 
Au terme de cette première année d’expérimentation, les résultats montrent clairement que la culture sur butte de style permacole a une influence sur le rendement et les propriétés physiques, chimiques et biologiques du sol par rapport à la culture sur sol non butté. Les effets bénéfiques des buttes permacoles étant généralement observés après plusieurs années, l’étude de la fertilité des buttes de style permacole devra nécessairement s’étendre sur plusieurs années. Sustainable soil fertility management has a role to play in mitigating global warming and is a major challenge for maintaining sustainable agricultural production. The transition to new sustainable land management practices that maintain soil fertility is necessary. In this context, there is growing interest in permaculture mound farming, a farming technique that relies on soil biological activity and massive organic matter input to maintain soil fertility. 
The objective of this work is to contribute to the evaluation of the fertility of four types of permaculture style mounds in addition to a non-mounded control. 
Soil fertility was assessed by analysing the physical, chemical and biological soil properties of each mound type and the control. In addition, the growth of the planted crops was monitored throughout the growing season and their biomass was measured.
Total organic carbon and total nitrogen appeared to be higher in the hugel, lasagne and sandwich mounds due to the addition of organic matter. Bulk density appeared to be lower and total porosity higher in the lasagne, hugel and sandwich mounds, probably for the same reason. Controls and soil mounds appear to have more plant available water than mounds with organic matter. The mound favours soil warming at a depth of 12 cm due to its rounded shape. Cultivation on mounds composed of organic matter significantly increases microbial biomass. Microbial activity is higher in sandwich, soil and lasagne mounds. Plant biomass production is significantly higher on the hugel mounds than on the unmounded controls, probably due to better chemical (higher total organic carbon and total nitrogen) and physical (lower bulk density and higher total porosity) fertility due to the organic matter input. The sandwich mounds were the least productive, probably due to nitrogen deficiency. 
At the end of this first year of experimentation, the results clearly show that permaculture style mound cultivation has an influence on the yield and the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil compared to cultivation on non-mounded soil. As the beneficial effects of permaculture mounds are generally observed after several years, the study of the fertility of permaculture style mounds over several years is necessary.

Transition agricole --- Butte permanente --- Fertilité du sol --- Matière organique --- Agriculture durable --- Agricultural transition --- Permanent mound --- Soil fertility --- Organic matter --- Sustainable agriculture --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie

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"Controlled Release Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture provides a comprehensive examination of precision fertilizer applications using the 4-R approach--the right amount of fertilizer at the right time to the right plant at the correct stage of plant growth. This volume consolidates detailed information on each aspect of controlled release fertilizers, including up-to-date literature citations, the current market for controlled release fertilizers and patents. Presenting the tremendous advances in experimental and theoretical studies on sustainable agriculture and related areas, this book provides in-depth insight into state-of-the-art controlled release mechanisms of fertilizers, techniques, and their use in sustainable agriculture. Conventional release mechanisms have historically meant waste of fertilizers and the adverse effects of that waste on the environment. Controlled release delivery makes significant strides in enhancing fertilizer benefit to the target plant, while protecting the surrounding environment and increasing sustainability."--

Fertilizers. --- Fertilizers --- Sustainable agriculture. --- Environmental aspects. --- Low-input agriculture --- Low-input sustainable agriculture --- Lower input agriculture --- Resource-efficient agriculture --- Sustainable farming --- Agriculture --- Alternative agriculture --- Artificial fertilizers --- Chemical fertilizers --- Crops --- Fertilisers --- Fertilization of soils --- Fertilizers and manures --- Field crops --- Soils --- Agricultural chemicals --- Plants --- Soil amendments --- Soil fertility --- Fertilization --- Nutrition

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The challenges to meet the food requirement of the burgeoning population and stabilized productivity of agriculture lands can only be met by a second green revolution. After steadily declining for over a decade hunger is on the rise again, affecting million people of the global population. Therefore, crop yields must be increased substantially over the coming decades to keep pace with global food demand. The plant rhizosphere is a multidimensional and dynamic ecological environment of complicated microbe–plant interactions for harnessing essential macro and micronutrients from a limited nutrient pool. This book will showcase naturally-occurring endophyte which can be explored for nutrient mineralization and mobilization for sustainable agriculture. This will cover recent trends, prospects, critical commentaries and advancement in the research area focusing on naturally-occurring beneficial endophytic microbes. Thus, it is proposed to bring out new scientific insights and frontiers of research that have exploration of endophyte for mineral nutrient management in soil and crops. The chapters are contributed by leading scientists across the globe. The book will be useful to agronomists, microbiologists, ecologists, plant pathologists, molecular biologists, environmentalists, policy makers, conservationists, and NGOs working for the crop production and productivity development and consequently over all agricultural significance.

Agriculture. --- Biotechnology. --- Microbiology. --- Bioinformatics. --- Ethics. --- Agricultural Ethics. --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Biology --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Data processing --- Plants --- Soil fertility. --- Endophytes. --- Soils --- Fallowing --- Fertilizers --- Soil productivity --- Fertilization --- Fertilizer movement --- Bacteriology --- Microbiologia --- Fertilitat del sòl --- Fertilitat dels sòls --- Adobs --- Biologia --- Bacteriologia --- Ecologia microbiana --- Genètica microbiana --- Microbiologia agrícola --- Microbiologia aquàtica --- Microbiologia dels sòls --- Microbiologia mèdica --- Microbiologia molecular --- Protozous --- Química microbiològica --- Virologia --- Microorganismes --- Microscòpia --- Guaret

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The anthropogenic loading of phosphorus (P) to water bodies continues to increase worldwide, in many cases leading to increased eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Determining the sources of P and the biogeochemical processes responsible for this increase is often difficult because of the complexity of the inputs and pathways, which vary both in spatial and temporal scales. In order to effectively develop strategies to improve water quality, it is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relationship of P pools with biological uptake and cycling under varied soil and water conditions. In this ebook, eight chapters cover the various aspects of basic-applied research on mineral–P interaction and how these reactions impact P mobilization, bioavailability, transfer, and speciation of P in different soil matrices using advanced analytical methods. Some of these methods include the application of XANES and field-based research related to stream bank legacy nutrients; natural and anthropogenic eutrophication and its relationship to climate change; and the evaluation of the impact of P due to (i) grazing systems, (ii) weathering and vegetation, and iii) soil and manure management practices. In addition, two review chapters take a holistic approach to cover an expansive area of P transformation processes along the cropland–riparian–stream continuum and the assessment of legacy P. Together, these contributions improve our current understanding of the reactions and processes that impact P concentration, speciation, cycling, loss, and transfer from agroecosystems.

Research & information: general --- eutrophication --- phosphorus --- water quality --- sediment --- dissolved oxygen --- phosphorus mobilization --- climate change --- algae bloom --- legacy sediments --- equilibrium phosphorus concentration --- sorption --- desorption --- anoxic --- chemical P extraction --- microanalysis --- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy --- soil P --- vertical and horizontal P distribution --- runoff water --- exclusions --- strategic grazing --- dissolved reactive phosphorus --- total phosphorus --- soil test phosphorus --- soil stratification --- soil fertility --- phosphorus cycling --- weathering --- iron speciation --- biogeochemistry --- legacy phosphorus --- speciation --- transformation --- accessibility --- best management practices --- corn silage --- erosion --- nutrient management --- liquid manure --- surface runoff --- agriculture --- riparian buffers --- critical source areas --- overland flow --- hydropedology --- snowmelt --- streamflow --- tile drainage --- phosphorus kinetics --- Fe-Al-hydroxide mixtures --- histidine --- malic acid --- n/a