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Conventional wisdom emerging from China and other autocracies claims that single-party legislatures and elections are mutually beneficial for citizens and autocrats. This line of thought reasons that these institutions can serve multiple functions, like constraining political leaders or providing information about citizens. In United Front, Paul Schuler challenges these views through his examination of the past and present functioning of the Vietnam National Assembly (VNA), arguing that the legislature's primary role is to signal strength to the public. When active, the critical behavior from delegates in the legislature represents cross fire within the regime rather than genuine citizen feedback. In making these arguments, Schuler counters a growing scholarly trend to see democratic institutions within single-party settings like China and Vietnam as useful for citizens or regime performance. His argument also suggests that there are limits to generating genuinely "consultative authoritarianism" through quasi-democratic institutions. Applying a diverse range of cutting-edge social science methods on a wealth of original data such as legislative speeches, election returns, and surveys, Schuler shows that even in a seemingly vociferous legislature like the VNA, the ultimate purpose of the institution is not to reflect the views of citizens, but rather to signal the regime's preferences while taking down rivals.

Authoritarianism --- Legislative bodies --- Vietnam. --- Vietnam --- Politics and government --- China. --- Southeast Asia. --- authoritarian elections. --- authoritarian institutions. --- authoritarian legislatures. --- authoritarian regimes. --- co-optation. --- power sharing. --- signaling.

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This book provides new and in-depth insights into molecular aspects of plant cell signaling in response to biotic, such as aphid- and grey mold disease-resistance, and abiotic stresses, such as soil salinity and drought stress, and additionally, functional analysis on signaling components involved in flowering, juvenility, GA signaling, and biosynthesis, and miRNA-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, plant acclimation was reported, with emphasis on mechanistic insights into the roles of brassinosteroids, cyclic AMP, and hydrogen sulfide, and the recent advances of transmembrane receptor-like kinases were refined. Clearly, plant cell signaling is an intensive topic and whether it is now or in the future, the emerging technology in functional analysis such as genome editing technologies, high-throughput technologies, integrative multiple-omics as well as bioinformatics can assist researchers to reveal novel aspects of the regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and development, and acclimation to environmental and biotic stresses. The achievement of such research will be useful in improving crop stress tolerances to increase agricultural productivity and sustainability for the food supply of the world.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- salinity --- selenium (Se) --- crops --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- enzymatic anti-oxidative system --- drought --- GA --- DELLA --- ABF2 --- protein-protein interaction --- Arabidopsis --- endocytosis --- microRNAs --- miPEPs --- peptides --- development --- kinase --- receptor --- stress --- tobacco --- calcium --- calcite --- reactive oxygen species --- ion channels --- cellular signalization --- brassinosteroids --- receptor-like kinases --- GSK3-like kinases --- somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases --- protein phosphatases --- Malus domestica --- Rosaceae --- juvenility --- FLOWERING LOCUS C --- flowering --- Hydrogen sulfide --- S-sulfhydration --- plant hormone --- gasotransmitter --- disease resistance --- plant defense --- herbivore --- phytohormone --- plant biotic stress --- plant signalling --- Medicago truncatula --- abiotic stress --- cAMP --- cyclic nucleotides-gated channels --- plant innate immunity --- Botrytis cinerea --- tomato --- iprodione --- mutant --- transcriptome analysis --- metabolism --- catalytic activity --- dwarfism --- gene cloning --- MNP1 --- CPS --- ABA signaling --- brassinosteroid signaling cascade --- drought tolerance --- priming --- stress adaptation --- stress memory --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- DELLA/TVHYNP --- Dwarf --- GA20OX2 --- GA signaling --- salinity --- selenium (Se) --- crops --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- enzymatic anti-oxidative system --- drought --- GA --- DELLA --- ABF2 --- protein-protein interaction --- Arabidopsis --- endocytosis --- microRNAs --- miPEPs --- peptides --- development --- kinase --- receptor --- stress --- tobacco --- calcium --- calcite --- reactive oxygen species --- ion channels --- cellular signalization --- brassinosteroids --- receptor-like kinases --- GSK3-like kinases --- somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases --- protein phosphatases --- Malus domestica --- Rosaceae --- juvenility --- FLOWERING LOCUS C --- flowering --- Hydrogen sulfide --- S-sulfhydration --- plant hormone --- gasotransmitter --- disease resistance --- plant defense --- herbivore --- phytohormone --- plant biotic stress --- plant signalling --- Medicago truncatula --- abiotic stress --- cAMP --- cyclic nucleotides-gated channels --- plant innate immunity --- Botrytis cinerea --- tomato --- iprodione --- mutant --- transcriptome analysis --- metabolism --- catalytic activity --- dwarfism --- gene cloning --- MNP1 --- CPS --- ABA signaling --- brassinosteroid signaling cascade --- drought tolerance --- priming --- stress adaptation --- stress memory --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- DELLA/TVHYNP --- Dwarf --- GA20OX2 --- GA signaling

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Machine learning. --- Internet of things. --- Underwater acoustic telemetry. --- Acoustic telemetry, Underwater --- Telemetry, Underwater acoustic --- Telesonar --- Undersea acoustic telemetry --- Underwater acoustic communication systems --- Signals and signaling, Submarine --- Telecommunication --- Underwater acoustics --- IoT (Computer networks) --- Things, Internet of --- Computer networks --- Embedded Internet devices --- Machine-to-machine communications --- Learning, Machine --- Artificial intelligence --- Machine theory

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This book presents the advances in plant salinity stress and tolerance, including mechanistic insights revealed using powerful molecular tools and multi-omics and gene functions studied by genetic engineering and advanced biotechnological methods. Additionally, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the improvement of plant salinity tolerance and the underlying mechanisms and progress in breeding for salinity-tolerant rice are comprehensively discussed. Clearly, the published data have contributed to the significant progress in expanding our knowledge in the field of plant salinity stress and the results are valuable in developing salinity-stress-tolerant crops; in benefiting their quality and productivity; and eventually, in supporting the sustainability of the world food supply.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- watermelon --- salt stress --- RNA-seq --- amino acids --- endocytosis --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- halophyte --- high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) --- Na+ transporter --- salt tolerance --- Sporobolus virginicus --- aquaporins --- barley --- ion transport --- oocytes --- plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) --- GmbZIP15 --- transcription factor --- drought stress --- soybean --- biotechnology breeding --- high-throughput sequencing --- QTLs --- rice --- halophytic wild barley --- salinity --- osmotic stress --- metabolome --- transcriptome --- ionome --- stress adaptation --- Hordeum marinum --- aquaporin --- Zygophyllum xanthoxylum --- plant growth --- abiotic stress --- sensing --- signaling --- transcription factors --- osmoregulation --- antioxidation --- ion homeostasis --- jasmonates --- jasmonate signaling pathway --- crosstalk --- exogenous jasmonate applications --- GWAS --- PGPR --- ACC deaminase --- seed priming --- IAA --- cell wall integrity --- cell wall sensor --- LRXs --- CrRLK1Ls --- Millettia pinnata --- calmodulin-like --- heterologous expression --- halophiles --- plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) --- RNA sequence analysis (RNA-seq) --- quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) --- watermelon --- salt stress --- RNA-seq --- amino acids --- endocytosis --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- halophyte --- high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) --- Na+ transporter --- salt tolerance --- Sporobolus virginicus --- aquaporins --- barley --- ion transport --- oocytes --- plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) --- GmbZIP15 --- transcription factor --- drought stress --- soybean --- biotechnology breeding --- high-throughput sequencing --- QTLs --- rice --- halophytic wild barley --- salinity --- osmotic stress --- metabolome --- transcriptome --- ionome --- stress adaptation --- Hordeum marinum --- aquaporin --- Zygophyllum xanthoxylum --- plant growth --- abiotic stress --- sensing --- signaling --- transcription factors --- osmoregulation --- antioxidation --- ion homeostasis --- jasmonates --- jasmonate signaling pathway --- crosstalk --- exogenous jasmonate applications --- GWAS --- PGPR --- ACC deaminase --- seed priming --- IAA --- cell wall integrity --- cell wall sensor --- LRXs --- CrRLK1Ls --- Millettia pinnata --- calmodulin-like --- heterologous expression --- halophiles --- plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) --- RNA sequence analysis (RNA-seq) --- quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR)

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Membrane transporters are of vital importance for cells. They mediate the flux of many substances through the plasma membrane. In this book, the transporters for organic cations, a special class of membrane transporters, are presented. Transporters belonging to this class are important because they allow many neurotransmitters (e.g., histamine and serotonin) and many drugs (e.g., trospium and tofacitinib) to permeate the plasma membrane. Therefore, transporters for organic cations can modulate the action of neurotransmitters and drugs, having in this way important physiological and pharmacological implications. These aspects are illustrated in original works and reviews presented in this book. Using a system biology approach, the global significance of different transporters working together has been illustrated. Regulation mechanisms determining their expression in specific organs and modulating their function are also described in this book, also concerning their role for special drug toxicities. Such an aspect is also discussed in relationship to mutations (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of transporters for organic cations. Finally, the translational value of studies performed in flies, mice, and rats is discussed. Therefore, this book offers integrative information on transporters for organic cations, which may be of interest to beginners and specialized scientists in this field.

transporters --- endogenous metabolism --- functional subgroups --- SLC22 --- remote sensing and signaling --- drug transporters --- gut microbiome --- chronic kidney disease --- solute carrier 22 (SLC22) --- Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory --- interorgan communication --- organic anion transporter --- organic cation transporter --- SLC22A15 --- SLC22A16 --- SLC22A18 --- kidney --- Malpighian tubule --- TCGA --- human pathology atlas --- gene ontology --- organic cations --- transport --- kidneys --- regulation --- Nuclear receptor --- renal excretion --- bile acids --- organic cation transporters --- drug disposition --- genetic polymorphisms --- drug-induced kidney injury --- nephrotoxicity --- RA --- Tofacitinib --- Baricitinib --- MATE1 --- solute carrier (SLC) family --- OCT1 --- SLC22A1 --- species differences --- drugs --- pesticides --- cisplatin nephrotoxicity --- PPAR-alpha --- organic transporters --- serotonin transporter --- plasma membrane monoamine transporter --- ketamine --- isoflurane --- serotonin clearance --- antidepressant-like activity --- chronoamperometry --- tail suspension test --- forced swim test --- hepatotoxicity --- solute carrier --- pulmonary drug delivery --- SLC22A1–5 --- lung epithelium --- drug uptake --- β2-agonists --- chronic lung diseases --- anticholinergics --- trospium --- OCT --- MATE --- drug excretion --- drug transport --- n/a --- SLC22A1-5