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Aujourd’hui, la hausse des températures et l’intensification des événements climatiques extrêmes plus violents et plus fréquents, entraînent des changements dans l’arboriculture française et poussent à revoir le mode de culture et leur aire géographique. Ces changements culturaux ont des impacts directs et visibles sur la multidimensionnalité des enjeux du paysage (socio-culturels, environnementaux, économiques). Ce travail s’intéresse tout particulièrement à l’architecture et à l’impact spatial des noyeraies en terme de paysage. De ce constat, deux hypothèses divergeantes vont être développées dans la suite du travail. Dans un premier temps, l’aspect socio-culturel du paysage de noyeraie est indissociable du Périgord. Ensuite, le paysage nucicole est remis en cause par des indicateurs climatiques. Cela permettra de répondre à la question centrale de ce TFE: Changements climatiques futurs et contemporains: quel avenir pour le paysage de nuciculture en Périgord ?
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Maria Lassnig (1919-2014) is internationally recognized as one of the most important painters of the 20th and 21st centuries. The leitmotif of her painting, the act of rendering her "body awareness" visible found additional expression in film in the early 1970s. During her time in New York, Lassnig studied animation at the School of Visual Arts and began to film in 8mm and 16mm. While several of these New York films have long since been part of her canonical works (e.g. Selfportrait, Iris, Couples, Shapes), many remained unfinished. These "films in progress" can be regarded as autobiographical notes as well as an artistic experiment featuring many of Lassnig's recognizable subjets and methods. In 2018, this filmic legacy was restored and in many cases completed according to Lassnig's original concept and instructions by two close collaborators, artists Hans Werner Poschauko and Mara Mattuschka, and presented to great international acclaim. This English-language publication provides the first comprehensive index of Lassnig's film works, offering insight into the filmmaker's world of ideas through a wide selection of Lassnig's own previously unpublished notes. It also includes a selection of Lassnig's "films in progress" on DVD. Two essays by James Boaden and Stefanie Proksch-Weilguni place Lassnig's work in the context of the US-American film avant-garde of the 1970s, while conversations with Mara Mattuschka, Hans Werner Poschauko and the restoration team shed a light on the rediscovery of Lassnig's fascinating films
Motion picture plays, Austrian. --- Animated films --- Motion pictures, Austrian. --- Scénarios de cinéma autrichiens. --- Cinéma autrichien. --- Lassnig, Maria --- Lassnig, Maria. --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Women artists --- Experimental films --- Motion pictures, Austrian --- Motion picture plays, Austrian
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This open access book addresses the way in which urban and urbanizing regions profoundly impact and are impacted by climate change. The editors and authors show why cities must wage simultaneous battles to curb global climate change trends while adapting and transforming to address local climate impacts. This book addresses how cities develop anticipatory and long-range planning capacities for more resilient futures, earnest collaboration across disciplines, and radical reconfigurations of the power regimes that have institutionalized the disenfranchisement of minority groups. Although planning processes consider visions for the future, the editors highlight a more ambitious long-term positive visioning approach that accounts for unpredictability, system dynamics and equity in decision-making. This volume brings the science of urban transformation together with practices of professionals who govern and manage our social, ecological and technological systems to design processes by which cities may achieve resilient urban futures in the face of climate change.
Urban & municipal planning --- Climate change --- Sustainability --- Urban Geography / Urbanism (inc. megacities, cities, towns) --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts --- Sustainable Development --- Urban Geography and Urbanism --- Earth System Sciences --- Environmental Social Sciences --- Urban Resilience --- Urban Futures --- Sustainability Science --- Urban Transformation --- Future Scenarios --- Climate Change --- Open Access Urban Book
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Savanna and grassland biomes cover more of the earth's surface than any other biome type, and yet they are still largely understudied. In recent decades, global savanna and grassland ecosystems have become more prominent in the literature focused on global change dynamics. Savanna and grasslands represent unique biomes with their own challenges, both in terms of their study and in terms of their complexity, leading to many contradictory and often controversial findings. The global threats to these systems are potentially significant, from climate change impacts to human management challenges, from possible degradation to complete desertification, which vary across disturbance regime shifts. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences, “Dynamics of Global Savanna and Grassland Biomes”, is intended for a wide and interdisciplinary audience, and covers recent advances in: - drivers of vegetation dynamics - further understanding carbon interactions in these critical landscapes - advances in modeling both current and future system states - tipping points in savanna systems - human-environment interactions and challenges for management - biodiversity and ecosystem services
Research & information: general --- climate change --- SAVANNA --- simulation --- scenarios --- livestock --- rangeland productivity --- CO2 effects --- remote sensing --- vegetation dynamics --- savanna landscapes --- national parks --- conservation --- temperate meadow steppe --- grassland degradation --- biomass --- vegetation --- community characteristics --- enclosure --- restoration --- management --- policy options --- neotropical savannas --- woody conversion --- support vector machine classification --- land cover change --- protected areas --- Payne's Creek National Park --- endemism --- floristics --- nomadic --- yaks --- culture --- altitude --- watersheds --- rivers --- biodiversity --- grassland management --- land degradation --- rodents --- policy --- interventions --- climate change --- SAVANNA --- simulation --- scenarios --- livestock --- rangeland productivity --- CO2 effects --- remote sensing --- vegetation dynamics --- savanna landscapes --- national parks --- conservation --- temperate meadow steppe --- grassland degradation --- biomass --- vegetation --- community characteristics --- enclosure --- restoration --- management --- policy options --- neotropical savannas --- woody conversion --- support vector machine classification --- land cover change --- protected areas --- Payne's Creek National Park --- endemism --- floristics --- nomadic --- yaks --- culture --- altitude --- watersheds --- rivers --- biodiversity --- grassland management --- land degradation --- rodents --- policy --- interventions
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Savanna and grassland biomes cover more of the earth's surface than any other biome type, and yet they are still largely understudied. In recent decades, global savanna and grassland ecosystems have become more prominent in the literature focused on global change dynamics. Savanna and grasslands represent unique biomes with their own challenges, both in terms of their study and in terms of their complexity, leading to many contradictory and often controversial findings. The global threats to these systems are potentially significant, from climate change impacts to human management challenges, from possible degradation to complete desertification, which vary across disturbance regime shifts. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences, “Dynamics of Global Savanna and Grassland Biomes”, is intended for a wide and interdisciplinary audience, and covers recent advances in: - drivers of vegetation dynamics - further understanding carbon interactions in these critical landscapes - advances in modeling both current and future system states - tipping points in savanna systems - human-environment interactions and challenges for management - biodiversity and ecosystem services
Research & information: general --- climate change --- SAVANNA --- simulation --- scenarios --- livestock --- rangeland productivity --- CO2 effects --- remote sensing --- vegetation dynamics --- savanna landscapes --- national parks --- conservation --- temperate meadow steppe --- grassland degradation --- biomass --- vegetation --- community characteristics --- enclosure --- restoration --- management --- policy options --- neotropical savannas --- woody conversion --- support vector machine classification --- land cover change --- protected areas --- Payne’s Creek National Park --- endemism --- floristics --- nomadic --- yaks --- culture --- altitude --- watersheds --- rivers --- biodiversity --- grassland management --- land degradation --- rodents --- policy --- interventions --- n/a --- Payne's Creek National Park
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Savanna and grassland biomes cover more of the earth's surface than any other biome type, and yet they are still largely understudied. In recent decades, global savanna and grassland ecosystems have become more prominent in the literature focused on global change dynamics. Savanna and grasslands represent unique biomes with their own challenges, both in terms of their study and in terms of their complexity, leading to many contradictory and often controversial findings. The global threats to these systems are potentially significant, from climate change impacts to human management challenges, from possible degradation to complete desertification, which vary across disturbance regime shifts. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences, “Dynamics of Global Savanna and Grassland Biomes”, is intended for a wide and interdisciplinary audience, and covers recent advances in: - drivers of vegetation dynamics - further understanding carbon interactions in these critical landscapes - advances in modeling both current and future system states - tipping points in savanna systems - human-environment interactions and challenges for management - biodiversity and ecosystem services
climate change --- SAVANNA --- simulation --- scenarios --- livestock --- rangeland productivity --- CO2 effects --- remote sensing --- vegetation dynamics --- savanna landscapes --- national parks --- conservation --- temperate meadow steppe --- grassland degradation --- biomass --- vegetation --- community characteristics --- enclosure --- restoration --- management --- policy options --- neotropical savannas --- woody conversion --- support vector machine classification --- land cover change --- protected areas --- Payne’s Creek National Park --- endemism --- floristics --- nomadic --- yaks --- culture --- altitude --- watersheds --- rivers --- biodiversity --- grassland management --- land degradation --- rodents --- policy --- interventions --- n/a --- Payne's Creek National Park
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The penetration of distributed generation, energy storages and smart loads has resulted in the emergence of prosumers: entities capable of adjusting their electricity production and consumption in order to meet environmental goals and to participate profitably in the available electricity markets. Significant untapped potential remains in the exploitation and coordination of small and medium-sized distributed energy resources. However, such resources usually have a primary purpose, which imposes constraints on the exploitation of the resource; for example, the primary purpose of an electric vehicle battery is for driving, so the battery could be used as temporary storage for excess photovoltaic energy only if the vehicle is available for driving when the owner expects it to be. The aggregation of several distributed energy resources is a solution for coping with the unavailability of one resource. Solutions are needed for managing the electricity production and consumption characteristics of diverse distributed energy resources in order to obtain prosumers with more generic capabilities and services for electricity production, storage, and consumption. This collection of articles studies such prosumers and the emergence of prosumer communities. Demand response-capable smart loads, battery storages and photovoltaic generation resources are forecasted and optimized to ensure energy-efficient and, in some cases, profitable operation of the resources.
power-to-heat --- sector coupling --- thermal storage --- district heat --- deep well heat pump --- hierarchical agglomerative clustering --- chronology --- demand response --- two-capacity building model --- residential users --- flexible loads shifting scenarios --- community of prosumers --- new consumption peak --- shared PV plant --- storage batteries --- load factor --- real-time pricing --- prosumers --- electricity price forecasting --- particle swarm optimization --- renewable energy --- peer-to-peer --- electricity market --- economic dispatch --- consensus + innovations --- distributed energy resources --- battery --- reinforcement learning --- simulation --- frequency reserve --- frequency containment reserve --- timescale --- artificial intelligence --- real-time
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The penetration of distributed generation, energy storages and smart loads has resulted in the emergence of prosumers: entities capable of adjusting their electricity production and consumption in order to meet environmental goals and to participate profitably in the available electricity markets. Significant untapped potential remains in the exploitation and coordination of small and medium-sized distributed energy resources. However, such resources usually have a primary purpose, which imposes constraints on the exploitation of the resource; for example, the primary purpose of an electric vehicle battery is for driving, so the battery could be used as temporary storage for excess photovoltaic energy only if the vehicle is available for driving when the owner expects it to be. The aggregation of several distributed energy resources is a solution for coping with the unavailability of one resource. Solutions are needed for managing the electricity production and consumption characteristics of diverse distributed energy resources in order to obtain prosumers with more generic capabilities and services for electricity production, storage, and consumption. This collection of articles studies such prosumers and the emergence of prosumer communities. Demand response-capable smart loads, battery storages and photovoltaic generation resources are forecasted and optimized to ensure energy-efficient and, in some cases, profitable operation of the resources.
Technology: general issues --- Energy industries & utilities --- power-to-heat --- sector coupling --- thermal storage --- district heat --- deep well heat pump --- hierarchical agglomerative clustering --- chronology --- demand response --- two-capacity building model --- residential users --- flexible loads shifting scenarios --- community of prosumers --- new consumption peak --- shared PV plant --- storage batteries --- load factor --- real-time pricing --- prosumers --- electricity price forecasting --- particle swarm optimization --- renewable energy --- peer-to-peer --- electricity market --- economic dispatch --- consensus + innovations --- distributed energy resources --- battery --- reinforcement learning --- simulation --- frequency reserve --- frequency containment reserve --- timescale --- artificial intelligence --- real-time
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Climatic change causes a mismatch between tree populations on sites they currently occupy and the climate to which they have adapted in the past. The maintenance of productivity and of ecological and societal services requires resilient populations and ecosystems, particularly close to the vulnerable trailing (xeric) range limits. The studies confirm the selective effect of diverse habitat/climate conditions across the species ranges. Soil conditions may mask climate effects and should be considered separately. The unique potential of provenance tests is illustrated by growth response projections that may be less dramatic than provided by usual inventory data analyses. Assisted migration appears to be a feasible management action to compensate for climatic warming. However, the choice of populations needs special care under extreme conditions and outside the limits of current natural distribution ranges. The proper differentiation of measures according to the present and future adaptive challenges require the continuation of long-term analyses and the establishment of better focused field trials in disparate climates that contain populations from a representative range of habitats. The studies present results obtained from diverse regions of the temperate forest zone, from Central and Northwestern Europe, the Mediterranean, Russia, China, North and Central America.
Research & information: general --- Camptotheca acuminata --- MaxEnt --- climateAP --- suitable habitat --- climate change --- soil --- genetic variation --- seed sourcing --- forest management --- genetic conservation --- Pinus sylvestris --- climate-change impacts --- ecosystem responses to climate --- species distributions --- climatype distributions --- adaptive management --- provenance test --- genecology --- reforestation --- restoration --- conservation --- assisted migration --- climatic change --- climate transfer distance --- dryness index --- Abies religiosa --- survival --- mortality --- biomass --- basal diameter --- Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve --- Picea abies --- field trials --- provenances --- families --- clones --- height growth --- phenotypic stability --- phenotypic plasticity --- mountain forest --- tree species selection --- Scots pine --- adaptation --- wood anatomy --- tracheidogram --- traits --- common garden --- silver fir --- grand fir --- Balkan firs --- drought stress --- resilience --- scots pine seed mass and seed zones --- a provenance trial --- bioclimatic models --- an ensemble of general circulation models --- RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios --- Russia --- Camptotheca acuminata --- MaxEnt --- climateAP --- suitable habitat --- climate change --- soil --- genetic variation --- seed sourcing --- forest management --- genetic conservation --- Pinus sylvestris --- climate-change impacts --- ecosystem responses to climate --- species distributions --- climatype distributions --- adaptive management --- provenance test --- genecology --- reforestation --- restoration --- conservation --- assisted migration --- climatic change --- climate transfer distance --- dryness index --- Abies religiosa --- survival --- mortality --- biomass --- basal diameter --- Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve --- Picea abies --- field trials --- provenances --- families --- clones --- height growth --- phenotypic stability --- phenotypic plasticity --- mountain forest --- tree species selection --- Scots pine --- adaptation --- wood anatomy --- tracheidogram --- traits --- common garden --- silver fir --- grand fir --- Balkan firs --- drought stress --- resilience --- scots pine seed mass and seed zones --- a provenance trial --- bioclimatic models --- an ensemble of general circulation models --- RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios --- Russia
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The papers included in this Special Issue tackle multiple aspects of how cities, districts, and buildings could evolve along with climate change and how this would impact our way of conceiving and applying design criteria, policies, and urban plans. Despite the multidisciplinary nature of the collection, some transversal take-home messages emerge: • Today’s energy-efficient paradigms may lose their virtuosity in the future unless accurate estimates of future scenarios are used to design modelling platforms and to inform legislative frameworks; • Acting at the local scale is key. Future climate change adaptation will be implemented at the local level. Overlooking regional and local specificities will contribute to inaccurate and inefficient action plans. As such, the smaller scale will become vital in predicting future urban metabolic rates and corresponding comfort-driven strategies; • Energy poverty, heat vulnerability, and social injustice are emerging as critical factors for planning and acting for future-proof cities on par of micro- and meso-climatological factors; • Given that the impacts of climate change will persist for many years, adaptation to this phenomenon should be prioritized by removing any prominent barrier and by enabling combinations of different mitigation technologies. These topics will receive a global reach in few decades, since also developing and underdeveloped countries are starting their fight against local climate change, with cities at the forefront.
Research & information: general --- outdoor space --- thermal environment --- radiation environment --- wind environment --- heat-related mortality --- built environment --- urban resilience --- extreme heat --- climate change --- urban heat island --- heat stress from outside --- indoor environments --- tropics --- multi-level office buildings --- coastal cities --- Mediterranean climate --- urban heat island intensity --- sample year --- climate change adaptation --- barriers --- focus group discussion --- Tehran --- structural equation modeling --- urban management --- near-zero energy buildings --- future scenarios --- energy efficiency --- adaptive comfort --- long-term performance --- urban heat --- Australia --- UHI effect --- mitigation --- bushfire smoke --- indoor air quality --- filtration --- building envelope --- energy --- future weather data --- building energy performance --- thermal comfort --- statistical downscaling of climate models --- dynamical downscaling of climate models --- urban modelling --- cities --- buildings --- decarbonization --- urbanisation --- climate --- densification --- population --- temperature --- outdoor space --- thermal environment --- radiation environment --- wind environment --- heat-related mortality --- built environment --- urban resilience --- extreme heat --- climate change --- urban heat island --- heat stress from outside --- indoor environments --- tropics --- multi-level office buildings --- coastal cities --- Mediterranean climate --- urban heat island intensity --- sample year --- climate change adaptation --- barriers --- focus group discussion --- Tehran --- structural equation modeling --- urban management --- near-zero energy buildings --- future scenarios --- energy efficiency --- adaptive comfort --- long-term performance --- urban heat --- Australia --- UHI effect --- mitigation --- bushfire smoke --- indoor air quality --- filtration --- building envelope --- energy --- future weather data --- building energy performance --- thermal comfort --- statistical downscaling of climate models --- dynamical downscaling of climate models --- urban modelling --- cities --- buildings --- decarbonization --- urbanisation --- climate --- densification --- population --- temperature
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