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Synchrotron radiation

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Learn about the properties of synchrotron radiation and its wide range of applications in physics, materials science and chemistry with this invaluable reference. This thorough text describes the physical principles of the subject, its source and methods of delivery to the sample, as well as the different techniques that use synchrotron radiation to analyse the electronic properties and structure of crystalline and non-crystalline materials and surfaces. Explains applications to study the structure and electronic properties of materials on a microscopic, nanoscopic and atomic scale. An excellent resource for current and future users of these facilities, showing how the available techniques can complement information obtained in users' home laboratories. Perfect for graduate and senior undergraduate students taking specialist courses in synchrotron radiation, in addition to new and established researchers in the field.

Synchrotron radiation. --- Bremsstrahlung, Magnetic --- Emission, Synchrotron --- Magnetic bremsstrahlung --- Synchrotron emission --- Electromagnetic waves --- Particles (Nuclear physics)

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The THz region of the electromagnetic spectrum is a frontier research area involving application of many disciplines, from outdoor to indoor communications, security, drug detection, biometrics, food quality control, agriculture, medicine, semiconductors, and air pollution. THz research is highly demanding in term of sources with high power and time resolution, detectors, and new spectrometer systems. Many open questions still exist regarding working at THz frequencies; many materials exhibit unusual or exotic properties in the THz domain, and researchers need new methodologies to exploit these opportunities. This book contains original papers dealing with emerging applications, new devices, sources and detectors, and materials with advanced properties for applications in biomedicine, cultural heritage, technology, and space.

Research & information: general --- terahertz --- free electron laser --- energy recovery --- THz spectroscopy --- free-electron-lasers --- nonlinear optics --- THz --- waveguide spectroscopy --- coating materials --- particle accelerators --- leaky-wave antennas --- metasurface --- liquid crystals --- graphene --- FEL --- copper --- damage --- surface --- coherent synchrotron radiation --- low alpha --- cross-correlation --- pump-probe --- terahertz spectroscopy --- terahertz time-domain spectroscopy --- terahertz pulsed imaging --- near-field imaging --- biomedical imaging --- cancer diagnosis --- endoscopy --- infrared analysis --- microspectroscopy --- cultural heritage --- synchrotron radiation --- niobium --- proximity effects --- superconductivity --- detectors --- Vortex dynamics --- bunch length --- linac --- far infrared --- spectroscopy --- imaging --- THz source --- high-brightness electron beams --- laser comb technique --- optical indices --- nonlinear effects --- optical rectification --- organic crystals --- HMQ-TMS --- waveguides --- THz detector --- THz imaging --- terahertz --- free electron laser --- energy recovery --- THz spectroscopy --- free-electron-lasers --- nonlinear optics --- THz --- waveguide spectroscopy --- coating materials --- particle accelerators --- leaky-wave antennas --- metasurface --- liquid crystals --- graphene --- FEL --- copper --- damage --- surface --- coherent synchrotron radiation --- low alpha --- cross-correlation --- pump-probe --- terahertz spectroscopy --- terahertz time-domain spectroscopy --- terahertz pulsed imaging --- near-field imaging --- biomedical imaging --- cancer diagnosis --- endoscopy --- infrared analysis --- microspectroscopy --- cultural heritage --- synchrotron radiation --- niobium --- proximity effects --- superconductivity --- detectors --- Vortex dynamics --- bunch length --- linac --- far infrared --- spectroscopy --- imaging --- THz source --- high-brightness electron beams --- laser comb technique --- optical indices --- nonlinear effects --- optical rectification --- organic crystals --- HMQ-TMS --- waveguides --- THz detector --- THz imaging

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Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes.

Technology: general issues --- magnesium alloys --- long period stacking ordered structures (LPSO) --- synchrotron radiation diffraction --- magnesium alloy --- low-speed extrusion --- microstructure evolution --- mechanical properties --- thermomechanical processing --- calcium addition --- disintegrated melt deposition --- processing map --- formability --- initial texture --- deformation mechanism --- texture evolution --- ductile damage --- GTN model --- magnesium --- in-situ --- deformation mechanisms --- deformation behaviour --- restoration mechanisms --- electron microscopy --- characterisation --- in-situ diffraction --- Mg-LPSO alloys --- neutron diffraction --- EBSD --- dislocation slip --- twinning --- n/a

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The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of transition metals and their compounds under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature has always attracted the interest of a wide scientific community. Their properties have numerous implications in fields ranging from solid-state physics, chemistry, and materials science to Earth and planetary science. The present Special Issue represents a good example of such a broad interest and shows some of the latest advancements in the investigation of transition metals under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature.

Technology: general issues --- vanadate --- kagome compound --- high pressure --- X-ray diffraction --- equation of state --- iodate --- infrared spectroscopy --- phase transitions --- grain refinement --- mechanical properties --- commercial purity aluminum --- zirconium --- Nb3Sn --- local atomic structure --- XAFS --- melting curves --- laser-heated diamond anvil cell --- extreme conditions --- synchrotron radiation --- transition metals --- iridium --- laser heating --- density-functional theory --- melting --- radial-distribution function --- quantum molecular dynamics --- melting curve --- solid-solid phase transition boundary --- multi-phase materials --- phase relation --- Earth's core --- iron alloys --- high-pressure --- high-temperature --- thermodynamics --- eutectic spacing --- Al-Si alloy --- superheat --- electrical resistivity --- iron sulfides --- high temperature --- Ganymede --- thermal convection --- creep testing --- ME21 --- magnesium alloy --- size effects --- miniature specimen --- PbTe --- substitutional disorder --- thermal expansion --- bulk modulus --- atomic displacement --- low temperature --- compression --- Debye temperature --- vanadate --- kagome compound --- high pressure --- X-ray diffraction --- equation of state --- iodate --- infrared spectroscopy --- phase transitions --- grain refinement --- mechanical properties --- commercial purity aluminum --- zirconium --- Nb3Sn --- local atomic structure --- XAFS --- melting curves --- laser-heated diamond anvil cell --- extreme conditions --- synchrotron radiation --- transition metals --- iridium --- laser heating --- density-functional theory --- melting --- radial-distribution function --- quantum molecular dynamics --- melting curve --- solid-solid phase transition boundary --- multi-phase materials --- phase relation --- Earth's core --- iron alloys --- high-pressure --- high-temperature --- thermodynamics --- eutectic spacing --- Al-Si alloy --- superheat --- electrical resistivity --- iron sulfides --- high temperature --- Ganymede --- thermal convection --- creep testing --- ME21 --- magnesium alloy --- size effects --- miniature specimen --- PbTe --- substitutional disorder --- thermal expansion --- bulk modulus --- atomic displacement --- low temperature --- compression --- Debye temperature