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2021 (4)

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Book
Designing optimal protected area networks
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ISBN: 275982537X Year: 2021 Publisher: Les Ulis : EDP Sciences,

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Abstract

There is a broad consensus in considering that the loss of biodiversity is accelerating which is due, for example, to the destruction of habitats, overexploitation of wild species and climate change. Many countries have pledged at various international conferences to take swift measures to halt this loss of biodiversity. Among these measures, the creation of protected areas - which also contribute to food and water security, the fight against climate change and people' health and well-being - plays a decisive role, although it is not sufficient on its own. In this book, we review classic and original problems associated with the optimal design of a network of protected areas, focusing on the modelling and practical solution of these problems. We show how to approach these optimisation problems within a unified framework, that of mathematical programming, a branch of mathematics that focuses on finding good solutions to a problem from a huge number of possible solutions. We describe efficient and often innovative modellings of these problems. Several strategies are also proposed to take into account the inevitable uncertainty concerning the ecological benefits that can be expected from protected areas. These strategies are based on the classical notions of probability and robustness. This book aims to help all those, from students to decision-makers, who are confronted with the establishment of a network of protected areas to identify the most effective solutions, taking into account ecological objectives, various constraints and limited resources. In order to facilitate the reading of this book, most of the problems addressed and the approaches proposed to solve them are illustrated by fully processed examples, and an appendix presents in some detail the basic mathematical concepts related to its content.


Book
Au Coeur de l'énergie Nucléaire
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ISBN: 2759825604 9782759825608 Year: 2021 Publisher: Les Ulis EDP Sciences

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Abstract

Outre l'uranium, servant à la réaction nucléaire, on trouve dans le cœur d'une centrale nucléaire divers matériaux qui sont très sollicités pendant le cycle de production d'électricité. En raison des conditions extrêmes de pression, température et irradiationqui y règent, le réacteur nécessite un pilotage très précis et il est indispensable de mesurer et de contrôler le plus finement possible la résistance de ses composants. Cet album propose de comprendre la spécificité et les enjeux du cycle de production nucléaire, à travers le travail de onze doctorants du Centre Cea Paris-Saclay.


Book
Neutrons for science : The history of Institut Laue-Langevin, an exceptionally successful international collaboration
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ISBN: 2759822559 2759821870 Year: 2021 Publisher: EDP SCIENCES

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In 1967, France and Germany agreed to cooperate on the construction and commissioning of a nuclear reactor dedicated to research in physics, chemistry and biology. Thus was born the Institut Laue-Langevin, a project whose aim was to provide research scientists with an extremely intense source of neutron beams, a fundamental tool for probing the mysteries of matter. Britain soon joined the project, followed gradually by other countries both from western and eastern Europe, making the Institut Laue-Langevin a particularly successful example of European cooperation. This success is a clear illustration of how, by joining forces and skills in this way, it was possible to provide scientists from "the old continent" with the means to tackle ambitious projects by giving them the best neutron source in the world. Neutrons for Science tells the story of the beginnings of this project and shows how, with the right organisation, it was possible to optimise the use of the reactor. The book also paints the portraits of three eminent figures, Jules Horowitz, Heinz Maier-Leibnitz and Louis Néel, who played a key role in this success. In this English edition, a chapter has been added covering the period 2004-2018 in order to create a link with the modern era and highlight the dynamism that has marked the Institute since it was founded.


Book
A Brief Welcome to the Universe
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 0691223610 9780691223612 Year: 2021 Publisher: Princeton, NJ

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A pocket-style edition distilled from the New York Times bestsellerAwaiting you in this breezy book is a whirlwind tour through the cosmos-a journey of exploration to other planets, stars, and galaxies, and from black holes to time loops. With acclaimed astrophysicists Neil deGrasse Tyson, Michael A. Strauss, and J. Richard Gott at your side, here you will find a brief and yet breathtaking introduction to the universe, which will help you in your quest to understand how the cosmos actually works.A Brief Welcome to the Universe propels you from our home solar system to the outermost frontiers of space, building your cosmic insight and perspective through a marvelously entertaining narrative. How do stars live and die? What are the prospects of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe? How did the universe begin? Why is it expanding and accelerating in the process? Is our universe alone or part of an infinite multiverse? Exploring these and many other questions, this pocket-friendly book is your passport into the wonders of our evolving cosmos.

Keywords

Astrophysics --- Cosmology --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Accelerating expansion of the universe. --- Accretion (astrophysics). --- Alpha particle. --- Andromeda Galaxy. --- Angular diameter. --- Astrobiology. --- Astrophysics. --- Atomic nucleus. --- Barred spiral galaxy. --- Big Bang. --- Calculation. --- Chemical element. --- Chronology of the universe. --- Circumference. --- Copernican principle. --- Cosmic Background Explorer. --- Cosmic microwave background. --- Cosmic string. --- Cosmogony. --- Dark energy. --- De Sitter space. --- Deuterium. --- Dimension. --- Earth. --- Einstein field equations. --- Elementary particle. --- Elliptic orbit. --- Energy density. --- Event horizon. --- Exoplanet. --- Extraterrestrial life. --- Galactic Center. --- Galactic year. --- Galaxy cluster. --- Googol. --- Gravitational wave. --- Gravity. --- Hawking radiation. --- Hubble Space Telescope. --- Hubble's law. --- Inflation (cosmology). --- Interstellar medium. --- Irregular galaxy. --- Jim Peebles. --- Jupiter. --- Kepler (spacecraft). --- Kuiper belt. --- Light-year. --- Longevity. --- Luminosity. --- Main sequence. --- Measurement. --- Metric expansion of space. --- Milky Way. --- Molecule. --- Neutron star. --- Neutron. --- Newton's law of universal gravitation. --- Nitrogen. --- Nuclear fusion. --- Nuclear reaction. --- Observable universe. --- Orion Nebula. --- Photon. --- Physicist. --- Planck (spacecraft). --- Planetary habitability. --- Planetary nebula. --- Positron. --- Prediction. --- Pressure. --- Quantity. --- Quantum tunnelling. --- Quasar. --- Real Humans. --- Red giant. --- Result. --- Satellite galaxy. --- Saturn. --- Shape of the universe. --- Solar System. --- Solar mass. --- Spacecraft. --- Spiral galaxy. --- Star. --- Supernova. --- Temperature. --- The Astrophysical Journal. --- The Pluto Files. --- Thermal radiation. --- Universe Today. --- Universe. --- Uranus. --- Vacuum energy. --- Vacuum state. --- Wavelength. --- Weakly interacting massive particles. --- Welcome to the Universe. --- White dwarf. --- Year. --- SCIENCE / Physics / Astrophysics --- SCIENCE / Physics / General

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