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Researches illustrated that people spend an average of 87% of their time enclosed in
buildings and more precisely 69% of their time at home (Klepeis, et al., 2001), and with
the current direction of the construction sector these building are becoming more and
more restricted in energy consumption.
As a consequence, numerous POE (post-occupancy evaluation) studies conducted
on these high-performance buildings highlight the fact that the reduction of energy
consumption has an effect on users’ indoor environmental comfort, such as the study
conducted by (Pastore & Andersen, 2019) illustrating that the satisfactory rate doesn’t
exceed 50% when it comes to IAQ (indoor air quality).
Furthermore, after reviewing the main factors contributing on air quality,
ventilation systems seem to be a critical factor. Therefore, this study was conducted to
assess the efficiency of different ventilation systems on IAQ using quantitative on-site
monitoring conducted on 5 residential buildings in Belgium.
As an additional contribution of the study, the interaction of the occupants with
these systems will be analyzed in a qualitative manner, regarding their operating mode,
maintenance frequency, and personal sensations based on the combination of in-depth
surveys and profiling (Bruxelles Environnement, 2017).
Based on the analysis conducted in the study, the results confirm that the
occupants behavioral pattern has more impact on the ventilation systems than the
maintenance factor, and this impact is proportional with the degree of the performance
of the constructions.
Mechanical ventilation systems proves to be the most efficient ventilation
system when it comes to an even distribution of the indoor air quality and satisfaction
rate. However, a calculation based on the occupants’ behavioral pattern must be
established to avoid miscalculations and reduce discomfort.
Finally, the research highlights the fact that the personal control on the ventilation
systems when it comes to the adaptation method (such as the openings and the free
cooling concept), has a major contribution on the occupants’ satisfaction rate.

Ethnography • Occupant behavior • Residential Buildings • Monitoring • Post-Occupancy Evaluation • User Satisfaction --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Architecture --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Energie

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This book explores and debates the urban transformations that have taken place in Vienna over the past 30 years and their consequences in policy fields such as labour and housing, political and social participation and the environment. Historically, European cities have been characterised by a strong association between social cohesion, quality of life, economic ambition and a robust State. Vienna is an excellent example for that. In more recent years, however, cities were pressured to change policy principles and mechanisms in the context of demographic shifts, post-industrial transformations and welfare recalibration which have led to worsened social conditions in many cities. Each chapter in this volume discusses Vienna's responses to these pressures in key policy arenas, looking at outcomes from the context-specific local arrangements. Against a theoretical framework debating the European city as a model of inclusion and social justice, authors explore the local capacity to innovate urban policies and to address new social risks, while paying attention to potential trade-offs. The book questions and assesses the city's resilience using time series and an institutional analysis of four key dimensions that characterise the European city model within the context of post-industrial transition: redistribution, recognition, representation and sustainability. It offers a multiscalar perspective of urban governance through labour, housing, participatory and environmental policies, bringing together different levels and public policy types. Vienna: Still a Just City? is aimed at academics, researchers and policy-makers in urban studies, including urban sociology, ecology, geography and welfare.

Dwellings. --- Urban renewal. --- City planning. --- Cities and towns --- City planning --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Renewal, Urban --- Urban redevelopment --- Urban renewal projects --- Domiciles --- Homes --- Houses --- One-family houses --- Residences --- Residential buildings --- Single-family homes --- Buildings --- Architecture, Domestic --- House-raising parties --- Household ecology --- Housing --- Government policy --- Management

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The Life cycle cost (LCC) method makes it possible for the whole life performance of buildings and other structures to be optimized. The introduction of the idea of thinking in terms of a building life cycle resulted in the need to use appropriate tools and techniques for assessing and analyzing costs throughout the life cycle of the building. Traditionally, estimates of LCC have been calculated based on historical analysis of data and have used deterministic models. The concepts of probability theory can also be applied to life cycle costing, treating the costs and timings as a stochastic process. If any subjectivity is introduced into the estimates, then the uncertainty cannot be handled using the probability theory alone. The theory of fuzzy sets is a valuable tool for handling such uncertainties. In this Special Issue, a collection of 11 contributions provide an updated overview of the approaches for estimating the life cycle cost of buildings.

dynamic analysis --- steel frames --- Tuned Mass Damper --- optimization --- drift ratio --- sustainable construction industry --- lifecycles --- European Union Member States --- complex evaluation --- multiple criteria analysis --- COPRAS and INVAR methods --- success and image of a country --- marketing --- residential buildings --- defects --- intensity --- reliability --- technical wear --- railway infrastructure --- occurrences --- socioeconomic impact --- economic evaluation --- CBA --- life cycle --- investment project --- probability distribution --- sensitivity analyses --- risk assessment --- tenement houses --- damage --- maintenance --- fuzzy sets --- Bayes conditional probability --- substitution --- operation and maintenance phase --- cause–effect relationships --- historical buildings --- implementation factors --- information and communication technology --- life cycle costs --- buildings --- bidding decision --- LCC criterion --- price criterion --- construction --- statistical method --- classification --- probability of winning --- risk identification --- MCDM --- critical risk factors --- commercial and recreational complex building projects

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This Special Issue aims at reporting current investigations on emerging materials and devices taking up the challenge of pursuing a significant improvement in the energy performance of buildings and indoor comfort. What is the contribution of innovative technologies in the epochal transition to low environmental impact buildings? This is the question addressed in this Special Issue, in order to offer a wide and heterogeneous amount of data to readers, along with results of high scientific impact concerning the application of innovative technologies in construction. The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change following the COP 21 Conference on Climate Change, organized by United Nations, required the States to reduce carbon emissions in the building stock. In the European Union, almost 50% of final energy consumption is used for heating and cooling; out of this huge amount, 80% is used in buildings. It makes sense, then, that the Union’s goals are inherently linked to the real effort to renovate the building stock. To do this, in the EU and worldwide, the priority is to enhance energy efficiency, by deploying low-cost renewable energies and innovative technologies, especially those derived from recent achievements in the field of nanomaterials research, with special reference to building integration of novel technologies, spanning from chromogenics to semitransparent photovoltaics, super-insulating materials, and phase change materials. Articles here proposed deal with every construction or plant component of the building organism, taking advantage of novel technologies to improve their performance, from the envelope to structures, HVAC, and other technical systems, as well as indoor climate analyses in buildings and indoor environmental quality (IEQ), as well as visual comfort indoors.

Technology: general issues --- window frame --- granular aerogel --- energy saving --- IEQ --- bioaerosols --- airborne bacteria --- airborne fungi --- ozone --- portable air purifier --- ozone generation --- biomimetics --- building skin --- multifunctionality --- architectural design --- building envelope --- adaptability --- design framework --- building performance simulation --- renewable energy --- perovskite solar cells --- BIPV --- semi-transparent --- challenges --- indoor air quality (IAQ) --- CO2 production rate --- CO2 concentration --- occupancy estimation --- demand controlled ventilation (DCV) --- energy efficiency --- Cu-Zn-Al --- shape memory --- SMA --- seismic --- ausforming --- transformation temperatures --- super elasticity --- microstructure --- ventilated facade --- second-skin materials --- 3D printed materials --- additive manufacturing --- TRNSYS --- full-scale facility --- retrofit action --- deep reinforcement learning --- optimal control --- optimization --- HYBUILD --- thermal energy storage --- residential buildings --- noise pollution --- environmental factors --- property prices --- genetic algorithm --- residential market --- phase change materials --- hybrid ventilated school building --- indoor thermal comfort --- thermal management --- energy conservation --- window frame --- granular aerogel --- energy saving --- IEQ --- bioaerosols --- airborne bacteria --- airborne fungi --- ozone --- portable air purifier --- ozone generation --- biomimetics --- building skin --- multifunctionality --- architectural design --- building envelope --- adaptability --- design framework --- building performance simulation --- renewable energy --- perovskite solar cells --- BIPV --- semi-transparent --- challenges --- indoor air quality (IAQ) --- CO2 production rate --- CO2 concentration --- occupancy estimation --- demand controlled ventilation (DCV) --- energy efficiency --- Cu-Zn-Al --- shape memory --- SMA --- seismic --- ausforming --- transformation temperatures --- super elasticity --- microstructure --- ventilated facade --- second-skin materials --- 3D printed materials --- additive manufacturing --- TRNSYS --- full-scale facility --- retrofit action --- deep reinforcement learning --- optimal control --- optimization --- HYBUILD --- thermal energy storage --- residential buildings --- noise pollution --- environmental factors --- property prices --- genetic algorithm --- residential market --- phase change materials --- hybrid ventilated school building --- indoor thermal comfort --- thermal management --- energy conservation

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The concept of resilience has arisen as a “new way of thinking”, becoming a response to both the causes and effects of ongoing global challenges. As it strongly stresses cities’ transformative potential, resilience’s final purpose is to prevent and manage unforeseen events and improve communities’ environmental and social quality. Although the resilience theory has been investigated in depth, several methodological challenges remain, mainly related to the concept’s practical sphere. As a matter of fact, resilience is commonly criticised for being too ambiguous and empty of meaning. At the same time, turning resilience into practice is not easy to do. This will arguably be one of the most impactful global issues for future research on resilience. The Special Issue “Bridging the Gap: The Measure of Urban Resilience” falls under this heading, and it seeks to synthesise state-of-the-art knowledge of theories and practices on measuring resilience. The Special Issue collected 11 papers that address the following questions: “What are the theoretical perspectives of measuring urban resilience? What are the existing methods for measuring urban resilience? What are the main features that a technique for measuring urban resilience needs to have? What is the role of measuring urban resilience in operationalising cities’ ability to adapt, recover and benefit from shocks?”

Economics, finance, business & management --- urban resilience --- spatial planning --- vulnerability --- measuring --- mapping --- decision-making --- multi-risk --- flood --- fire --- indicators --- regional resilience --- adaptive capacity --- sectoral industry composition --- urban vs. inner areas --- green infrastructure --- resilience --- sustainability --- social-ecological indicators --- indicator --- monitoring --- climate change --- climate adaptation --- dynamic models --- decision making --- scenario planning --- energetic resilience --- solar radiation --- geographic information system --- land use planning --- urban regulation --- urban energy resilience --- buildings energy balance --- urban hourly model --- residential buildings --- urban variables --- place-based analysis --- community resilience --- systematic overview --- resilience modelling --- knowledge representation --- resilience assessment --- information visualisation --- walkability --- walkability measure --- quantitative --- qualitative and mixed models and methods --- urban planning --- public space --- shift-share analysis --- employment dynamics --- sector composition --- metro-regions --- urban resilience --- spatial planning --- vulnerability --- measuring --- mapping --- decision-making --- multi-risk --- flood --- fire --- indicators --- regional resilience --- adaptive capacity --- sectoral industry composition --- urban vs. inner areas --- green infrastructure --- resilience --- sustainability --- social-ecological indicators --- indicator --- monitoring --- climate change --- climate adaptation --- dynamic models --- decision making --- scenario planning --- energetic resilience --- solar radiation --- geographic information system --- land use planning --- urban regulation --- urban energy resilience --- buildings energy balance --- urban hourly model --- residential buildings --- urban variables --- place-based analysis --- community resilience --- systematic overview --- resilience modelling --- knowledge representation --- resilience assessment --- information visualisation --- walkability --- walkability measure --- quantitative --- qualitative and mixed models and methods --- urban planning --- public space --- shift-share analysis --- employment dynamics --- sector composition --- metro-regions