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This edited volume focuses on measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of diverse formal and informal educational programmes and activities across Europe. This publication contributes to the field by offering more empirical evidence as to the effective ways in which education can reduce social gaps in civic and political engagement. As editors, we prioritised the contributions of early-career researchers and those who have adopted fresh approaches and topics and highlighted helpful strategies to improve social equality and provide a more equitable distribution of learning resources among underprivileged groups. After two years’ close collaboration among academic editors, journal editors and authors, this Special Issue has finally been released in 2021 with eight papers. Inter alia, three papers focus on the school’s role in developing young people’s citizenship competences, such as knowledge, skills, interests and attitudes towards diversity. Two articles explore exclusion/minority groups cases, indicating valuable lessons for developing tailored educational materials and/or activities for hard-to-reach groups. As a unique contribution, two more papers emphasise experimental studies: the paper written by Steven Donbavand and Bryony Hoskins provides a comprehensive and systematic review of all the experimental designs on promoting political participation, whereas the submission written by Sven Ivens and Monika Oberle unpacks some details on how a digital intervention operates and improves to produce satisfying outcomes.

digital simulation game --- design-based research --- empirical research --- civic education --- European Union --- citizenship education --- citizenship competences --- educational effectiveness --- school policies --- learning environment --- classroom climate --- teaching practices --- hard-to-reach learners --- vocational transition system --- simulation game --- discrimination --- Brussels --- adolescents --- disadvantaged youth --- violence --- democracy --- social cohesion --- social polarization --- citizenship --- inequality --- minority education --- democratic citizenship --- controlled trials --- political engagement --- diversity --- differentiation --- school as practice ground --- n/a

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• Reference Manager
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This edited volume focuses on measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of diverse formal and informal educational programmes and activities across Europe. This publication contributes to the field by offering more empirical evidence as to the effective ways in which education can reduce social gaps in civic and political engagement. As editors, we prioritised the contributions of early-career researchers and those who have adopted fresh approaches and topics and highlighted helpful strategies to improve social equality and provide a more equitable distribution of learning resources among underprivileged groups. After two years’ close collaboration among academic editors, journal editors and authors, this Special Issue has finally been released in 2021 with eight papers. Inter alia, three papers focus on the school’s role in developing young people’s citizenship competences, such as knowledge, skills, interests and attitudes towards diversity. Two articles explore exclusion/minority groups cases, indicating valuable lessons for developing tailored educational materials and/or activities for hard-to-reach groups. As a unique contribution, two more papers emphasise experimental studies: the paper written by Steven Donbavand and Bryony Hoskins provides a comprehensive and systematic review of all the experimental designs on promoting political participation, whereas the submission written by Sven Ivens and Monika Oberle unpacks some details on how a digital intervention operates and improves to produce satisfying outcomes.

Humanities --- Education --- digital simulation game --- design-based research --- empirical research --- civic education --- European Union --- citizenship education --- citizenship competences --- educational effectiveness --- school policies --- learning environment --- classroom climate --- teaching practices --- hard-to-reach learners --- vocational transition system --- simulation game --- discrimination --- Brussels --- adolescents --- disadvantaged youth --- violence --- democracy --- social cohesion --- social polarization --- citizenship --- inequality --- minority education --- democratic citizenship --- controlled trials --- political engagement --- diversity --- differentiation --- school as practice ground --- n/a

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This book contains the successful submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled “Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019–2020”. The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental and computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed original research articles and review articles. After one-and-a-half years, 59 papers were submitted and 31 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was about 41 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (15); Korea (7); Japan (3); Norway (2); Sweden (2); Vietnam (2); Australia (1); Denmark (1); Germany (1); Mexico (1); Poland (1); Saudi Arabia (1); USA (1); Serbia (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics including analysis of free-surface waves, bridge girders, gear boxes, hills, radiation heat transfer, spillways, turbulent flames, pipe flow, open channels, jets, combustion chambers, welding, sprinkler, slug flow, turbines, thermoelectric power generation, airfoils, bed formation, fires in tunnels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and pumps.

History of engineering & technology --- CFD --- gap resonance --- hydrodynamic forces --- free surface waves --- URANS --- twin-box deck --- aerodynamics --- vortex shedding --- splash lubrication --- dynamic motion --- gearbox --- churning power losses --- non-inertial coordinate system --- ground roughness --- hill shape --- hill slope --- large-eddy simulations --- turbulent flow fields --- turbulent structure --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- large eddy simulations (LES) --- 3D hill --- canopy --- flow fields --- radiation --- blocked-off-region procedure --- heat recuperation --- anisotropic scattering --- mie particles --- numerical simulation --- horizontal face angle --- energy dissipation rates --- stepped spillway --- ultra-low specific speed magnetic drive pump --- orthogonal test --- splitter blades --- optimized design --- pressure fluctuation --- radial force --- dilution --- turbulent flame --- premixed --- OH --- CH2O --- planar laser-induced fluorescence --- self-excited oscillation jet --- organ–Helmholtz nozzle --- pulse waterjet --- pressure pulsation amplitude --- WMLES --- VLSMs --- LSMs --- turbulent boundary flow --- roughness --- surrogate model --- deep neural network --- multiphase flow --- horizontal pipe --- liquid holdup --- pressure gradient --- coherent structures --- turbulent boundary layer --- stability --- pre-multiplied wind velocity spectrum --- spatial correlation coefficient field --- tunnel fires --- jet fan speed --- heat release rate --- aspect ratio --- smoke movement --- visibility --- smoke layer thickness --- smoke stratification --- orifice shape --- vertical jet --- velocity ratio --- numerical investigation --- hydraulic characteristics --- impinging water jet --- impinging height --- numerical calculation --- swirler --- optimized --- genetic algorithms --- recirculation --- combustion --- experimental validation --- welding spatter --- distribution --- shield arc metal welding --- particle heat transfer --- fire risk --- sprinkler --- fire dynamics simulator (FDS) --- fire suppression --- extinguishing coefficient --- smoke logging --- smoke spread --- pipe insulation --- fire growth rate index --- scale factor --- volume fraction --- ignition heat source --- maximum heat release rate --- time to reach maximum HRR (heat release rate) --- control --- cylinder --- energy efficiency --- clamping --- pneumatics --- unsteady RANS simulation --- two-phase flow --- riser-induced slug flow --- LedaFlow --- VOF-model --- evacuation --- interaction between smoke and evacuees --- inner smoke force --- modified BR-smoke model --- twin H-rotor vertical-axis turbines --- wake --- instability --- wavelet transform --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD), multiphysics --- heat transfer --- thermoelectricity --- automotive --- traditional market --- fire spread rate --- radiant heat flux --- separation distance --- rotor stator interaction --- boundary layer --- secondary vortex --- unsteady flow --- submerged jet --- climate change --- renewable energy --- wind power --- accelerators --- turbines --- power extraction --- Betz --- freestream theory --- hybrid simulation method --- multi-fluid model --- discrete element method, sedimentation, bed formation --- PIV --- shell-and-tube --- shell side --- tube bundle --- heat exchanger --- baffle --- maldistribution

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This book contains the successful submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled “Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019–2020”. The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental and computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed original research articles and review articles. After one-and-a-half years, 59 papers were submitted and 31 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was about 41 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (15); Korea (7); Japan (3); Norway (2); Sweden (2); Vietnam (2); Australia (1); Denmark (1); Germany (1); Mexico (1); Poland (1); Saudi Arabia (1); USA (1); Serbia (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics including analysis of free-surface waves, bridge girders, gear boxes, hills, radiation heat transfer, spillways, turbulent flames, pipe flow, open channels, jets, combustion chambers, welding, sprinkler, slug flow, turbines, thermoelectric power generation, airfoils, bed formation, fires in tunnels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and pumps.

CFD --- gap resonance --- hydrodynamic forces --- free surface waves --- URANS --- twin-box deck --- aerodynamics --- vortex shedding --- splash lubrication --- dynamic motion --- gearbox --- churning power losses --- non-inertial coordinate system --- ground roughness --- hill shape --- hill slope --- large-eddy simulations --- turbulent flow fields --- turbulent structure --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- large eddy simulations (LES) --- 3D hill --- canopy --- flow fields --- radiation --- blocked-off-region procedure --- heat recuperation --- anisotropic scattering --- mie particles --- numerical simulation --- horizontal face angle --- energy dissipation rates --- stepped spillway --- ultra-low specific speed magnetic drive pump --- orthogonal test --- splitter blades --- optimized design --- pressure fluctuation --- radial force --- dilution --- turbulent flame --- premixed --- OH --- CH2O --- planar laser-induced fluorescence --- self-excited oscillation jet --- organ–Helmholtz nozzle --- pulse waterjet --- pressure pulsation amplitude --- WMLES --- VLSMs --- LSMs --- turbulent boundary flow --- roughness --- surrogate model --- deep neural network --- multiphase flow --- horizontal pipe --- liquid holdup --- pressure gradient --- coherent structures --- turbulent boundary layer --- stability --- pre-multiplied wind velocity spectrum --- spatial correlation coefficient field --- tunnel fires --- jet fan speed --- heat release rate --- aspect ratio --- smoke movement --- visibility --- smoke layer thickness --- smoke stratification --- orifice shape --- vertical jet --- velocity ratio --- numerical investigation --- hydraulic characteristics --- impinging water jet --- impinging height --- numerical calculation --- swirler --- optimized --- genetic algorithms --- recirculation --- combustion --- experimental validation --- welding spatter --- distribution --- shield arc metal welding --- particle heat transfer --- fire risk --- sprinkler --- fire dynamics simulator (FDS) --- fire suppression --- extinguishing coefficient --- smoke logging --- smoke spread --- pipe insulation --- fire growth rate index --- scale factor --- volume fraction --- ignition heat source --- maximum heat release rate --- time to reach maximum HRR (heat release rate) --- control --- cylinder --- energy efficiency --- clamping --- pneumatics --- unsteady RANS simulation --- two-phase flow --- riser-induced slug flow --- LedaFlow --- VOF-model --- evacuation --- interaction between smoke and evacuees --- inner smoke force --- modified BR-smoke model --- twin H-rotor vertical-axis turbines --- wake --- instability --- wavelet transform --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD), multiphysics --- heat transfer --- thermoelectricity --- automotive --- traditional market --- fire spread rate --- radiant heat flux --- separation distance --- rotor stator interaction --- boundary layer --- secondary vortex --- unsteady flow --- submerged jet --- climate change --- renewable energy --- wind power --- accelerators --- turbines --- power extraction --- Betz --- freestream theory --- hybrid simulation method --- multi-fluid model --- discrete element method, sedimentation, bed formation --- PIV --- shell-and-tube --- shell side --- tube bundle --- heat exchanger --- baffle --- maldistribution

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book contains the successful submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled “Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019–2020”. The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental and computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed original research articles and review articles. After one-and-a-half years, 59 papers were submitted and 31 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was about 41 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (15); Korea (7); Japan (3); Norway (2); Sweden (2); Vietnam (2); Australia (1); Denmark (1); Germany (1); Mexico (1); Poland (1); Saudi Arabia (1); USA (1); Serbia (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics including analysis of free-surface waves, bridge girders, gear boxes, hills, radiation heat transfer, spillways, turbulent flames, pipe flow, open channels, jets, combustion chambers, welding, sprinkler, slug flow, turbines, thermoelectric power generation, airfoils, bed formation, fires in tunnels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and pumps.

History of engineering & technology --- CFD --- gap resonance --- hydrodynamic forces --- free surface waves --- URANS --- twin-box deck --- aerodynamics --- vortex shedding --- splash lubrication --- dynamic motion --- gearbox --- churning power losses --- non-inertial coordinate system --- ground roughness --- hill shape --- hill slope --- large-eddy simulations --- turbulent flow fields --- turbulent structure --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- large eddy simulations (LES) --- 3D hill --- canopy --- flow fields --- radiation --- blocked-off-region procedure --- heat recuperation --- anisotropic scattering --- mie particles --- numerical simulation --- horizontal face angle --- energy dissipation rates --- stepped spillway --- ultra-low specific speed magnetic drive pump --- orthogonal test --- splitter blades --- optimized design --- pressure fluctuation --- radial force --- dilution --- turbulent flame --- premixed --- OH --- CH2O --- planar laser-induced fluorescence --- self-excited oscillation jet --- organ–Helmholtz nozzle --- pulse waterjet --- pressure pulsation amplitude --- WMLES --- VLSMs --- LSMs --- turbulent boundary flow --- roughness --- surrogate model --- deep neural network --- multiphase flow --- horizontal pipe --- liquid holdup --- pressure gradient --- coherent structures --- turbulent boundary layer --- stability --- pre-multiplied wind velocity spectrum --- spatial correlation coefficient field --- tunnel fires --- jet fan speed --- heat release rate --- aspect ratio --- smoke movement --- visibility --- smoke layer thickness --- smoke stratification --- orifice shape --- vertical jet --- velocity ratio --- numerical investigation --- hydraulic characteristics --- impinging water jet --- impinging height --- numerical calculation --- swirler --- optimized --- genetic algorithms --- recirculation --- combustion --- experimental validation --- welding spatter --- distribution --- shield arc metal welding --- particle heat transfer --- fire risk --- sprinkler --- fire dynamics simulator (FDS) --- fire suppression --- extinguishing coefficient --- smoke logging --- smoke spread --- pipe insulation --- fire growth rate index --- scale factor --- volume fraction --- ignition heat source --- maximum heat release rate --- time to reach maximum HRR (heat release rate) --- control --- cylinder --- energy efficiency --- clamping --- pneumatics --- unsteady RANS simulation --- two-phase flow --- riser-induced slug flow --- LedaFlow --- VOF-model --- evacuation --- interaction between smoke and evacuees --- inner smoke force --- modified BR-smoke model --- twin H-rotor vertical-axis turbines --- wake --- instability --- wavelet transform --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD), multiphysics --- heat transfer --- thermoelectricity --- automotive --- traditional market --- fire spread rate --- radiant heat flux --- separation distance --- rotor stator interaction --- boundary layer --- secondary vortex --- unsteady flow --- submerged jet --- climate change --- renewable energy --- wind power --- accelerators --- turbines --- power extraction --- Betz --- freestream theory --- hybrid simulation method --- multi-fluid model --- discrete element method, sedimentation, bed formation --- PIV --- shell-and-tube --- shell side --- tube bundle --- heat exchanger --- baffle --- maldistribution