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Pour la plupart d'entre nous, l'écologie est un courant politique de gauche qui s'appuie sur la science du même nom. Or, écologie « punitive », injonctions de tous ordres (alimentaires, comportementales...), frugalité austère et catastrophisme sont autant de signes qui devraient nous interroger : et si l'écologisme (le courant politique) s'enracinait aussi dans le puritanisme anglo-saxon conservateur ? C'est du moins l'hypothèse de Philippe Pelletier qui met au jour un « puritanisme vert » ayant partie liée avec la confession protestante du même nom, dont les membres, embarqués sur le Mayflower, choisirent d'émigrer en Amérique à partir de 1620. L'homme, depuis Adam chassé du paradis terrestre (un jardin !), serait pécheur et viendrait, par essence, déséquilibrer une nature sans lui harmonieuse, création parfaite du Créateur de toutes choses. Est-ce un hasard si la protection de la nature passe par la création de parcs naturels et de réserves où l'homme n'est plus le bienvenu, et si les collapsologues nous prédisent l'apocalypse (au sens de « révélation ») ? Cet essai solide, stimulant et iconoclaste, mobilise une abondante littérature internationale et permet d'éclairer d'une lumière neuve l'histoire des pensées liées à l'écologisme. Il présente le mérite de nous forcer à repenser les responsabilités des crises environnementales actuelles, qui sont peut-être moins liées à la nature pécheresse et définitivement déchue de l'humanité qu'à un système économique et politique bien particulier. Des incursions du côté du Japon ou encore de la mésologie y sont autant d'invitations à penser selon d'autres schémas peut-être plus fructueux...
Puritan movements. --- Environmentalism --- Puritanisme --- Écologisme --- History. --- Histoire. --- Political ecology --- Ecology --- Écologisme
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How can the small, isolated island of Bermuda help us to understand the early expansion of English America? First discovered by Europeans in 1505, the island of Bermuda had no indigenous population and no permanent European presence until the early seventeenth century. Settled five years after Virginia and eight years before Plymouth, Bermuda is a foundational site of English colonization. Its history reveals strikingly different paths of potential colonial development as a place where slave-owning puritan tobacco planters raised large families, engaged overseas markets, built ships, created a Christian commonwealth, hanged witches, wrestled to define racial difference, and welcomed godly pirates raiding Spanish America. In Isle of Devils, Isle of Saints, Michael J. Jarvis presents readers with a new narrative social and cultural history of Bermuda. Adopting a holistic, multidisciplinary approach that draws upon thirty years of research and archaeological fieldwork, Jarvis recounts Bermuda's turbulent, dynamic past from the Sea Venture's dramatic 1609 shipwreck through the 1684 dissolution of the Bermuda Company. He argues that the island was the first of England's colonies to produce a successful staple, form a stable community, turn a profit, transplant civic institutions, and harness bound African knowledge and labor. Bermuda was a tabula rasa that fired the imaginations of English thinkers aspiring to create an American utopia. It was also England's first puritan colony, founded as a covenanted Christian commonwealth in 1612 by self-consciously religious settlers who committed themselves to building a moral society. By the 1670s, Bermuda had become England's most densely populated possession and was poised to become an intercolonial maritime hub after freeing itself from its antiquated parent company. The first scholarly monograph in eighty years on this important, neglected colony's first century, Isle of Devils, Isle of Saintsis a worthy prequel toIn the Eye of All Trade, Jarvis's masterful first book. Revealing the dynamic interplay of race, gender, slavery, and environment at the dawn of English America, Jarvis's work challenges us to rethink how Europeans and Africans became distinctly American within the crucible of colonization.
Tobacco farms --- Puritans --- Slavery --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- Precisians --- Church polity --- Congregationalism --- Puritan movements --- Calvinism --- Farms --- History --- Bermudas Company for the Plantation of the Somers Islands. --- Bermuda Company --- Company of London for the Plantation of the Summer Islands --- Somers Island Company --- Somer-Island-Company --- Somers Islands Company --- Somers Isles Company --- Bermuda Islands --- Great Britain --- Bermuda --- Bermudas --- Somers Islands --- Summer Islands --- Sommer Islands --- Islands of Bermuda --- Summer Isles --- Somers Isles --- La Garza --- Garza --- Virgineola --- Isle of Devils --- Isles of Devils --- Devils, Isle of --- Devils, Isles of --- Summers Islands --- Barmudas --- Bermoothes --- Bermudes --- Government of Bermuda --- Colony of Bermuda --- BMU --- BM --- The Bermudas --- Social conditions --- Colonies --- Historians --- Historiographers --- Scholars --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Civilization --- Historiography. --- Intellectual life --- Enslaved persons --- History as a science --- History of civilization --- intellectual history --- historiography --- anno 1500-1799
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