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This book lays the groundwork for a new field of study and research in the intersection between science and diplomacy. It will review the multi-disciplinary research in this burgeoning area in providing the scientific foundation for the application of psychological principles to understanding and facilitating political decisions in an international context. Focusing on how people think, act, and feel on both individual and collective levels, this book takes into account a realistic perspective from which transformative processes can emerge. It follows the ongoing debate in the EU and the world in providing a better understanding of the tools that can be deployed to improve communication and cooperation between scientists, politicians, and diplomats in this field. The failure of communication in this COVID-19 planetary crisis has not been about whether or not objectives have been achieved, but about the ability of major actors to cooperate to forge links with people. The way policymakers and scientists will manage their interpersonal negotiations will be of great importance in fostering international cooperation and coordinated problem-solving behaviours. Otherwise, science diplomacy will lose sight of its most important purpose: that of helping to solve problems, conflicts, and diplomatic processes for the sake of humanity.

Cross-cultural psychology. --- Cross Cultural Psychology. --- Cross-cultural psychology --- Ethnic groups --- Ethnic psychology --- Folk-psychology --- Indigenous peoples --- National psychology --- Psychological anthropology --- Psychology, Cross-cultural --- Psychology, Ethnic --- Psychology, National --- Psychology, Racial --- Race psychology --- Psychology --- National characteristics --- Ethnopsychology.

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This book defends that the pursuit of originality constitutes one of the most important characteristics of creativity, but that originality refers, etymologically, to both origin and originary. Hence, the book is structured into two parts, dedicated, respectively, to the creative categories of origin and the creative categories of originary. Within the former are creation myths, games – the origin of all cultural activity, the dialectic chaos-order, axial civilizations – the germ of our time, and the struggle between generations – a factor of social transformation, and, within the second, creative capitalism, creative work in the context of the global economy of risk and uncertainty, and representative democracy. However, these two concepts are not isolated, but deeply interrelated, in a way that explains how creative originality builds a temporal narrative. It has been dislocated in late modernity and, with it, creativity has been broken. Juan A. Roche Cárcel is a professor of sociology of culture and the arts at the University of Alicante (Spain). He is the author of numerous books and articles on culture and arts and president of the committee for the sociology of emotions at the Spanish Federation of Sociology (FES).

Originality. --- Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.) --- Creative ability in art --- Creative ability in literature --- Art --- Imagination --- Inspiration --- Literature --- Creative ability --- Originality --- Genius --- Planning --- Ability testing --- Sociology. --- Social evolution. --- Art—Philosophy. --- Ethnopsychology. --- Ethnology. --- Cultural Evolution. --- Theory of Arts. --- Psychological Anthropology. --- Sociocultural Anthropology. --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Cultural evolution --- Cultural transformation --- Culture, Evolution of --- Culture --- Evolution --- Social change --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Cross-cultural psychology --- Ethnic groups --- Ethnic psychology --- Folk-psychology --- Indigenous peoples --- National psychology --- Psychological anthropology --- Psychology, Cross-cultural --- Psychology, Ethnic --- Psychology, National --- Psychology, Racial --- Race psychology --- Psychology --- National characteristics

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Significant advancements in methodologies and statistical techniques in cross-cultural psychological research abound, but general practice, education, and most researchers in psychology rarely use them. This leads to misinterpretations, misrepresentations, and prejudice. The authors expertly demonstrate the importance of methodological rigor to safeguard appropriate inferences about similarities and differences, particularly when methods have not been developed in the cultural contexts where they are used. The book features acculturation and identity, including contributions on remote acculturation, religiosity, and organizational contexts. It also covers individual differences and evaluates methodological progress in educational assessment, emotions, motivation, and personality. Methodological and psychometric perspectives on equivalence and bias, as well as measurement invariance in cross-cultural research, are a central theme. From study design to data interpretation, it is essential for psychology, and the social sciences in general, to adopt methods and assessment procedures that are more rigorous for culture-comparative studies.

Ethnopsychology --- Psychometrics --- Measurement, Mental --- Measurement, Psychological --- Psychological measurement --- Psychological scaling --- Psychological statistics --- Psychology --- Psychometry (Psychophysics) --- Scaling, Psychological --- Psychological tests --- Scaling (Social sciences) --- Cross-cultural psychology --- Ethnic groups --- Ethnic psychology --- Folk-psychology --- Indigenous peoples --- National psychology --- Psychological anthropology --- Psychology, Cross-cultural --- Psychology, Ethnic --- Psychology, National --- Psychology, Racial --- Race psychology --- National characteristics --- Methodology. --- Cross-cultural studies. --- Measurement --- Scaling --- Methodology

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An overview is given of cross-cultural psychology and cultural psychology, focusing on theory and methodology. In Section 1 historical developments in research are traced; it is found that initially extensive psychological differences tend to shrink when more carefully designed studies are conducted. Section 2 addresses the conceptualization of "culture" and of "a culture". For psychological research the notion "culture" is considered too vague; more focal explanatory concepts are required. Section 3 describes methodological issues, taking the notion of the empirical cycle as a lead for both qualitative and quantitative research. Pitfalls in research design and data analysis of behavior-comparative studies, and the need for replication are discussed. Section 4 suggests to move beyond research on causal relationships and to incorporate additional questions, addressing the function and the development of behavior patterns in ontogenetic, phylogenetic and historical time. Section 5 emphasizes the need for applied research serving the global village.

Ethnopsychology --- Psychology --- Research --- Methodology. --- Behavioral sciences --- Mental philosophy --- Mind --- Science, Mental --- Human biology --- Philosophy --- Soul --- Mental health --- Cross-cultural psychology --- Ethnic groups --- Ethnic psychology --- Folk-psychology --- Indigenous peoples --- National psychology --- Psychological anthropology --- Psychology, Cross-cultural --- Psychology, Ethnic --- Psychology, National --- Psychology, Racial --- Race psychology --- National characteristics

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This insightful volume explores the experiences of ethnic migrants returning to Hong Kong, Singapore, and Israel. Return migrants who were exposed to western culture and society undergo personal transformations that significantly impact their views on values such as gender, individualism, democracy, tradition, and individual autonomy. To evaluate how well these individuals are able to reintegrate back into their native countries, the authors conducted a thorough comparative study between returnees in the three research sites through in-depth interviews, ethnographic fieldwork, and analyses of government policies. Among the topics discussed: Family as a strategic middle ground between the individual and society The social psychology of coping and adaptation Public, outer historical, and macro forces that shape returnees’ experiences Comparisons and contrasts between two primarily Chinese societies, along with one racially and culturally different Western society Cost-and-benefit analyses of decision-making in migration Return Migrants in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Israel is a compelling new perspective on the migrant experience drawn from in-depth research on returnees across three countries and a variety of circumstances.

Cross-cultural psychology. --- Cultural studies. --- Families. --- Families—Social aspects. --- Cross Cultural Psychology. --- Cultural Studies. --- Family. --- Family --- Families --- Family life --- Family relationships --- Family structure --- Relationships, Family --- Structure, Family --- Social institutions --- Birth order --- Domestic relations --- Home --- Households --- Kinship --- Marriage --- Matriarchy --- Parenthood --- Patriarchy --- Cross-cultural psychology --- Ethnic groups --- Ethnic psychology --- Folk-psychology --- Indigenous peoples --- National psychology --- Psychological anthropology --- Psychology, Cross-cultural --- Psychology, Ethnic --- Psychology, National --- Psychology, Racial --- Race psychology --- Psychology --- National characteristics --- Social aspects --- Social conditions --- Popular culture --- Ethnopsychology. --- Culture --- Study and teaching. --- Cultural studies