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In the face of declining fiscal space and the need to build back better after the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, governments are turning to public-private partnerships (PPPs) to deliver infrastructure assets and services. Disclosure of information plays an important role in PPP programs. Several clients of the World Bank Group, including those with well-established PPP programs, currently do not disclose PPP information in a structured way throughout the project life cycle. Responding to these challenges, the World Bank developed a series of knowledge products to understand disclosure in PPPs, as well as to provide tools to governments for improving PPP disclosure. Post implementation of national PPP disclosure frameworks in the pilot countries, it became important to document the process, as well as assess the experience and perceptions related to the changed disclosure environment culminating in the disclosure of information via public-facing web portals. To support this task, a study was carried out over 2019-2020 to capture the enhanced disclosure environment, understand the perceptions of stakeholders vis-a-vis structured disclosure, identify what was working well, as well as indicate areas for improvement. This paper is a culmination of this effort to document the process and analyze the experience gained from the four-country pilot carried out in Ghana, Honduras, Kenya, and Nigeria. Section 1 of the paper provides the general background within which PPP disclosure is located, as well as the key elements of the World Bank's Framework for Disclosure in PPPs. Section 2 documents the process followed in developing and implementing customized national frameworks in the pilot countries.

Accountability --- Disclosure --- Public Sector Development --- Public-Private Partnerships --- Transparency

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Protected areas conserve nature and support livelihoods and economies, yet they are undervalued and underfunded. In Africa, 40 co-management and delegated collaborative management partnerships (CMPs) have been established by 15 governments. An analysis of these 40 CMPs in the CMP Toolkit shows that CMPs help fund protected area management enabling the delivery of positive conservation, social, and economic outcomes. This Toolkit is one of the most comprehensive reviews of CMPs in Africa and serves as a reference guide for governments and implementing partners who are considering CMPs as a way to address challenges and threats to protected areas and wildlife. While the case studies and lessons in the Toolkit are derived from national protected areas in Africa, it can be applied to private and community protected areas as well as other protected areas around the world.

Biodiversity --- Conservation --- Environment --- Environmental Protection --- Global Environment Facility --- Natural Resources Management --- Public-Private Partnerships --- Tourism and Ecotourism

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The governments of China and the United States - despite profound differences in history, culture, economic structure, and political ideology - both engage the private sector in the pursuit of public value. This book employs the term collaborative governance to describe relationships where neither the public nor private party is fully in control, arguing that such shared discretion is needed to deliver value to citizens. This concept is exemplified across a wide range of policy arenas, such as constructing high speed rail, hosting the Olympics, building human capital, and managing the healthcare system. This book will help decision-makers apply the principles of collaborative governance to effectively serve the public, and will enable China and the United States to learn from each other's experiences. It will empower public decision-makers to more wisely engage the private sector. The book's overarching conclusion is that transparency is the key to the legitimate growth of collaborative governance.

Public-private sector cooperation --- Private-public partnerships --- Private-public sector cooperation --- Public-private partnerships --- Public-private sector collaboration --- Cooperation --- China --- United States --- Economic policy.

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A public option is a government-provided social good that exists alongside a similar privately provided good. While the public option is typically identified with health care policy, public options have been a longstanding feature of American life in a variety of sectors, ranging from libraries to swimming pools. Public schools, for example, coexist alongside private schools. However, there is surprisingly little research on 'public options' as a general category. Rather, over the last few decades, considerable scholarly and popular efforts to ensure access to important social goods have focused on market subsidies (like vouchers) or privatization - which both face increasing criticism. Uniting scholars from across disciplines, this volume delves into the theory of the public option, explores several important case studies, and shows how public options could be a corrective to the trend toward privatization and subsidies. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Social legislation --- Public-private sector cooperation --- Law and legislation --- Private-public partnerships --- Private-public sector cooperation --- Public-private partnerships --- Public-private sector collaboration --- Cooperation

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Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is in the early stages of a transition to a greener, more resilient economy. The country has embarked on an ambitious reform agenda for the forestry sector including with respect to progressing sustainable forest management (SFM). To support the reform process and raise complementary public and credible private investment in forestry, the Government of Lao PDR (GoL) and the World Bank Group (WBG) have together engaged in the Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA) on Sustainability of Lao PDR's Forests to enhance understanding and implementation of SFM. This policy note summarises the results of one of the six technical background reports under the ASA which focused on the policies and supporting regulatory framework for timber legality assurance, certification and partnerships in the forest sector.

Agriculture --- Enterprise Development and Reform --- Environment --- Forestry Management --- Natural Resources Management --- Private Sector Development --- Public-Private Partnerships --- Sustainable Land Management --- Timber Industry