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The improvement of exercise performance in sports not only involves the enhancement of physical strength, but also includes the development of psychological and cognitive functions. There is an increasing body of evidence to show that physical exercise is a powerful way to improve a number of aspects of cognition and brain function at the systemic and behavioral levels. Yet, several questions remain: What type of exercise program is optimal for improving cognitive functions? What are the real effects of certain innovative exercise protocols on the relationship between behavior and the brain? To what extent do ergogenic aids boost cognitive function? How efficient are neuromodulation techniques in relation to behavioral performance? The answers to these questions likely require multidisciplinary insights not only from physiologists and sports scientists, but also from neuroscientists and psychologists. The manuscripts published (16 research papers and one perspective article from various academic fields) in this Special Issue Book “Exercise: A Gate That Primes the Brain to Perform” bring together current knowledge and novel directions in human exercise-cognition research dealing with performance. This book showcases the various relationships between cognitive function, brain activity, and behavioral performance with applications in sports and exercise science.

Psychology --- Muscle fatigue --- voluntary activation --- self-control --- performance --- motivation --- exercise physiology --- cognition --- high intensity interval training --- moderate intensity continuous exercise --- exercise training --- transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) --- whole-body movement --- motor system --- muscle strength --- high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) --- foot muscle strength --- passive ankle kinesthesia --- static balance --- exercise --- executive functions --- core symptoms --- children --- autism spectrum disorders --- personalized training --- personalized medicine --- exercise prescription --- inhibition --- basketball --- playing positions --- Go/NoGo --- event-related potential --- volition --- brain structure --- sense of agency --- sport --- MRI --- brain regulation --- physical performance --- cognitive performance --- supplementation --- sprint start --- cerebral oxygenation --- ventral-lateral-prefrontal-cortex --- caffeine --- prolonged intermittent exercise --- exercise performance --- acute aerobic exercise --- declarative memory --- procedural memory --- coding period --- consolidation period --- resistance training --- barbell training --- strength training --- HIFT --- neurocognition --- effort --- exertion --- obesity --- inhibitory control --- aerobic exercise --- resistance exercise --- aging --- cardiovascular exercise --- fronto-parietal network --- neuroimaging --- motor performance --- priming tDCS --- cathodal --- multiple sessions --- motor learning --- neuroplasticity --- n/a

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This book provides new and in-depth insights into molecular aspects of plant cell signaling in response to biotic, such as aphid- and grey mold disease-resistance, and abiotic stresses, such as soil salinity and drought stress, and additionally, functional analysis on signaling components involved in flowering, juvenility, GA signaling, and biosynthesis, and miRNA-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, plant acclimation was reported, with emphasis on mechanistic insights into the roles of brassinosteroids, cyclic AMP, and hydrogen sulfide, and the recent advances of transmembrane receptor-like kinases were refined. Clearly, plant cell signaling is an intensive topic and whether it is now or in the future, the emerging technology in functional analysis such as genome editing technologies, high-throughput technologies, integrative multiple-omics as well as bioinformatics can assist researchers to reveal novel aspects of the regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and development, and acclimation to environmental and biotic stresses. The achievement of such research will be useful in improving crop stress tolerances to increase agricultural productivity and sustainability for the food supply of the world.

salinity --- selenium (Se) --- crops --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- enzymatic anti-oxidative system --- drought --- GA --- DELLA --- ABF2 --- protein–protein interaction --- Arabidopsis --- endocytosis --- microRNAs --- miPEPs --- peptides --- development --- kinase --- receptor --- stress --- tobacco --- calcium --- calcite --- reactive oxygen species --- ion channels --- cellular signalization --- brassinosteroids --- receptor-like kinases --- GSK3-like kinases --- somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases --- protein phosphatases --- Malus domestica --- Rosaceae --- juvenility --- FLOWERING LOCUS C --- flowering --- Hydrogen sulfide --- S-sulfhydration --- plant hormone --- gasotransmitter --- disease resistance --- plant defense --- herbivore --- phytohormone --- plant biotic stress --- plant signalling --- Medicago truncatula --- abiotic stress --- cAMP --- cyclic nucleotides-gated channels --- plant innate immunity --- Botrytis cinerea --- tomato --- iprodione --- mutant --- transcriptome analysis --- metabolism --- catalytic activity --- dwarfism --- gene cloning --- MNP1 --- CPS --- ABA signaling --- brassinosteroid signaling cascade --- drought tolerance --- priming --- stress adaptation --- stress memory --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- DELLA/TVHYNP --- Dwarf --- GA20OX2 --- GA signaling --- n/a --- protein-protein interaction

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This book presents the advances in plant salinity stress and tolerance, including mechanistic insights revealed using powerful molecular tools and multi-omics and gene functions studied by genetic engineering and advanced biotechnological methods. Additionally, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the improvement of plant salinity tolerance and the underlying mechanisms and progress in breeding for salinity-tolerant rice are comprehensively discussed. Clearly, the published data have contributed to the significant progress in expanding our knowledge in the field of plant salinity stress and the results are valuable in developing salinity-stress-tolerant crops; in benefiting their quality and productivity; and eventually, in supporting the sustainability of the world food supply.

watermelon --- salt stress --- RNA-seq --- amino acids --- endocytosis --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- halophyte --- high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) --- Na+ transporter --- salt tolerance --- Sporobolus virginicus --- aquaporins --- barley --- ion transport --- oocytes --- plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) --- GmbZIP15 --- transcription factor --- drought stress --- soybean --- biotechnology breeding --- high-throughput sequencing --- QTLs --- rice --- halophytic wild barley --- salinity --- osmotic stress --- metabolome --- transcriptome --- ionome --- stress adaptation --- Hordeum marinum --- aquaporin --- Zygophyllum xanthoxylum --- plant growth --- abiotic stress --- sensing --- signaling --- transcription factors --- osmoregulation --- antioxidation --- ion homeostasis --- jasmonates --- jasmonate signaling pathway --- crosstalk --- exogenous jasmonate applications --- GWAS --- PGPR --- ACC deaminase --- seed priming --- IAA --- cell wall integrity --- cell wall sensor --- LRXs --- CrRLK1Ls --- Millettia pinnata --- calmodulin-like --- heterologous expression --- halophiles --- plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) --- RNA sequence analysis (RNA-seq) --- quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) --- n/a

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The improvement of exercise performance in sports not only involves the enhancement of physical strength, but also includes the development of psychological and cognitive functions. There is an increasing body of evidence to show that physical exercise is a powerful way to improve a number of aspects of cognition and brain function at the systemic and behavioral levels. Yet, several questions remain: What type of exercise program is optimal for improving cognitive functions? What are the real effects of certain innovative exercise protocols on the relationship between behavior and the brain? To what extent do ergogenic aids boost cognitive function? How efficient are neuromodulation techniques in relation to behavioral performance? The answers to these questions likely require multidisciplinary insights not only from physiologists and sports scientists, but also from neuroscientists and psychologists. The manuscripts published (16 research papers and one perspective article from various academic fields) in this Special Issue Book “Exercise: A Gate That Primes the Brain to Perform” bring together current knowledge and novel directions in human exercise-cognition research dealing with performance. This book showcases the various relationships between cognitive function, brain activity, and behavioral performance with applications in sports and exercise science.

Psychology --- Muscle fatigue --- voluntary activation --- self-control --- performance --- motivation --- exercise physiology --- cognition --- high intensity interval training --- moderate intensity continuous exercise --- exercise training --- transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) --- whole-body movement --- motor system --- muscle strength --- high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) --- foot muscle strength --- passive ankle kinesthesia --- static balance --- exercise --- executive functions --- core symptoms --- children --- autism spectrum disorders --- personalized training --- personalized medicine --- exercise prescription --- inhibition --- basketball --- playing positions --- Go/NoGo --- event-related potential --- volition --- brain structure --- sense of agency --- sport --- MRI --- brain regulation --- physical performance --- cognitive performance --- supplementation --- sprint start --- cerebral oxygenation --- ventral-lateral-prefrontal-cortex --- caffeine --- prolonged intermittent exercise --- exercise performance --- acute aerobic exercise --- declarative memory --- procedural memory --- coding period --- consolidation period --- resistance training --- barbell training --- strength training --- HIFT --- neurocognition --- effort --- exertion --- obesity --- inhibitory control --- aerobic exercise --- resistance exercise --- aging --- cardiovascular exercise --- fronto-parietal network --- neuroimaging --- motor performance --- priming tDCS --- cathodal --- multiple sessions --- motor learning --- neuroplasticity

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book presents the advances in plant salinity stress and tolerance, including mechanistic insights revealed using powerful molecular tools and multi-omics and gene functions studied by genetic engineering and advanced biotechnological methods. Additionally, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the improvement of plant salinity tolerance and the underlying mechanisms and progress in breeding for salinity-tolerant rice are comprehensively discussed. Clearly, the published data have contributed to the significant progress in expanding our knowledge in the field of plant salinity stress and the results are valuable in developing salinity-stress-tolerant crops; in benefiting their quality and productivity; and eventually, in supporting the sustainability of the world food supply.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- watermelon --- salt stress --- RNA-seq --- amino acids --- endocytosis --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- halophyte --- high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) --- Na+ transporter --- salt tolerance --- Sporobolus virginicus --- aquaporins --- barley --- ion transport --- oocytes --- plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) --- GmbZIP15 --- transcription factor --- drought stress --- soybean --- biotechnology breeding --- high-throughput sequencing --- QTLs --- rice --- halophytic wild barley --- salinity --- osmotic stress --- metabolome --- transcriptome --- ionome --- stress adaptation --- Hordeum marinum --- aquaporin --- Zygophyllum xanthoxylum --- plant growth --- abiotic stress --- sensing --- signaling --- transcription factors --- osmoregulation --- antioxidation --- ion homeostasis --- jasmonates --- jasmonate signaling pathway --- crosstalk --- exogenous jasmonate applications --- GWAS --- PGPR --- ACC deaminase --- seed priming --- IAA --- cell wall integrity --- cell wall sensor --- LRXs --- CrRLK1Ls --- Millettia pinnata --- calmodulin-like --- heterologous expression --- halophiles --- plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) --- RNA sequence analysis (RNA-seq) --- quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR)