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In The Egyptian Elite as Roman Citizens Giorgia Cafici offers the analysis of private, male portrait sculptures as attested in Egypt between the end of the Ptolemaic and the beginning of the Roman Period. Ptolemaic/Early Roman portraits are examined using a combination of detailed stylistic evaluation, philological analysis of the inscriptions and historical and prosopographical investigation of the individuals portrayed. The emergence of this type of sculpture has been contextualised, both geographically and chronologically, as it belongs to a wider Mediterranean horizon. The analysis has revealed that eminent members of the Egyptian elite decided to be represented in an innovative way, echoing the portraits of eminent Romans of the Late Republic, whose identity was surely known in Egypt.
Portrait sculpture, Egyptian --- Sculpture, Egyptian --- Egypt --- History --- Egyptian sculpture --- Egyptian portrait sculpture --- Portrait sculpture, Egyptian. --- Sculpture, Egyptian.
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This volume brings together eight contributions that illuminate how attributes were used by Palmyrene sculptors and patrons in order to express social cohesion and group identity, as well as to demonstrate individuality. During the Roman era, when the ancient city of Palmyra was at the height of its powers, several thousand funerary portraits were sculpted, each carefully crafted to represent the men, women, and children who had once lived there as members of the Palmyrene elite. In their commemorative monuments, these individuals were given specific attributes to express their social status, wealth, identity, and skills. This volume provides an in-depth exploration of different aspects of these funerary portraits, and illuminates in particular the addition of attributes and how and why they were used by both artists and their patrons. The eight contributions gathered here examine the range of choices available to commissioners of art works in Palmyra, the prevalence or rarity of specific attributes, and the ways in which the variation and selection of attributes could be used in funerary, religious, or public contexts to express social cohesion and group identity, as well as to demonstrate individuality. Crucially, while these funerary monuments may be closely associated with Palmyra, they in fact provide clear evidence of the city’s relationships across the wider region: examination of the different attributes suggests that the Palmyrenes were aware of how these were used, perceived, and adapted by neighbouring people as a way of transmitting various social meanings and expressing their own values.
Portrait sculpture, Roman --- Sculpture, Roman --- Themes, motives.
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Das Buch behandelt das Phänomen, daß sich in der römischen Kaiserzeit auch von den Bildnissen nicht-kaiserlicher Personen mehrere antike Exemplare (Repliken) nachweisen lassen. Für die Selbstdarstellung hochrangiger Würdenträger, aber auch von einfachen Bürgern, ist demnach dasselbe Verfahren angewendet worden wie für die römischen Kaiser und ihre nächsten Angehörigen. Als eines der Kriterien zur Identifizierung eines römischen Kaiserbildnisses galt bisher der Nachweis von antiken Repliken. Diese Regel kann nicht mehr aufrecht erhalten werden: Auch von Bildnissen nicht-kaiserlicher Personen lassen sich antike Repliken nachweisen. Das gilt nicht nur für die Bildnisse von Angehörigen der Oberschicht, sondern auch für die einfacherer Bürger. Das Phänomen ist in allen Teilen des Römischen Reiches, in denen Bildnisse hergestellt wurden, zu finden. Die zur Zeit nachweisbaren Beispiele sind in diesem Buch zusammengetragen worden. Einige Fälle waren schon lange bekannt (Herodes Atticus, Athenais, Polydeukion), jedoch hat die Forschung daraus keine Konsequenzen gezogen. Bildnisrepliken wurde nicht nur in der Öffentlichkeit aufgestellt, vor allem in Gräbern bot sich die Möglichkeit, die Verstorbenen in mehrfachen Bildnissen zu ehren. Allerdings lassen sich nur wenige entsprechende Fundzusammenhänge nachweisen, denn Bildnisse aus diesem Bereich wurden als "Dubletten“ durch den Kunsthandel in der Regel auseinandergerissen. Aus der Gruppe der antiken Bildnisrepliken müssen die in der Neuzeit nach berühmten antiken Vorbildern hergestellten Kopien ausgeschieden werden. In der älteren Forschung sind sie teilweise als antike Kopien angesehen worden und wegen ihres vorgeblichen Replikencharakters irrtümlich auf römische Kaiser und deren Angehörige bezogen worden. Es ist allerdings nicht immer ganz einfach, die neuzeitliche Entstehung nachzuweisen. Im Anhang B sind dazu die wichtigsten Beispiele zusammengestellt. Der Anhang A stellt die mehrfachen Porträts derselben Person an Grabaltären und Sarkophagen zusammen, die als Musterbeispiele für Privatporträts mit Repliken angesehen werden können.
Portrait sculpture, Roman --- Social aspects. --- Reproduction
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Portrait sculpture, Ancient --- Busts --- Relief (Sculpture), Ancient
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"In The Egyptian Elite as Roman Citizens Giorgia Cafici offers the analysis of private, male portrait sculptures as attested in Egypt between the end of the Ptolemaic and the beginning of the Roman Period. Ptolemaic/Early Roman portraits are examined using a combination of detailed stylistic evaluation, philological analysis of the inscriptions and historical and prosopographical investigation of the individuals portrayed. The emergence of this type of sculpture has been contextualised, both geographically and chronologically, as it belongs to a wider Mediterranean horizon. The analysis has revealed that eminent members of the Egyptian elite decided to be represented in an innovative way, echoing of portraits of eminent Romans of the Late Republic, whose identity was surely known in Egypt"--
Portrait sculpture, Egyptian. --- Sculpture, Egyptian. --- Egypt --- History --- Portrait sculpture, Egyptian --- Sculpture, Egyptian
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Marble sculpture, Roman --- Marble sculpture, Greek --- Portrait sculpture
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Portrait sculpture, Greco-Roman --- Portraits, Roman --- Portraits, Greek --- Coins, Roman
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Portrait sculpture, Roman --- Kings and rulers, Ancient --- Titus, --- Domitian,
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"This book explores the ways in which statues have been experienced in public in different cultures and the role that has been played by statues in defining publicness itself. The meaning of public statues is examined through discussion of their appearance and their spatial context, and of written discourses having to do with how they were experienced. Bringing together experts working on statues in different cultures, the book sheds light on similarities and differences in the role that public statues had in different times and places throughout history. The book will also provide insight into the diverse methods and approaches that scholars working on these different periods are using to investigate statues. The book will appeal to historians, art historians and archaeologists of all periods who have an interest in the display of sculpture, the reception of public art or the significance of public monuments"--
Statues --- Public sculpture --- Portrait sculpture --- Art and society --- Social aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Social aspects.
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"This volume presents the first English translation of Harald Ingholt's seminal work 'Studier over Palmyrensk Skulptur', together with a number of studies that contextualise this important volume in the light of current research. Almost a century after its publication in 1928, Ingholt's ground-breaking Danish-language monograph remains essential reading for all scholars of Palmyrene archaeology and iconography, setting out observations on the typology and style of securely dated Palmyrene portraits, and establishing a stylistic and chronological sequence that remains in use today. Included alongside the translation of Ingholt's writings are contributions by leading scholars in the field who seek to introduce Harald Ingholt and explore the impact of his work in Palmyra, as well as presenting a survey of all the portraits from Palmyra that can be securely dated by inscription. The translation and commentary have been realized as part of the Palmyra Portrait Project, directed by Prof. Rubina Raja"
Sculpture --- Portrait sculpture --- Relief (Sculpture), Ancient --- Ingholt, Harald, --- Sculpture antique --- Tadmur (Syrie ; région) --- Palmyrène --- Antiquités. --- Sculpture - Syria - Tadmur --- Tadmur (Syria) - Antiquities
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