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Title in English: Physical activity as an effective means of non-pharmacological care in oncology. Much of the existing research confirms the assumption that regular physical activity can play a crucial role in nonpharmacological therapy and quality of life management in cancer survivors. The treatment of oncological diseases itself brings about numerous undesirable side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, anxiety, depression, sarcopenia, polyneuropathy, cancer fatigue and sleep disorders. Regular physical activity is associated with significant benefits for health including a lower risk of developing certain types of tumours and elimination of the accompanying undesirable effects of oncological treatment. A number of epidemiological studies found a correlation between regular physical activity and lower mortality linked to oncological diseases. The minimal amount of the activity needed to gain this benefit has not been established, however, the recommendations of ACSM indicate that at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity are needed per week. Physical exercise as nonpharmacological treatment is a domain of cancer survivors therapy whose aim is to incorporate targeted controlled exercise programmes into the overall treatment plan of the patients. Exercise programmes can be performed both in the duration of the illness as well as in the period prior to the treatment or in the course of adjuvant antitumour treatment (including chemotherapy) and in survivors. When prescribing physical activity it is necessary to take current health condition of the patient into account including their comorbidities, age or the level of physical fitness. If controlled physical activity is to become an indispensable part of oncological treatment it will be necessary to prove the therapy is safe and cost-effective.

Oncology --- physical activity --- nonpharmacological therapy --- cancer --- quality of life

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Contexte. Le nombre d’individus présentant des symptômes de dépression est resté constamment élevé depuis 1990, faisant des troubles dépressifs la première cause d’incapacité dans le monde. Le manque d’activité physique (AP), second problème mondial, provoque des conséquences délétères sur la santé physique et mentale. Les personnes qui présentent des symptômes de dépression sont particulièrement inactives. Pourtant, l’AP serait efficace pour réduire les symptômes de dépression. Plusieurs déficits au niveau de la motivation et de la mise en action rendraient la pratique d’AP laborieuse pour les personnes qui présentent des symptômes de dépression. Le modèle Health Action Process Approach (HAPA ; Schwarzer, 2008) serait pertinent pour améliorer les compétences qui interviennent dans le changement de comportement. Objectifs. Cette étude a pour but d’investiguer l’efficacité d’une intervention basée sur le modèle HAPA pour promouvoir l’AP et diminuer les symptômes de dépression de personnes présentant des symptômes de dépression légers.
Design. Protocole à cas unique. 
Méthode. Quatre femmes (Mage = 30.7 ans ± 10.44) avec un niveau limité d’AP et des symptômes de dépression légers ont participé à l’étude, dont trois dans son entièreté. Les variables de l’étude ont été mesurées selon un design en trois phases (ligne de base, intervention et maintien). Des techniques de changement de comportement ont été implémentées pour améliorer les variables du modèle HAPA. Pour améliorer l’auto-efficacité, nous avons proposé une exposition en réalité virtuelle. Des analyses pour protocoles à cas unique comme les analyses visuelles, le pourcentage de non-chevauchement, la regression piecewise ou le Reliable Change Index ont été menées. 
Résultats. Une diminution significative des symptômes de dépression et une augmentation significative du niveau d’AP ont été observés pour les trois participantes. Chez plusieurs participantes, des variables du modèle HAPA comme l’intention, l’auto-efficacité d’action, la planification de l’action et à faire face et le contrôle de l’action se sont significativement améliorées. Les propriétés des environnements virtuels créés pour cette étude étaient bonnes. 
Conclusion. Le modèle HAPA apparaît pertinent pour proposer une intervention visant à promouvoir l’AP chez des personnes présentant des symptômes de dépression légers. L’AP ou certaines variables du modèle HAPA seraient liées à la diminution des symptômes. Pour proposer cette intervention à des individus présentant des symptômes de dépression plus sévères, plusieurs adaptations semblent nécessaires.

Depression --- Physical Activity --- Health Action Process Approach --- Single-Case Design --- Health Psychology --- Virtual Reality --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Traitement & psychologie clinique

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This book covers a wide range of malnutrition manifestations across the globe. Malnutrition in any form has an serious, long-term impact on children’s development, health and well-being. It is an emerging public health problem that needs to be addressed through actions and policies.The Special Issue opens with an overview of global malnutrition data. It is followed by three articles on eating disorders: a systematic review of the correlation between vegetarian diets and eating disorders in adolescents and young adults, a review of the nutritional risks among adolescent athletes with disordered eating, and a systematic review of the neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa.The next article is a review on the nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients at diagnosis and its correlations with treatment, clinical outcome and long-term growth and health of survivors.The need for more extensive assessment of children’ nutritional status in developing countries is explored in the next two articles: a presentation of anthropometry measurements among Nepali children living in orphanages and a report on the nutritional status, diet, and intestinal parasites in hosted Saharawi children.The next article focusses on the development of a disease-specific tool for determining malnutrition risk in pediatric and adolescent cystic fibrosis outpatients in Greece. The last two articles examine aspects of childhood obesity in two Mediterranean countries. First, sociodemographic determinants of childhood obesity in Spain are presented. The last article examines the effects of nutrition and physical activity habits and perceptions on adolescents’ Body Mass Index in Greece.We wish to thank everyone who contributed to this project, including the patients and families that participated in the studies presented in this book.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- adiposity --- waist circumference --- anthropometry --- children --- socioeconomic factors --- health inequality indicators --- orphanage --- Nepal --- childhood cancer --- pediatric oncology --- nutritional status --- malnutrition --- Sahara --- lactose malabsorption --- celiac disease --- intestinal parasites --- hygiene --- diet --- health --- pulmonary disease --- forced expiratory volume --- pulmonary infection --- nutritional assessment --- screening --- underweight --- pulmonary function --- pancreatic insufficiency --- PERT --- vegetarianism --- vegetarian diets --- eating disorders --- mental health --- adolescents --- young adults --- n/a --- anorexia nervosa --- neuroimaging --- magnetic resonance imaging --- diffusion tensor imaging --- single photon emission computed tomography --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- nutrition habits --- nutrition perceptions --- Body Mass Index (BMI) category --- overweight --- obesity --- physical activity habits --- physical activity perceptions --- Greece --- adolescent athletes --- disordered eating --- nutritional risk --- low energy availability --- female athlete triad

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In this book, distinguished contributors, including anthropologists, human biologists, physiologists, nutritionists, and clinical scientists, describe many of the new strategies for assessing body composition and physical performance. This volume is suitable for students and professionals in sports nutrition and exercise. It provides a needed link between body composition and physical performance. It will also be useful to workers in sports medicine and ergonomics.

mindfulness in physical activity --- performance --- self-efficacy --- self-monitoring --- youth --- overweight --- competitive sport --- exercise test --- obese --- heart rate --- incremental test --- blood pressure --- older adults --- exercise --- correlation --- foot --- biomechanics --- aerobic training --- singing --- physical fitness --- physical effort of singing --- anthropometry --- BIVA --- body composition --- body shape --- phase angle --- vector length --- aging --- bioelectrical impedance analysis --- elderly --- strength training --- dose-response --- young athletes --- lean mass --- maturation --- performance sensory motor --- sports --- puberty --- team sports --- fat mass --- muscle mass --- elite players --- positional differences --- sand --- talent identification --- self-concept --- physical activities --- lockdown --- COVID-19 --- adolescents --- body fat percentage --- DEXA --- body metrix --- functional capacity --- older people --- functional autonomy assessment --- health --- accelerometer --- sedentary behaviour --- moderate-to-vigorous physical activity --- age --- sex

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In this book, distinguished contributors, including anthropologists, human biologists, physiologists, nutritionists, and clinical scientists, describe many of the new strategies for assessing body composition and physical performance. This volume is suitable for students and professionals in sports nutrition and exercise. It provides a needed link between body composition and physical performance. It will also be useful to workers in sports medicine and ergonomics.

Medicine --- mindfulness in physical activity --- performance --- self-efficacy --- self-monitoring --- youth --- overweight --- competitive sport --- exercise test --- obese --- heart rate --- incremental test --- blood pressure --- older adults --- exercise --- correlation --- foot --- biomechanics --- aerobic training --- singing --- physical fitness --- physical effort of singing --- anthropometry --- BIVA --- body composition --- body shape --- phase angle --- vector length --- aging --- bioelectrical impedance analysis --- elderly --- strength training --- dose-response --- young athletes --- lean mass --- maturation --- performance sensory motor --- sports --- puberty --- team sports --- fat mass --- muscle mass --- elite players --- positional differences --- sand --- talent identification --- self-concept --- physical activities --- lockdown --- COVID-19 --- adolescents --- body fat percentage --- DEXA --- body metrix --- functional capacity --- older people --- functional autonomy assessment --- health --- accelerometer --- sedentary behaviour --- moderate-to-vigorous physical activity --- age --- sex