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This book covers controller tuning techniques from conventional to new optimization methods for diverse control engineering applications. Classical controller tuning approaches are presented with real-world challenges faced in control engineering. Current developments in applying optimization techniques to controller tuning are explained. Case studies of optimization algorithms applied to controller tuning dealing with nonlinearities and limitations like the inverted pendulum and the automatic voltage regulator are presented with performance comparisons. Students and researchers in engineering and optimization interested in optimization methods for controller tuning will utilize this book to apply optimization algorithms to controller tuning, to choose the most suitable optimization algorithm for a specific application, and to develop new optimization techniques for controller tuning.

Calculus of variations. --- Control engineering. --- Numerical analysis. --- Differential equations. --- Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control; Optimization. --- Control and Systems Theory. --- Numerical Analysis. --- Ordinary Differential Equations. --- 517.91 Differential equations --- Differential equations --- Mathematical analysis --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Automation --- Programmable controllers --- Isoperimetrical problems --- Variations, Calculus of --- Maxima and minima

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This Special Issue “Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Flexibility in Smart Buildings” addresses the relevant role of buildings as strategic instruments to improve the efficiency and flexibility of the overall energy system. This role of the built environment is not yet fully developed and exploited and the book content contributes to increasing the general awareness of achievable benefits. In particular, different topics are discussed, such as optimal control, innovative efficient technologies, methodological approaches, and country analysis about energy efficiency and energy flexibility potential of the built environment. The Special Issue offers valuable insights into the most recent research developments worldwide.

Research & information: general --- real-time optimal control --- system coefficient of performance --- event-driven optimal control --- building energy efficiency --- heat wheel --- direct expansion cooling --- ventilation system --- energy consumption --- load forecast fuzzy (LFF) control --- SVM method --- building HVAC system --- time delay effect --- optimal control strategy --- phase change material --- hysteresis --- simulations --- EnergyPlus --- thermal energy storage --- green roofs --- buildings --- air conditioning --- energy efficiency --- mediterranean area --- building energy consumption --- building load forecasting --- rough set theory --- thermal improved of buildings --- single-family house --- detached house --- energy renovation --- deep retrofit --- power demand --- electric heating --- ground-source heat pump --- hybrid energy system --- microgrid --- military applications --- renewable energy --- remote areas --- electricity --- HVAC --- demand forecasting --- flexibility --- office building --- Smart Grid --- fault correction --- fault detection and diagnostics --- building operation --- field testing --- nZEB, BIPV --- room ventilation --- dynamic thermal insulation --- multi-parametric model --- energy optimization --- steady-state control --- building energy control system --- comfort and engineering --- buidling simulation (EnergyPlus and MATLAB) --- long-term thermal energy storage --- seasonal thermal energy storage --- thermochemical energy storage --- liquid sorption storage --- power-to-heat --- seasonal energy flexibility --- seasonal load shifting --- virtual battery effect --- design-time optimization --- cost modeling and simulation --- cyber-physical system --- electrical energy system --- sustainable energy planning --- sustainable power planning --- design space exploration --- SystemC-AMS --- window frames --- numerical analysis --- hot box --- sensitivity analysis --- demand flexibility --- control system --- optimization --- resiliency --- smart buildings --- distributed energy resources --- model predictive control --- data-driven model --- artificial neural network --- physical building model --- energy flexibility --- urban scale --- building energy simulation --- regression --- building archetypes --- energy performance of buildings --- solar passive systems --- low energy buildings --- smart districts --- smart grids --- smart readiness indicator --- energy performance of buildings directive --- load shifting --- demand response --- building-integrated photovoltaics --- BIPV --- hidden coloured BIPV module --- BIPV integration --- photovoltaic --- PV

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This Special Issue “Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Flexibility in Smart Buildings” addresses the relevant role of buildings as strategic instruments to improve the efficiency and flexibility of the overall energy system. This role of the built environment is not yet fully developed and exploited and the book content contributes to increasing the general awareness of achievable benefits. In particular, different topics are discussed, such as optimal control, innovative efficient technologies, methodological approaches, and country analysis about energy efficiency and energy flexibility potential of the built environment. The Special Issue offers valuable insights into the most recent research developments worldwide.

Research & information: general --- real-time optimal control --- system coefficient of performance --- event-driven optimal control --- building energy efficiency --- heat wheel --- direct expansion cooling --- ventilation system --- energy consumption --- load forecast fuzzy (LFF) control --- SVM method --- building HVAC system --- time delay effect --- optimal control strategy --- phase change material --- hysteresis --- simulations --- EnergyPlus --- thermal energy storage --- green roofs --- buildings --- air conditioning --- energy efficiency --- mediterranean area --- building energy consumption --- building load forecasting --- rough set theory --- thermal improved of buildings --- single-family house --- detached house --- energy renovation --- deep retrofit --- power demand --- electric heating --- ground-source heat pump --- hybrid energy system --- microgrid --- military applications --- renewable energy --- remote areas --- electricity --- HVAC --- demand forecasting --- flexibility --- office building --- Smart Grid --- fault correction --- fault detection and diagnostics --- building operation --- field testing --- nZEB, BIPV --- room ventilation --- dynamic thermal insulation --- multi-parametric model --- energy optimization --- steady-state control --- building energy control system --- comfort and engineering --- buidling simulation (EnergyPlus and MATLAB) --- long-term thermal energy storage --- seasonal thermal energy storage --- thermochemical energy storage --- liquid sorption storage --- power-to-heat --- seasonal energy flexibility --- seasonal load shifting --- virtual battery effect --- design-time optimization --- cost modeling and simulation --- cyber-physical system --- electrical energy system --- sustainable energy planning --- sustainable power planning --- design space exploration --- SystemC-AMS --- window frames --- numerical analysis --- hot box --- sensitivity analysis --- demand flexibility --- control system --- optimization --- resiliency --- smart buildings --- distributed energy resources --- model predictive control --- data-driven model --- artificial neural network --- physical building model --- energy flexibility --- urban scale --- building energy simulation --- regression --- building archetypes --- energy performance of buildings --- solar passive systems --- low energy buildings --- smart districts --- smart grids --- smart readiness indicator --- energy performance of buildings directive --- load shifting --- demand response --- building-integrated photovoltaics --- BIPV --- hidden coloured BIPV module --- BIPV integration --- photovoltaic --- PV

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Visual servoing is a well-known approach to guide robots using visual information. Image processing, robotics, and control theory are combined in order to control the motion of a robot depending on the visual information extracted from the images captured by one or several cameras. With respect to vision issues, a number of issues are currently being addressed by ongoing research, such as the use of different types of image features (or different types of cameras such as RGBD cameras), image processing at high velocity, and convergence properties. As shown in this book, the use of new control schemes allows the system to behave more robustly, efficiently, or compliantly, with fewer delays. Related issues such as optimal and robust approaches, direct control, path tracking, or sensor fusion are also addressed. Additionally, we can currently find visual servoing systems being applied in a number of different domains. This book considers various aspects of visual servoing systems, such as the design of new strategies for their application to parallel robots, mobile manipulators, teleoperation, and the application of this type of control system in new areas.

Technology: general issues --- head-mounted display --- virtual reality --- motion-to-photon latency --- Hydraulic Servo System --- SMCSPO --- Bilateral Control --- Estimated Reaction Force --- Master–Slave Configuration and Nuclear Power Plant --- spray painting robot --- FPAG --- GA --- ACO --- PSO --- TTOI problem --- visual compass --- orientation estimation --- hybrid features --- plane tracking --- vanishing direction --- Manhattan World --- RGB-D camera --- visual servoing --- optimal control --- mobile manipulator --- dynamic control --- fuzzy neural network --- sliding mode control --- picking robot --- parallel robot --- dynamic model --- closed-loop output-error identification --- optical CMM sensor --- image-based visual servoing --- image feature loss --- industrial robots --- switch control --- n/a --- Master-Slave Configuration and Nuclear Power Plant

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This Special Edition contains new results on Differential and Integral Equations and Systems, covering higher-order Initial and Boundary Value Problems, fractional differential and integral equations and applications, non-local optimal control, inverse, and higher-order nonlinear boundary value problems, distributional solutions in the form of a finite series of the Dirac delta function and its derivatives, asymptotic properties’ oscillatory theory for neutral nonlinear differential equations, the existence of extremal solutions via monotone iterative techniques, predator–prey interaction via fractional-order models, among others. Our main goal is not only to show new trends in this field but also to showcase and provide new methods and techniques that can lead to future research.

fourth-order differential equations --- neutral delay --- oscillation --- ψ-Caputo fractional derivative --- Cauchy problem extremal solutions --- monotone iterative technique --- upper and lower solutions --- third-order differential equation --- boundary value problem --- existence --- sign conditions --- mixed type nonlinear equation --- hilfer operator --- mittag–leffler function --- spectral parameter --- solvability --- equations of the pseudo-elliptic type of third order --- energy estimate --- analog of the Saint-Venant principle --- even-order differential equations --- Dirac delta function --- distributional solution --- Laplace transform --- power series solution --- integro-differential equation --- mixed type equation --- small parameter --- spectral parameters --- Caputo operators of different fractional orders --- inverse problem --- one value solvability --- Rosenzweig–MacArthur model --- fractional derivatives --- threshold harvesting --- distributed-order fractional calculus --- basic optimal control problem --- Pontryagin extremals