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Explores the social function of historical writing from across various world regions from Europe through the Islamic world to China, around the turn of the millennium, and how they construct and shape identities, as well as communicate ‘visions of community’ and legitimate political claims. Historical writing has shaped identities in various ways and to different extents. This volume explores this multiplicity by looking at case studies from Europe, Byzantium, the Islamic World, and China around the turn of the first millennium. The chapters in this volume address official histories and polemical critique, traditional genres and experimental forms, ancient traditions and emerging territories, empires and barbarians. The authors do not take the identities highlighted in the texts for granted, but examine the complex strategies of identification that they employ. This volume thus explores how historiographical works in diverse contexts construct and shape identities, as well as legitimate political claims and communicate ‘visions of community’.

Histoire médiévale --- Orient et Occident --- Eurasie

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Des attaques contre le magazine satirique Charlie Hebdo à la prise d'otages qui s'en est suivie dans un supermarché juif, en passant par l'assassinat de Samuel Paty, le débat sur l'incompatibilité d'une culture prétendument islamique avec les «valeurs occidentales» et les Lumières s'est à nouveau enflammé au cours de ces dernières années. Le fait qu'au même moment, un large mouvement populiste-raciste de droite s'agite contre une «islamisation de l'Europe» redoutée donne à ce débat un caractère encore plus explosif. La principale thèse de «L'Exhumation des dieux» est que le prétendu choc des civilisations est en fait un conflit identitaire-culturaliste au sein de la société capitaliste mondiale. Cette thématique nouvelle marque un tournant historique où, après la phase néolibérale et son culte prononcé de l'individualisme, le balancier de l'histoire va dans l'autre sens, y compris en Occident, réaffirmant la position dominante des identités collectives qui autrefois avaient accompagné l'histoire de l'instauration du capitalisme. Mais à l'ère du capitalisme de crise ce n'est plus seulement la Nation qui est au cœur du culturalisme contemporain. Le passage de la communauté imaginaire de la Nation aux communautés imaginaires religieuses – le religionisme dans ses diverses formes hindouiste, chrétienne ou islamique – dans la production des identités collectives, marque une nouvelle étape dans la crise de la société de la valeur. À ce titre, les différentes expressions de l'islamisme contemporain ne représentent pas une rechute dans des formes traditionnelles de religiosité, mais une forme très moderne et spécifique de pseudo-religiosité, qui trouve ses causes dans les symptômes de décomposition de la société capitaliste globale.

Islamisme. --- Capitalisme. --- Civilisation occidentale. --- Islamisme --- Fondamentalisme religieux --- Capitalisme --- Valeurs (philosophie) --- Occident --- Islamic fundamentalism --- Islam and politics --- Capitalism

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The current political standoff between America and Iran and the civil wars in Syria and Yemen illustrate that the interaction between so-called Western and Middle Eastern civilizations is constantly in flux. A recurring theme however is how Islam and Muslims signify the 'Other' in the Western socio-cultural imagination and have become the standard against which the West identifies itself, particularly during the so-called 'War on Terror'. In a unique and insightful blend of feminist, critical race and post-colonial theory, SuneraThobani examines how Islam has contributed to the formation of Western identity at critical points in history such as the Crusades, the Reconquista and the colonial period. More specifically, she explores how masculinity and femininity are formed at such pivotal junctures and what role feminism has to play in the fight against 'radical' Islam. Cleverly exposing their symbiotic relationship, Thobani writes of how the return of 'religion' has created the racial, gender and sexual politics by which Western society defines itself and more specifically defines itself against Islam. Engaging with leading thinkers and multi-disciplinary ideas, she has written an essential text for students of critical theory, religion, history and politics.

Civilization, Western --- East and West --- Social and Political Philosophy --- Gender and the Middle East (Middle East) --- Philosophy --- Civilization, Oriental --- Occident and Orient --- Orient and Occident --- West and East --- Eastern question --- Islamic civilization --- Islamic influences --- Asian influences --- Oriental influences --- Western influences --- Muslim influences --- Islamic countries --- Western countries --- Muslim countries --- Occident --- West (Western countries) --- Western nations --- Western world --- Developed countries --- Relations --- E-books --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Islam --- Sociology of minorities

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Identity is a construct strongly rooted and still predominantly studied in Western (or WEIRD; Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) contexts (e.g., North American and Western European). Only recently has there been more of a conscious effort to study identity in non-Western (or non-WEIRD) contexts. This edited volume investigates identity from primarily a non-Western perspective by studying non-Western contexts and non-Western, minority, or immigrant groups living in Western contexts. The contributions (a) examine different aspects of identity (e.g., personal identity, social identity, online identity) as either independent or interrelated constructs; (b) consider the associations of these constructs with aspects of intergroup relations, acculturative processes, and/or psychological well-being; (c) document the advancement in research on identity in underrepresented groups, contexts, and regions such as Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and South America; and (d) evaluate different approaches to the study of identity and the implications thereof. This book is intended for cultural or cross-cultural academics, practitioners, educators, social workers, postgraduate students, undergraduate students, and scholars interested in studying identity. It provides insight into how identity in non-Western groups and contexts may both be informed by and may inform Western theoretical perspectives.

Psychology --- Social psychology --- Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- gedrag (mensen) --- psychologie --- sociale psychologie --- interculturele communicatie --- persoonlijkheidsleer --- Ethnicity. --- Community psychology. --- Identitat (Psicologia) --- Orient i Occident

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Le mémoire se subdivise en deux parties. La première partie, plutôt philosophique, cherche à restituer le passage de la modernité à la postmodernité avec le truchement de plusieurs facteurs que sont notamment le désenchantement du monde ou l'accélération sociale. Cette postmodernité crée alors un individu liquide en quête de sens et de bonheur mais elle a aussi métamorphoser les croyances et nos façons de croire. Cet individu incertain et fluctuant se tourne alors vers des religiosités ouvertes plus adaptées à la postmodernité comme l’astrologie ou la réincarnation. 

Mais c’est surtout les spiritualités orientales qui sont prisées. La deuxième partie restitue alors le contexte historique de la venue de ces spiritualités orientales en Occident tout au long des siècles afin de mieux comprendre ce qu’il en est aujourd’hui. Les points d’entrée privilégiés pour comprendre ce phénomène sont, d’un côté le concept japonais d’Ikigai et de l’autre le bouddhisme.

Japon --- Asie orientale --- Spiritualités orientales --- Ikigai --- Postmodernité --- Modernité --- Accélération sociale --- Bouddhisme --- Développement personnel --- Désenchantement du monde --- Métamorphose de Dieu --- Tribalisation --- Occident --- Arts & sciences humaines > Etudes classiques & orientales