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Personalised medicine is the next step in healthcare, especially when applied to genetically diverse diseases such as cancers. Naturally, a host of methods need to evolve alongside this, in order to allow the practice and implementation of individual treatment regimens. One of the major tasks for the development of personalised treatment of cancer is the identification and validation of a comprehensive, robust, and reliable panel of biomarkers that guide the clinicians to provide the best treatment to patients. This is indeed important with regards to radiotherapy; not only do biomarkers allow for the assessment of treatability, tumour response, and the radiosensitivity of healthy tissue of the treated patient. Furthermore, biomarkers should allow for the evaluation of the risks of developing adverse late effects as a result of radiotherapy such as second cancers and non-cancer effects, for example cardiovascular injury and cataract formation. Knowledge of all of these factors would allow for the development of a tailored radiation therapy regime. This Special Issue of the Journal of Personalised Medicine covers the topic of Radiation Response Biomarkers in the context of individualised cancer treatments, and offers an insight into some of the further evolution of radiation response biomarkers, their usefulness in guiding clinicians, and their application in radiation therapy.

carbon-ion radiotherapy --- head-and-neck tumors --- squamous cell carcinoma --- radiosensitivity --- relative biological effectiveness --- lung cancer --- radiotherapy --- radiotherapy monitoring --- radiation-induced lung injury --- RILI --- pneumonitis --- radiation-induced lung fibrosis --- RILF --- circulating biomarkers --- microRNA --- micronuclei --- uterine cervical cancer --- cGAS --- STING --- abscopal effect --- immunotherapy --- PBMCS --- micronucleus assay --- biological dosimetry --- human blood --- genotoxicity tests --- ionizing radiation --- biomarkers --- dicentric assay --- gamma H2AX foci assay --- health surveillance analyses --- clonogenic assays --- methods --- plating --- cancer --- radiation --- head and neck cancer --- exosomes --- serum --- metabolomics --- GC/MS --- biodosimetry --- chromosome aberrations --- normal tissue toxicity --- predictive tests --- normal tissue --- biomarker --- protein --- immune infiltrate --- stroma --- tumour microenvironment --- proteomics --- telomeres --- chromosomal instability --- inversions --- prostate cancer --- IMRT --- machine learning --- individual radiosensitivity --- late effects --- personalized medicine --- liquid biopsy --- circulating tumour cells --- extracellular vesicles --- microRNAs --- immune system --- inflammation --- n/a

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Structural and Functional Analysis of Extracts in Plants collects 1 editorial, 3 reviews, and 26 research articles reporting recent research findings which cover several aspects of plant-derived bioactive compounds, to correlate extraction techniques with the chemical composition of extracts and their bioactivity for identifying molecules that might be used as active substances in a wide variety of areas.This book is a valuable resource for members of the scientific community wishing to further explore plants and the therapeutic applications of their bioactive compounds. It will appeal to scholars, teachers and scientists involved in plant product research, and facilitate the development of innovative new drugs.

hierarchical cluster analysis --- principal component analysis --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- triterpenic acid --- Ziziphus jujuba --- water-pepper --- FRAP --- DPPH --- polarity-based solvent extraction --- α-amylase inhibition --- circular economy --- green biorefinery --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- phytochemicals --- amino acids --- food and feed --- UHPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP-MS/MS --- Bergenia emeiensis --- polysaccharides --- optimization --- RSM --- acrylamide-induced damage --- Sorbus commixta fruit --- anti-melanoma activity --- caspase-3 --- polyphenolic compounds --- depression --- antioxidant --- cytokines --- anti-inflammatory --- cytotoxicity --- medicinal mushroom --- Psilocybe natalensis --- coak oak --- chlorophyll --- terpenes --- lupeol --- cuticular permeance --- Suaeda vermiculata --- halophyte --- aqueous-ethanolic extract --- liver toxicity --- hepatoprotective --- liver disorders --- mass spectrometry --- LC-MS --- HepG-2 --- HepG-2/ADR --- zebrafish --- toxicity --- embryotoxicity --- medicinal plant --- animal model --- Crocus sativus --- in vivo --- carrageenan --- analgesic --- antidepressant --- anticoagulant --- adipogenesis --- AMPK --- anti-obesity --- triglycerides --- UCP1 --- Anacardiaceae --- design of experiments (DOEs) --- flavonoids --- green extraction --- HPLC-DAD --- LC-MS/MS --- tannins --- ultrasound assisted-extraction (UAE) --- compact mass spectrometry --- cleansing properties --- detergent plants --- phytochemical --- tissue culture --- Arbutus pavarii --- antibacterial activity --- MRSA --- time–kill curves --- ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography --- mass spectrometry (UHPLC- ESI-MS/MS) --- Trigonella stellata --- caffeic acid --- osteoporosis --- osteoblast --- osteoclast --- BMP --- Euphorbia cuneata --- Euphorbiaceae --- lipopolysaccharide --- oxidative stress --- NF-κB --- lung injury --- pachycereus weberi --- escontria chiotilla --- antioxidant activity --- phenolic compounds --- betalains --- food composition --- food analysis --- Scrophularia buergeriana --- S. koraiensis --- S. takesimensis --- harpagoside --- osteoclast differentiation --- RANKL --- Araucaria angustifolia --- bioactive compounds --- cysteine protease inhibitor --- functional food --- insecticide --- plant extracts --- termites --- tumor cells --- pine nuts --- urban pest --- polyphenols --- fruit development --- natural food colorant --- Sambucus canadensis --- Japanese knotweed --- Reynoutria --- Polygonum --- Polygonaceae --- anthraquinones --- emodin --- physcion --- HPTLC --- HPTLC-MS --- densitometry --- carrot juices --- carotenoids --- high-speed juicer --- low-speed juicer --- food processing --- extraction --- glucosinolates --- kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) --- phenolics --- candelilla plant --- antioxidant properties --- antimicrobial activity --- candelilla cultivation --- candelilla wax --- polysterols --- saponins --- therapeutic properties --- sage --- stirring and heating extraction --- mechanochemical extraction --- antiproliferative activity --- mutagenicity --- anticoagulant activity --- Rosmarinus officinalis --- hydroalcoholic extract --- Sam-Myo-Whan --- traditional medicine --- gouty arthritis --- inflammation --- monosodium urate --- Underutilized Mexican plants --- Cactus fruits --- Antioxidant activities --- Antiproliferative properties --- n/a --- time-kill curves