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Globalization and information and communications technology (ICT) have played a pivotal role in revolutionizing value creation through the development of human capital formation. The constantly changing needs and structure of the labour market are primarily responsible for the conversion of a traditional economy relying fundamentally on the application of physical abilities to a knowledge-based economy relying on ideas, technologies and innovations. In this economy, knowledge has to be created, acquired, developed, transmitted, preserved and utilized for the improvement of individual and social welfare. Comparative Advantage in the Knowledge Economy: A National and Organizational Resource provides a comprehensive and insightful understanding of all the dimensions of a transition from a traditional to a knowledge economy. It attempts to explain how educational achievement, skilled manpower, investment in knowledge capital and analytics will be the key to success of a nation's comparative advantage in the globalized era. The volume should be of interest to students, researchers and teachers of economics, policy makers and advanced graduate students with an interest in economic analyses and development policy.

Knowledge economy. --- Comparative advantage (International trade)

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As part of the World Bank's analytical support program in Russia, the team has been working with their Russian counterparts on collecting and analyzing data in order to gather evidence to inform coherent policies and strategies for creating modern schools and for promoting 21st-century teaching and learning in Russia. Both goals are being pursued through a series of national projects aimed at: (i) modernizing teaching and learning; (ii) putting Russia in the top 10 countries in terms of scores on international assessments; and (iii) expanding school infrastructure to ensure full-day schooling throughout the country. This new report presents a rigorous analysis of the data collected as part of the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) in 2019 complemented by data on Russia from the OECD's School User Survey (SUS), which was also fielded in 2019. The team added the SUS to the study as part of its collaboration with its Russian counterparts. The total sample represents all general education systems in the Russian Federation. This report also includes data from Information and Communication (IC) Literacy Test7 conducted in 2020 combined with the SUS. The two datasets are not related but both cover 21st-century skills and Russian students. This report analyzes the various 21st-century skills that it was possible to analyze using data from the TIMSS and IC Literacy Test. The analysis provides descriptive statistics related to the learning environments and teaching practices in Russia and draws some correlations between learning environment variables and learning outcomes. Furthermore, the study shows how different teaching styles affect student learning in the mathematics, science, and cognitive (reasoning and applying) domains of TIMSS. The team also analyzed the wellbeing construct included in TIMSS 2019. They found that the cognitive domains of reasoning and applying were well aligned with the 21st-century skills that can be measured directly by TIMSS. This study also attempts to use self-reported data from TIMSS student and teacher questionnaires and construct measures to stimulate teaching and learning activities related to 21st-century skills development. The study also assesses the impact of such measures on student performance across subject and cognitive domains. In exploring IC literacy and ICT technology in schools, the report analyzes key characteristics of the school environment, the use of ICT in schools, the use of technology by teachers with different mindsets towards modern education, and students' performance on the IC Literacy Test with an analysis of the context of the questions.

Digital Divide --- Education --- Education for the Knowledge Economy --- Educational Institutions and Facilities --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Information Technology

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Early Modern Knowledge Societies as Affective Economies researches the development of knowledge economies in Early Modern Europe. Starting with the Southern and Northern Netherlands as important early hubs for marketing knowledge, it analyzes knowledge economies in the dynamics of a globalizing world. Introducing the reader to different perspectives on how knowledge markets operated from both an economic and cultural perspective, this book will be of great use to students, graduates and scholars of early modern history, economic history, the history of emotions, and the history of the Low Countries.

Knowledge economy --- Economics --- Emotions --- History. --- Sociological aspects. --- Economic aspects --- Feelings --- Human emotions --- Passions --- Psychology --- Affect (Psychology) --- Affective neuroscience --- Apathy --- Pathognomy --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Economy of knowledge --- Information economy --- KBE (Knowledge-based economy) --- Knowledge-based economy --- History of civilization --- History of Europe --- anno 1500-1599 --- anno 1600-1699 --- History --- Sociological aspects --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- Intellectual life

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The economy of the Central African Republic (CAR) decelerated in 2020 compared to 2019. Despite a relatively contained health impact, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on the country's economy, with the disruption in global value chains, low external demand, and domestic containment measures that significantly affected trade, transport, and tourism. Nevertheless, CAR's GDP growth of 0.8 percent has outpaced the average of regional peers (-2.9 percent) and countries affected by fragility, conflict and violence (FCV) (-1.7 percent). On the supply side, the positive dynamic of the agriculture sector prevented the economy from entering a recession, and the forestry and telecommunications sectors were more resilient than expected. On the demand side, private consumption contracted in 2020, reflecting a decline in household income owing to the pandemic. As a result, the extreme poverty rate increased from 70.7 percent in 2019 to 71.4 percent, affecting a total of more than 3.4 million people, in 2020. CAR's current account balance (CAD) deteriorated in 2020. The current account deficit widened from 4.8 percent of GDP in 2019 to 8.7 percent of GDP in 2020, driven by weak external demand and private transfers as well as an increased deficit of the balance on goods. With the COVID-19 pandemic, goods exports declined while non-oil imports were boosted by donor-funded investments. CAR's current account deficit is not expected to be as severe as that of comparator FCV, CEMAC, and Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The capital account balance improved significantly in 2020 due to the rise in external grants, while the financial account surplus shifted into a deficit. The improvement in the capital account has helped narrow the balance of payments deficit and increasing foreign reserves, which reached a level equivalent to about 3.5 months imports at end-2020.

Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies --- Coronavirus --- COVID-19 --- Disease Control and Prevention --- Economic Growth --- Education --- Education for the Knowledge Economy --- Fiscal and Monetary Policy --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Inequality --- Labor Market --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Monetary Policy --- Poverty Reduction --- Public Service Delivery --- Public Spending --- Social Protections and Labor

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"Based on fieldwork at three distinct sites in Washington, DC, this book finds that the persistent problem of poverty is often framed as a problem of technology"--

Social problems --- Labour market --- Computer. Automation --- United States --- Computer literacy --- Technology and state --- Poverty --- Knowledge economy --- Digital divide --- Social aspects --- Divide, Digital --- GDD (Global digital divide) --- Global digital divide --- Information society --- Economy of knowledge --- Information economy --- KBE (Knowledge-based economy) --- Knowledge-based economy --- Economics --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- State and technology --- Technology --- Endowment of research --- Science and state --- Digital literacy --- Literacy, Computer --- Technological literacy --- Government policy --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Technology & Policy --- United States of America