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This volume introduces an important concept which hitherto has not gotten the recognition it deserves. The concept simul, the idea of a both-and in theology, is primarily associated with the Lutheran understanding of justification. The formula simul iustus et peccator is a shorthand for the nucleus and heart of the Reformation. But the concept, which implies a tension or even a paradox, appears to play a significant role in other areas of theological reflection. This volume highlights a number of areas in which this idea historically has played an important role, as well as its potential in the contemporary conversation. The aim of the work is to provide an informed and readable introduction to the simul concept in various areas of systematical theology and Biblical exegesis.

Justification (Christian theology) --- Biblical teaching

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La matière pénale connaît les faits justificatifs tels que la légitime défense ou l'état de nécessité, lesquels permettent au juge d'écarter la responsabilité pénale d'un auteur d'infraction. S'il est traditionnellement admis que la justification ne peut être prévue que par la loi, l'évolution de la jurisprudence conduit à s'interroger. Le juge a en effet la possibilité de relaxer un auteur d'infraction en s'appuyant sur une liberté fondamentale telle que la liberté d'expression. Bien que la doctrine rattache cette dernière hypothèse à la justification, il semble en réalité s'agir d'un mécanisme distinct. La relaxe fondée sur une liberté fondamentale met en lumière le caractère injustifié de la répression, et non le caractère justifié de l'infraction. Il existe donc une dualité de mécanismes permettant de reconnaître la légitimité d'une infraction : la légitimation-justification est fondée sur l'utilité sociale de l'infraction, tandis que la légitimation-liberté est fondée sur une liberté fondamentale. L'illégitimité peut alors être envisagée comme la composante de rattachement de ces mécanismes de légitimation dans le système de la responsabilité pénale.

Infractions. --- Responsabilité pénale. --- Justification (droit). --- Responsabilité pénale. --- Justification (droit) --- Criminal liability --- Responsabilité pénale --- Justification (Law) --- Justification (Droit) --- Necessity (Law) --- Nécessité(Droit) --- Self-defense (Law) --- Légitime défense --- Criminal procedure --- Procédure pénale --- Nécessité (Droit) --- Contraventions (Criminal law) --- Contraventions (Droit pénal) --- Infractions --- Libre arbitre --- France. --- Responsabilité pénale --- France

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"Dietrich Bonhoeffer's sensitivity to the anthropological and ethical contours of theology has captured the imaginations of Christians around the globe. In this volume, Koert Verhagen provides one of the first in-depth treatments of the doctrine of justification as the theological framework within which Bonhoeffer understands human being and action, and its ethical implications for the Church today. Drawing on his early academic theology and his later ethics of discipleship, Verhagen argues that Bonhoeffer's emphasis on the social implications of justification leads to an understanding of human existence that is fundamentally relational. Along the way, he draws Bonhoeffer's thinking on this front into conversation with Luther, German idealism, the Nazi Weltanschauung, and contemporary Pauline scholarship. With an eye to the contemporary, practical value of Bonhoeffer's theology, Verhagen concludes by making the case that the retrieval of justification's social implications provides a critical corrective to ecclesial responses to white supremacy"--

Justification (Christian theology) --- Theological anthropology --- Christian ethics --- Lutheran Church --- Church and social problems --- Lutheran authors --- Doctrines --- Bonhoeffer, Dietrich

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The right of States to use force extraterritorially is conditioned by requirements of necessity and proportionality. This book provides a detailed analysis of those requirements, and a coherent and up-to-date account of the applicable contemporary international law in this field.

Self-defense (International law) --- War (International law) --- Proportionality in law. --- Necessity (Law) --- State of necessity --- Assistance in emergencies --- Criminal liability --- Duress (Law) --- Justification (Law) --- Liability (Law) --- Self-defense (Law) --- Self-help (Law) --- Law --- Hostilities --- International law --- Neutrality

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"Martin Luther inspired strong emotions not only in his religious and political opponents, but also in those who knew him. People either loved or hated him, and even today he can elicit intense emotional reactions. Always a controversial figure, his influence is nonetheless pervasive, particularly in Germany where he has left an indelible imprint on the culture, musical, linguistic, material, and visual. This book reflects on the way Martin Luther carefully crafted an image of himself, how others portrayed him for their own purposes (both during his life and after), and the ongoing legacy of these images. Though Luther had a magnetic quality both in life and in death, Roper does not shy away from discussing and grappling with his less savory side. Luther was highly aggressive and could be foul-mouthed, especially when speaking of his enemies. He was virulently anti-Semitic and he tended toward misogyny, even for a man of his time. Moving nimbly from analysis of Luther's portraits to his dreams, his anti-Pope propaganda, and even the Playmobil Luther figures of today, Roper presents new sides of this complicated man made more complicated by his followers and detractors"--

Luther, Martin, --- 95 Theses. --- Antinomian controversy. --- Council of Trent. --- Diet of Worms. --- Edict of Worms. --- Exsurge Domine. --- Here I stand. --- Hier stehe ich. --- Jan Hus. --- Johann Eck. --- Lutheran Church. --- Lutheran history. --- Lutheran theology. --- Ninety-five Theses. --- Pope Leo X. --- Protestant Reformation. --- Protestantism. --- Wittenberg. --- bigamy of Philip I. --- cultural studies. --- doctrine of justification. --- dream analysis. --- excommunication. --- faith alone. --- gender. --- history of Protestantism. --- history of religion. --- justification. --- papal bull. --- recant. --- reformation. --- religion. --- sexuality.