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Skin phototoxicity (photoirritation) is defined as an acute toxic response elicited by topically or systemically administered photoreactive chemicals after the exposure of the skin to environmental light. The in vitro reconstructed human epidermis phototoxicity test (RhE PT) is used to identify the phototoxic potential of a test chemical after topical application in reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) tissues in the presence and absence of simulated sunlight. Phototoxicity potential is evaluated by the relative reduction in viability of cells exposed to the test chemical in the presence as compared to the absence of simulated sunlight. Chemicals identified as positive in this test may be phototoxic in vivo following topical application to the skin, eyes, and other external light-exposed epithelia.

Toxicity testing --- In vitro.

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Whilst assisted reproduction techniques (ART) have become increasingly successful and largely standardized, there is still only a partial understanding of what constitutes a 'true' embryo environment. Replicating the varying physiological conditions of the in-vivo environment that the embryo travels through in the in-vitro culture is still a major challenge in ART. This practical volume details how to organize and operate an IVF laboratory in order to mimic these conditions for successful embryo culture. Environments and equipment that are essential for running safe and efficient facilities such as maintaining good air quality and hygiene protocols, and utilizing an effective layout are covered in detail. Other chapters discuss the different consumables needed, optimal handling techniques and parameter monitoring systems, as well as recent advances in the area including artificial intelligence and automation. This is an indispensable guide to understanding the background science of culturing embryos, crucial to successful outcomes in ART.

Fertilization in vitro, Human.

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Après un parcours de PMA long et sinueux, Karine Degunst et son époux sont enfin d'heureux parents ! Mais les années passent et des dizaines de biberons et de nuits blanches plus tard, une nouvelle idée germe de leurs têtes : et si on remettait le couvert, malgré tout ? Karine Degunst souhaite à nouveau plus que tout être enceinte. Même si elle doit passer par la PMA, comme pour son premier enfant. Même si elle sait ce que cela signifie : espoirs, doutes, couple en péril. Karine pensait tout connaître de la médecine reproductive… Et pourtant… La première fois, c'était facile finalement. Là, tout est plus complexe. Voyage au pays de l'aliénation, elle nous livre une version non édulcorée de la PMA et de la grossesse, jalonnée d'humour, piquée d'humeur et d'interrogations sociétales.

Reproductive Techniques, Assisted --- Fertilization in Vitro --- Reproductive Medicine --- Pregnancy

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Fertilization in vitro, Human --- Human reproductive technology --- Law and legislation

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Embryo --- embryon --- embrione --- in-Vitro-Fertilisation --- fécondation in vitro --- fecondazione in vitro --- Rechtsnatur --- nature juridique --- natura giuridica --- Rechtsgeschichte --- histoire du droit --- storia del diritto --- Rechtsphilosophie --- philosophie du droit --- filosofia del diritto --- Vertrag. --- contrat. --- contratto. --- Enfant à naître (droit) --- Fécondation in vitro --- Droit international --- Droit européen --- Droit --- Histoire --- Philosophie --- Schweiz --- Suisse(État) --- Svizzera(Stato) --- Suisse