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The evolution and need for the preservation and maintenance of existing structures, recent or historical, has fostered research in the area of structural monitoring, translated into the development of new techniques, equipment and sensors. Early detection of damage and accurate assessment of structural safety requires monitoring systems, the data from which can be used to calibrate numerical models for structural analysis and to assess safety. Data are obtained under real-time conditions, considering a group of parameters related to structural properties, such as stresses, accelerations, deformations and displacements. The analysis of structural properties is particularly relevant when the structure is subjected to extreme events (earthquakes, wind, fire and explosions, among others) or repeated loads (road/rail/air traffic, vibrations induced by equipment and machines), since they affect the structural integrity and put the users at risk. In order to prevent the severe damage and eventual collapse of structures, and consequent human, material and economic losses, the implementation of monitoring systems becomes a valuable tool for today's society. Monitoring of structures is becoming increasingly important, not only as preventive action, but also due to actual economic and sustainability concerns, to ensure a safer and more comfortable built environment.

History of engineering & technology --- image-based measurement --- crack measurement --- shear cracks --- flexural cracks --- damage index --- nuclear power plant --- visual inspection --- photometric stereo --- 3D reconstruction --- rotating stall --- non-synchronous blade vibration --- blade tip timing --- centrifugal compressor --- distributed measurements --- fiber optic sensors --- scour --- soil-structure interaction --- winkler model --- equivalent length --- corrosion sensor --- oil and gas pipelines --- optical fibers --- Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) --- distributed optical fiber strain sensing cable --- Brillouin scattering --- Rayleigh scattering --- strain sensing cable characterization --- elasto-plastic behavior --- strain sensitivity coefficients --- bridge damage detection --- fiber optic gyroscope --- deep learning --- convolutional neural network --- Fiber Bragg grating --- fiber optic sensors embedded in concrete --- strain measurement --- monitoring --- cracking --- weldable fiber optic sensors --- optical fiber sensors --- material extrusion --- hybrid processes --- temperature and strain monitoring --- similarity measure --- subway tunnel --- distributed vibration --- feature extraction --- autoencoder --- ultra-weak FBG --- hyperspectral imaging --- spectral indices --- random forest --- growth stage --- Fusarium head blight --- structural health monitoring --- load localization --- load estimation --- depth sensor --- artificial neural networks --- castigliano’s theorem --- crack detection --- crack opening --- distributed fiber optic sensors --- DIC --- UHPFRC --- testing --- SHM --- microcracking --- PAD --- environmental monitoring --- colorimetric detection --- water --- atmosphere

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The evolution and need for the preservation and maintenance of existing structures, recent or historical, has fostered research in the area of structural monitoring, translated into the development of new techniques, equipment and sensors. Early detection of damage and accurate assessment of structural safety requires monitoring systems, the data from which can be used to calibrate numerical models for structural analysis and to assess safety. Data are obtained under real-time conditions, considering a group of parameters related to structural properties, such as stresses, accelerations, deformations and displacements. The analysis of structural properties is particularly relevant when the structure is subjected to extreme events (earthquakes, wind, fire and explosions, among others) or repeated loads (road/rail/air traffic, vibrations induced by equipment and machines), since they affect the structural integrity and put the users at risk. In order to prevent the severe damage and eventual collapse of structures, and consequent human, material and economic losses, the implementation of monitoring systems becomes a valuable tool for today's society. Monitoring of structures is becoming increasingly important, not only as preventive action, but also due to actual economic and sustainability concerns, to ensure a safer and more comfortable built environment.

History of engineering & technology --- image-based measurement --- crack measurement --- shear cracks --- flexural cracks --- damage index --- nuclear power plant --- visual inspection --- photometric stereo --- 3D reconstruction --- rotating stall --- non-synchronous blade vibration --- blade tip timing --- centrifugal compressor --- distributed measurements --- fiber optic sensors --- scour --- soil-structure interaction --- winkler model --- equivalent length --- corrosion sensor --- oil and gas pipelines --- optical fibers --- Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) --- distributed optical fiber strain sensing cable --- Brillouin scattering --- Rayleigh scattering --- strain sensing cable characterization --- elasto-plastic behavior --- strain sensitivity coefficients --- bridge damage detection --- fiber optic gyroscope --- deep learning --- convolutional neural network --- Fiber Bragg grating --- fiber optic sensors embedded in concrete --- strain measurement --- monitoring --- cracking --- weldable fiber optic sensors --- optical fiber sensors --- material extrusion --- hybrid processes --- temperature and strain monitoring --- similarity measure --- subway tunnel --- distributed vibration --- feature extraction --- autoencoder --- ultra-weak FBG --- hyperspectral imaging --- spectral indices --- random forest --- growth stage --- Fusarium head blight --- structural health monitoring --- load localization --- load estimation --- depth sensor --- artificial neural networks --- castigliano’s theorem --- crack detection --- crack opening --- distributed fiber optic sensors --- DIC --- UHPFRC --- testing --- SHM --- microcracking --- PAD --- environmental monitoring --- colorimetric detection --- water --- atmosphere

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The optical fiber industry is emerging from the market for selling simple accessories using optical fiber to the new optical-IT convergence sensor market combined with high value-added smart industries such as the bio industry. Among them, fiber optic sensors and fiber lasers are growing faster and more accurately by utilizing fiber optics in various fields such as shipbuilding, construction, energy, military, railway, security, and medical.This Special Issue aims to present novel and innovative applications of sensors and devices based on fiber optic sensors and fiber lasers, and covers a wide range of applications of optical sensors. In this Special Issue, original research articles, as well as reviews, have been published.

Research & information: general --- optical microfiber coupler --- graphene --- fiber laser --- filter --- wavelength-swept laser --- cholesteric liquid crystal --- bandpass filter --- spectral reflectance --- airway management --- endotracheal tube placement --- tissue detection --- tracheal tissue --- esophageal tissue --- intubation --- endotracheal tube misplacement --- weak fiber Bragg gratings --- distributed fiber optic sensor --- phi-OTDR --- nitrate sensing --- optical fibre --- PEDOT --- conducting polymer --- 2H–TaSe2 nano-materials --- metallic band structure --- saturable absorber --- dual-wavelength --- red palm weevil --- fiber optic acoustic sensing --- machine learning --- few-mode fiber --- fiber optic sensors --- Brillouin scattering --- distributed measurement --- fiber lasers --- semiconductor optical amplifier --- dynamic measurement --- dynamic optical fiber sensors --- ultrafast fiber laser --- low-dimensional materials --- optically/electrically controlled fiber lasers

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The aim of this book is to collect the newest contributions by eminent authors in the field of NDT-SHM, both at the material and structure scale. It therefore provides novel insight at experimental and numerical levels on the application of NDT to a wide variety of materials (concrete, steel, masonry, composites, etc.) in the field of Civil Engineering and Architecture.

pulsed eddy current --- ferromagnetic sample --- conductivity --- permeability --- non-destructive test --- impact-echo method --- tunnel void --- experimental model --- numerical simulation --- signal analysis --- transfer learning --- spectrogram analysis --- selecting samples --- non-destructive testing --- hammering sound --- regression algorithm --- Lamb wave --- microcracks testing --- multi-channel detection --- signal-to-noise ratio --- thin-walled tube --- damage detection --- cepstral analysis --- Structural Health Monitoring --- Machine Learning --- Teager-Kaiser Energy --- gammatone filter --- acoustic emission --- melting ice --- aviation --- fuel system --- acoustoelastic effect --- stress estimation --- surface waves --- weak anisotropy material --- damage assessment --- smart sensor --- magnetoelastic strip --- 3D printing --- additive manufacturing --- stress-strain relation --- nondestructive testing --- optical-radiation --- photoacoustic --- photothermal --- acoustic energy --- acoustic counts --- CFRP --- single lap joint --- joggled lap joints --- fractography --- classical acoustic nonlinearity --- constitutive behavior --- ultrasonic testing --- existing buildings --- seismic vulnerability assessment --- non-invasive experimental technics --- BIM models --- non-destructive techniques (NDT) --- historical buildings --- maintenance --- stone columns --- ultrasonic test --- impact test --- concrete --- impact-echo --- elastic wave --- SIBIE --- 3D visualization --- accelerometer --- laser doppler vibrometer --- remote sensing --- reinforced concrete --- four-point bending test --- structural health monitoring --- nondestructive testing techniques --- fiber optic sensors --- acoustic emission monitoring --- digital image correlation