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The aim of this thesis is to analyse the environmental impacts of transporting goods using different "traditional" means of transport, i.e., thermal vans and small trucks for the delivery of goods, and different types of cars for the collection of parcels by individuals. These vehicles will then be compared with more recent electric means of transport, namely cargo bikes and vans.
The first step of this thesis consists of a literature review to identify the most appropriate method to assess the harmful emissions related to the daily activities of a company. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was identified as such and was then used, once the most suitable software had been chosen. Two software packages, SimaPro and GaBi, were used, each with different features and offering a more in-depth analysis. A quick carbon footprint was also carried
out, limited to the CO2 emissions.
Secondly, an economic dimension was added by carrying out a cost analysis, for electric vehicles only, based on information collected from the transport partners of the City Line project, an urban logistics project for the "green" delivery of parcels in the city via electric vehicles.
The results of the two analyses, economic and environmental, were then compared to provide an
overview of the benefits of cargo bikes and electric vans.
The last step is the conclusion, offering possible solutions but also setting out the limits of the study
and proposing ideas for future research.

supply chain --- environmental impacts --- logistique --- cost price --- electric vehicles --- electric bikes --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Production, distribution & gestion de la chaîne logistique

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This Special Issue on “LCA of Energy Systems” contains inspiring contributions on assessing the sustainability of novel technologies destined to shape the future of our energy sector. These include battery-based and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, geothermal energy, hydropower, biomass gasification, national electricity systems, and waste incineration. The analysis of trends and singularities will be invaluable to product designers, engineers, and policy makers. Furthermore, these exercises also contribute to refining the life cycle framework and harmonizing methodological decisions. Our hope is that this should be a step toward promoting the use of science and knowledge to shape a better world for everyone.

Research & information: general --- life cycle assessment --- battery electric vehicle (BEV) --- plug-in electric vehicle --- energy --- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions --- thermodynamic modeling --- exergy --- e-waste --- secondary copper smelting --- precious metal recovery --- printed circuit board --- coalbed methane development --- risk assessment --- structural entropy weight method --- matter-element extension method --- LCA --- Spain --- renewables --- electricity --- sustainability --- carbon footprint --- employment --- LCOE --- CHP --- biomass --- gasification --- SOFC --- allocation --- multifunctionality --- geothermal energy --- flash technology --- Bagnore power plant --- pedigree matrix --- carbon dioxide capture --- activated carbon --- environmental impacts --- IGCC --- carbon capture economy --- stirling cycle-based heat pump --- gas/oil-fired boilers --- SimaPro --- eco-indicator 99 --- life cycle impact assessment --- distance-to-target weighting --- ecological scarcity --- renewable electricity and heat generation --- decentralized energy system

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Energy storage currently plays an important role in the electricity systems. Innovative energy storage solutions will play an important role in ensuring the integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grids in the European Union. Pumped storage hydropower systems are the most mature technology of energy storage and account for over 90% of installed energy storage capacity worldwide. However, PSH technology is constrained by topography and land availability in flat areas. In addition, PSH plants are controversial due to their impacts on landscape, land use and the environment. Conversely, underground energy storage systems may be an interesting alternative to increase the energy storage capacity with low environmental impacts. To help address and resolve these types of questions, this book is comprised of eleven chapters that explore new ways of energy storage reducing the environmental impacts caused by the installation of conventional energy storage systems, as well as to increase the energy storage capacity and promote the use of disused underground space, such as abandoned mines and quarries. The chapters included in this book cover a wide spectrum of issues related to underground energy storage systems. Advances in underground pumped storage hydropower, compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy storage systems are presented. Finally, we would like to thank both the MDPI publishing and editorial staff for their excellent work and support, as well as the authors who collaborated with your interesting research works.

energy storage --- underground pumped storage --- economic feasibility --- ancillary services --- day-ahead market --- underground space --- mining structures --- underground reservoir --- empirical analysis --- numerical modelling --- hydropower plants --- hydrogen --- underground storage --- leakage --- monitoring --- protocol --- helium --- aquifer --- renewable energy --- hydropower --- mine --- groundwater --- environmental impacts --- efficiency --- wind energy --- photovoltaics --- wind curtailment --- mesoscale atmospheric model --- hydro-pumped storage --- abandoned mines --- underground reservoirs --- CAES --- analytical modelling --- sealing layer --- environmental impact --- hydrogen storage --- sealing liners --- Liner Rock Caverns --- epoxy resin --- hydrogen permeability --- exergy --- salt caverns --- pumped storage hydropower --- energy storage system --- quarry --- open pit --- hydrochemistry --- n/a

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This Special Issue on “LCA of Energy Systems” contains inspiring contributions on assessing the sustainability of novel technologies destined to shape the future of our energy sector. These include battery-based and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, geothermal energy, hydropower, biomass gasification, national electricity systems, and waste incineration. The analysis of trends and singularities will be invaluable to product designers, engineers, and policy makers. Furthermore, these exercises also contribute to refining the life cycle framework and harmonizing methodological decisions. Our hope is that this should be a step toward promoting the use of science and knowledge to shape a better world for everyone.

Research & information: general --- life cycle assessment --- battery electric vehicle (BEV) --- plug-in electric vehicle --- energy --- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions --- thermodynamic modeling --- exergy --- e-waste --- secondary copper smelting --- precious metal recovery --- printed circuit board --- coalbed methane development --- risk assessment --- structural entropy weight method --- matter-element extension method --- LCA --- Spain --- renewables --- electricity --- sustainability --- carbon footprint --- employment --- LCOE --- CHP --- biomass --- gasification --- SOFC --- allocation --- multifunctionality --- geothermal energy --- flash technology --- Bagnore power plant --- pedigree matrix --- carbon dioxide capture --- activated carbon --- environmental impacts --- IGCC --- carbon capture economy --- stirling cycle-based heat pump --- gas/oil-fired boilers --- SimaPro --- eco-indicator 99 --- life cycle impact assessment --- distance-to-target weighting --- ecological scarcity --- renewable electricity and heat generation --- decentralized energy system

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The transition towards renewable energy sources and “green” technologies for energy generation and storage is expected to mitigate the climate emergency in the coming years. However, in many cases, this progress has been hampered by our dependency on critical materials or other resources that are often processed at high environmental burdens. Yet, many studies have shown that environmental and energy issues are strictly interconnected and require a comprehensive understanding of resource management strategies and their implications. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is among the most inclusive analytical techniques to analyze sustainability benefits and trade-offs within complex systems and, in this Special Issue, it is applied to assess the mutual influences of environmental and energy dimensions. The selection of original articles, reviews, and case studies addressed covers some of the main driving applications for energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions, including power generation, bioenergy, biorefinery, building, and transportation. An insightful perspective on the current topics and technologies, and emerging research needs, is provided. Alone or in combination with integrative methodologies, LCA can be of pivotal importance and constitute the scientific foundation on which a full system understanding can be reached.

Research & information: general --- life cycle assessment --- harmonization --- photovoltaic --- perovskite solar cell --- manufacturing process --- environmental impact --- greenhouse gas --- gasification --- swine manure management --- ground-source heat pumps --- space conditioning --- environmental sustainability --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- phase-change material (PCM) --- CED --- Eco-indicator 99 --- IPCC --- LCA --- photovoltaics panels --- recycling --- landfill --- embodied energy --- embodied carbon --- life-cycle embodied performance --- metropolitan area --- in-city --- transport energy intensity --- well to wheel --- material structure --- photovoltaics --- waste management --- EROI --- net energy --- energy scenario --- energy transition --- electricity --- grid mix --- storage --- decarbonization --- biofuel policy --- GHG mitigation --- energy security --- indirect land use change --- carbon dioxide capture --- activated carbon --- environmental impacts --- Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) --- Material Flow Analysis (MFA) --- Criticality --- traction batteries --- forecast --- supply --- exergy --- sustainability --- review --- bioenergy --- geographic information system (GIS) --- harvesting residues --- energy metrics --- PHAs --- bio-based polymers --- biodegradable plastics --- pyrolysis --- volatile fatty acids --- phase change materials --- PCM --- thermal energy storage --- Storage LCA Tool --- Speicher LCA --- n/a