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Lectines --- Sistema immunitari --- Terapèutica --- Sistema immunològic --- Anatomia --- Immunologia --- Cèl·lules immunocompetents --- Medul·la òssia --- Sistema limfàtic --- Teràpia --- Tractament (Medicina) --- Tractament de les malalties --- Medicina clínica --- Al·lopatia (Terapèutica) --- Antipirètics --- Cateterisme --- Dietoteràpia --- Fisioteràpia --- Fórmules magistrals --- Hormonoteràpia --- Immunoteràpia --- Injeccions intraarticulars --- Intubació --- Ioga --- Logopèdia --- Medicina alternativa --- Nutrició --- Quimioteràpia --- Radiologia intervencionista --- Terapèutica dental --- Terapèutica fisiològica --- Teràpia genètica --- Teràpia intravenosa --- Teràpia respiratòria --- Terapèutica veterinària --- Tractament pal·liatiu --- Ús terapèutic --- Lectina --- Lectins --- Immunoglobulines --- Natural immunity. --- Disease resistance --- Host resistance --- Innate immunity --- Innate resistance --- Native immunity --- Natural resistance --- Nonspecific immunity --- Resistance to disease --- Immunity

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This book provides new and in-depth insights into molecular aspects of plant cell signaling in response to biotic, such as aphid- and grey mold disease-resistance, and abiotic stresses, such as soil salinity and drought stress, and additionally, functional analysis on signaling components involved in flowering, juvenility, GA signaling, and biosynthesis, and miRNA-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, plant acclimation was reported, with emphasis on mechanistic insights into the roles of brassinosteroids, cyclic AMP, and hydrogen sulfide, and the recent advances of transmembrane receptor-like kinases were refined. Clearly, plant cell signaling is an intensive topic and whether it is now or in the future, the emerging technology in functional analysis such as genome editing technologies, high-throughput technologies, integrative multiple-omics as well as bioinformatics can assist researchers to reveal novel aspects of the regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and development, and acclimation to environmental and biotic stresses. The achievement of such research will be useful in improving crop stress tolerances to increase agricultural productivity and sustainability for the food supply of the world.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- salinity --- selenium (Se) --- crops --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- enzymatic anti-oxidative system --- drought --- GA --- DELLA --- ABF2 --- protein-protein interaction --- Arabidopsis --- endocytosis --- microRNAs --- miPEPs --- peptides --- development --- kinase --- receptor --- stress --- tobacco --- calcium --- calcite --- reactive oxygen species --- ion channels --- cellular signalization --- brassinosteroids --- receptor-like kinases --- GSK3-like kinases --- somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases --- protein phosphatases --- Malus domestica --- Rosaceae --- juvenility --- FLOWERING LOCUS C --- flowering --- Hydrogen sulfide --- S-sulfhydration --- plant hormone --- gasotransmitter --- disease resistance --- plant defense --- herbivore --- phytohormone --- plant biotic stress --- plant signalling --- Medicago truncatula --- abiotic stress --- cAMP --- cyclic nucleotides-gated channels --- plant innate immunity --- Botrytis cinerea --- tomato --- iprodione --- mutant --- transcriptome analysis --- metabolism --- catalytic activity --- dwarfism --- gene cloning --- MNP1 --- CPS --- ABA signaling --- brassinosteroid signaling cascade --- drought tolerance --- priming --- stress adaptation --- stress memory --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- DELLA/TVHYNP --- Dwarf --- GA20OX2 --- GA signaling --- salinity --- selenium (Se) --- crops --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- enzymatic anti-oxidative system --- drought --- GA --- DELLA --- ABF2 --- protein-protein interaction --- Arabidopsis --- endocytosis --- microRNAs --- miPEPs --- peptides --- development --- kinase --- receptor --- stress --- tobacco --- calcium --- calcite --- reactive oxygen species --- ion channels --- cellular signalization --- brassinosteroids --- receptor-like kinases --- GSK3-like kinases --- somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases --- protein phosphatases --- Malus domestica --- Rosaceae --- juvenility --- FLOWERING LOCUS C --- flowering --- Hydrogen sulfide --- S-sulfhydration --- plant hormone --- gasotransmitter --- disease resistance --- plant defense --- herbivore --- phytohormone --- plant biotic stress --- plant signalling --- Medicago truncatula --- abiotic stress --- cAMP --- cyclic nucleotides-gated channels --- plant innate immunity --- Botrytis cinerea --- tomato --- iprodione --- mutant --- transcriptome analysis --- metabolism --- catalytic activity --- dwarfism --- gene cloning --- MNP1 --- CPS --- ABA signaling --- brassinosteroid signaling cascade --- drought tolerance --- priming --- stress adaptation --- stress memory --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- DELLA/TVHYNP --- Dwarf --- GA20OX2 --- GA signaling

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This book provides new and in-depth insights into molecular aspects of plant cell signaling in response to biotic, such as aphid- and grey mold disease-resistance, and abiotic stresses, such as soil salinity and drought stress, and additionally, functional analysis on signaling components involved in flowering, juvenility, GA signaling, and biosynthesis, and miRNA-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, plant acclimation was reported, with emphasis on mechanistic insights into the roles of brassinosteroids, cyclic AMP, and hydrogen sulfide, and the recent advances of transmembrane receptor-like kinases were refined. Clearly, plant cell signaling is an intensive topic and whether it is now or in the future, the emerging technology in functional analysis such as genome editing technologies, high-throughput technologies, integrative multiple-omics as well as bioinformatics can assist researchers to reveal novel aspects of the regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and development, and acclimation to environmental and biotic stresses. The achievement of such research will be useful in improving crop stress tolerances to increase agricultural productivity and sustainability for the food supply of the world.

salinity --- selenium (Se) --- crops --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- enzymatic anti-oxidative system --- drought --- GA --- DELLA --- ABF2 --- protein–protein interaction --- Arabidopsis --- endocytosis --- microRNAs --- miPEPs --- peptides --- development --- kinase --- receptor --- stress --- tobacco --- calcium --- calcite --- reactive oxygen species --- ion channels --- cellular signalization --- brassinosteroids --- receptor-like kinases --- GSK3-like kinases --- somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases --- protein phosphatases --- Malus domestica --- Rosaceae --- juvenility --- FLOWERING LOCUS C --- flowering --- Hydrogen sulfide --- S-sulfhydration --- plant hormone --- gasotransmitter --- disease resistance --- plant defense --- herbivore --- phytohormone --- plant biotic stress --- plant signalling --- Medicago truncatula --- abiotic stress --- cAMP --- cyclic nucleotides-gated channels --- plant innate immunity --- Botrytis cinerea --- tomato --- iprodione --- mutant --- transcriptome analysis --- metabolism --- catalytic activity --- dwarfism --- gene cloning --- MNP1 --- CPS --- ABA signaling --- brassinosteroid signaling cascade --- drought tolerance --- priming --- stress adaptation --- stress memory --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- DELLA/TVHYNP --- Dwarf --- GA20OX2 --- GA signaling --- n/a --- protein-protein interaction

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Plant viruses cause many of the most important diseases threatening crops worldwide. Over the last quarter of a century, an increasing number of plant viruses have emerged in various parts of the world, especially in the tropics and subtropics. As is generally observed for plant viruses, most of the emerging viruses are transmitted horizontally by biological vectors, mainly insects. Reverse genetics using infectious clones—available for many plant viruses—has been used for identification of viral determinants involved in virus–host and virus–vector interactions. Although many studies have identified a number of factors involved in disease development and transmission, the precise mechanisms are unknown for most of the virus–plant–vector combinations. In most cases, the diverse outcomes resulting from virus–virus interactions are poorly understood. Although significant advances have been made towards understand the mechanisms involved in plant resistance to viruses, we are far from being able to apply this knowledge to protect cultivated plants from the all viral threats.The aim of this Special Issue was to provide a platform for researchers interested in plant virology to share their recent results. To achieve this, we invited the plant virology community to submit research articles, short communications and reviews related to the various aspects of plant virology: ecology, virus–plant host interactions, virus–vector interactions, virus–virus interactions, and control strategies. This issue contains some of the best current research in plant virology.

whitefly --- begomovirus --- Vta1 --- virus transmission --- coat proteins --- membrane association --- topology --- cilevirus --- movement protein --- p29 capsid protein --- barley yellow dwarf virus --- BYDV --- wheat --- barley --- yield loss --- vectors --- aphids --- persistent virus --- Amalgaviridae --- synergism --- antagonism --- vsiRNAs --- miRNAs --- mixed-infections --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- Cucumber mosaic virus --- genome-wide association studies --- plant–virus interaction --- seed transmission --- virulence --- callose --- coat protein --- plasmodesmata --- triple gene block --- viral suppressor --- virus movement --- virus replication complex --- TYLCD --- TYLCV --- tomato --- Solanum lycopersicum --- disease resistance --- plant breeding --- PAMP-triggered immunity --- effector-triggered immunity --- RNA silencing --- viral suppressors --- NIK1 --- PTI --- ETI --- geminiviruses --- host jumping --- viral evolution --- trade-off --- plant virus --- RNA virus --- potyvirus --- Plum pox virus --- VPg --- eIF4E --- high-throughput sequencing --- bioinformatics --- detection --- discovery --- MinION --- nanopore sequencing --- rolling circle amplification --- viral metagenomics --- CRESS DNA --- capulavirus --- homopolymer --- Begomovirus --- cucumber --- mechanical inoculation --- real-time PCR --- viral load --- QTLs --- resistance --- Geminiviridae --- sweepoviruses --- DNA satellites --- Deltasatellite --- helper virus range --- transreplication --- high-throughput sequencing (HTS) --- virus --- dsRNA --- total RNA --- OLV1 --- LRNV --- ToFBV --- ASGV --- host adaptation --- virus evolution --- n/a --- plant-virus interaction

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To meet the global food demand of an increasing population, food production has to be increased by 60% by 2050. The main production constraints, such as climate change, biotic stresses, abiotic stresses, soil nutrition deficiency problems, problematic soils, etc., have to be addressed on an urgent basis. More than 50% of human calories are from three major cereals: rice, wheat, and maize. The harnessing of genetic diversity by novel allele mining assisted by recent advances in biotechnological and bioinformatics tools will enhance the utilization of the hidden treasures in the gene bank. Technological advances in plant breeding will provide some solutions for the biofortification, stress resistance, yield potential, and quality improvement in staple crops. The elucidation of the genetic, physiological, and molecular basis of useful traits and the improvement of the improved donors containing multiple traits are key activities for variety development. High-throughput genotyping systems assisted by bioinformatics and data science provide efficient and easy tools for geneticists and breeders. Recently, new breeding techniques applied in some food crops have become game-changers in the global food crop market. With this background, we invited 18 eminent researchers working on food crops from across the world to contribute their high-quality original research manuscripts. The research studies covered modern food crop genetics and breeding.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- dry direct-seeded rice --- early vigor --- QTL --- candidate gene --- phenotyping --- EMS --- MutMap --- mutagenesis --- CLE7 --- tropical maize --- fasciation --- mapping --- radish --- microspore culture --- regeneration rate --- outcrossing --- two-way pseudo-testcross model --- Oryza sativa L. --- PPDK --- flo4-5 --- floury endosperm --- rice --- allelopathy --- yield --- HYV --- Tongil --- indica --- japonica --- SNP --- molecular breeding --- wheat quality --- wheat milling --- wheat hardness --- puroindolines --- water absorption capacity --- crop genetics --- Solanum tuberosum --- abiotic stress --- phenylpropanoids --- essential amino acid --- transcriptome --- small RNA --- comparative genomics --- nutrition --- days to heading --- Hd1 --- Ghd7 --- Hd16 --- chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) --- quantitative trait locus (QTL) --- marker-assisted selection (MAS) --- cold tolerance (CT) --- gene editing --- genetically modified --- genetically modified organism (GMO) --- crop breeding --- ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) --- genetic screening --- landraces --- genetic diversity --- population structure --- West Africa --- maize improvement --- DArTseq markers --- co-expression network --- drought-tolerant-yield --- reproductive-stage drought --- qDTYs --- transcriptomics --- watermelon --- pentatricopeptide-repeat (PPR) gene family --- comprehensive analysis --- expression profiling --- flesh color --- canola --- Brassica napus --- genetics --- gene technology --- genomics --- disease resistance --- CSSLs --- drought stress --- ‘KDML105’ rice --- low-temperature germinability --- interspecific cross --- interaction --- peanut --- core collection --- genome-wide association study --- linkage disequilibrium --- dry direct-seeded rice --- early vigor --- QTL --- candidate gene --- phenotyping --- EMS --- MutMap --- mutagenesis --- CLE7 --- tropical maize --- fasciation --- mapping --- radish --- microspore culture --- regeneration rate --- outcrossing --- two-way pseudo-testcross model --- Oryza sativa L. --- PPDK --- flo4-5 --- floury endosperm --- rice --- allelopathy --- yield --- HYV --- Tongil --- indica --- japonica --- SNP --- molecular breeding --- wheat quality --- wheat milling --- wheat hardness --- puroindolines --- water absorption capacity --- crop genetics --- Solanum tuberosum --- abiotic stress --- phenylpropanoids --- essential amino acid --- transcriptome --- small RNA --- comparative genomics --- nutrition --- days to heading --- Hd1 --- Ghd7 --- Hd16 --- chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) --- quantitative trait locus (QTL) --- marker-assisted selection (MAS) --- cold tolerance (CT) --- gene editing --- genetically modified --- genetically modified organism (GMO) --- crop breeding --- ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) --- genetic screening --- landraces --- genetic diversity --- population structure --- West Africa --- maize improvement --- DArTseq markers --- co-expression network --- drought-tolerant-yield --- reproductive-stage drought --- qDTYs --- transcriptomics --- watermelon --- pentatricopeptide-repeat (PPR) gene family --- comprehensive analysis --- expression profiling --- flesh color --- canola --- Brassica napus --- genetics --- gene technology --- genomics --- disease resistance --- CSSLs --- drought stress --- ‘KDML105’ rice --- low-temperature germinability --- interspecific cross --- interaction --- peanut --- core collection --- genome-wide association study --- linkage disequilibrium