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Philosophe autant que dramaturge emblématique des Lumières, Lessing donne avec cet essai un pendant magistral à sa dernière pièce. Peu avant la mort de l'auteur, L'Education du genre humain est ainsi l'épilogue à la querelle théologique sciemment déclenchée trois ans plus tôt comme occasion publique d'une réflexion sur les valeurs conjointes de la Révélation et de la raison en matière de religion.Les vérités révélées par une instance divine peuvent-elles avoir pour but d'éduquer, d'âge en âge, la raison humaine, de façon que celle-ci finisse par atteindre sa pleine autonomie ? Ce texte essentiel mérite le nom de chef-d'oeuvre philosophique parce qu'il force à mettre en oeuvre, par la finesse et le brio de sa composition, ce que les Lumières veulent toujours promouvoir avant tout : la nécessité de penser par soi-même, loin des oppositions binaires.

Philosophy --- German literature --- Church controversies. --- Religious education. --- Education

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Many historians have attempted to understand the violent religious conflicts of the seventeenth century from viewpoints dominated by concepts of class, gender, and demography. But few studies have explored the cultural process whereby religious symbolism created social cohesion and political allegiance. This book examines religious conflict in the parish communities of early modern England using an interdisciplinary approach that includes all these perspectives. Daniel Beaver studies the urban parish of Tewkesbury and six rural parishes in its hinterland over a period of one hundred years, drawing on local ecclesiastical court records, sermons, parish records, corporate minutes and charity books, and probate documents. He discusses the centrality of religious symbols and ceremonies in the ordering of local societies, particularly in local conceptions of place, personal identity, and the life cycle. Four phases in the transformation of parish communities emerge and are examined in this book. This exploration of the interrelationship of religion, politics, and society, and the transformation of local communities in civil war, has a value beyond the particular history of early modern England, contributing to a broader understanding of religious revivals, fundamentalisms, and the persistent link between religion, nationalism, and ethnic identity in the modern world.Table of Contents: Introduction: Church History as a Cultural System Part I: Social Form, 1590-1690 Reverend Histories: Geography and Landscape Parts, Persons, and Participants in the Commonwealth: Social Relations, Institutions, and Authority Under the Hand of God: Parish Communities and Rites of Mortality Part II: Social Process, 1590-1690 Circumcisions of the Heart: Church Courts, Social Relations, and Religious Conflict, 1591-1620 A Circle of Order: The Politics of Religious Symbolism, 1631-1640 To Unchurch a Church: Civil War and Revolution, 1642-1660 Astraea Redux: Religious Conflict, Restoration, and the Parish, 1660-1689 Bloody Stratagems and Busy Heads: Persecution, Avoidance, and the Structure of Religion, 1666-1689 Conclusion. Symbol and Boundary: Relgious Belief, Ceremony, and Social Order Appendix 1. Tables Appendix 2. Accusations of Witchcraft in Tewkesbury Notes Manuscript Sources IndexReviews of this book: "In an intriguing argument, Beaver suggests that the reception of the Reformation into the Vale of Gloucester, where it lacked broad support, enabled dissenting religious groups to reject the territorial parish, in favour of the 'imagined communities' of the like-minded.His work is an important one. It translates the conflict of the seventeenth century into a local study that has a wider theoretical application.Beaver has written a perceptive and incisive study of religious and communal conflict in Stuart England, and one that is central to our understanding of seventeenth century society." --William Gibson, Albion [UK] "A significant historical study.This is not simply a work of local history, as it throws considerable light on wider aspects of the great conflict that convulsed Stuart England.The discussions are confident, sensible, and well grounded in the evidence.No other book that I know of covers the experience of a region (as distinct from a town) throughout the entire troubled history of seventeenth-century England in anything like this depth.It is original in the systematic way it applies anthropological concepts to English political and religious conflicts." --David E. Underdown, Yale University "He turns a local study into something that has theoretical force, as well as taking issue with other historians of Tudor-Stuart England on matters like the impact of the Civil War, 'revolution,' 'Restoration,' Laudianism and the like." --David D. Hall, Harvard Divinity School "Parish Communities and Religious Conflict in the Vale of Gloucester examines the belief and activities of ordinary men and women in the Vale of Gloucestershire during the last years of Elizabeth's reign and throughout most of the seventeenth century. It goes beyond most regional studies, however, in emphasizing the effect of religious change and conflict on local communities. Class and gender as well as religious convictions are seen as important factors determining social cohesion and political allegiance.this is a valuable study that should interest historians as well as students of religion in England." --History Reviews of this book: Daniel Beaver has written a volume grounded in extensive manuscript sources and combining the methodologies of social and cultural history with the theories of cultural anthropology. His geographical focus is the single-parish town of Tewkesbury and its environs (an area of approximately twelve square miles) in the county of Gloucester. Chronologically and thematically, however, his range is much broader, encompassing a wide range of topics relating to parish communities and religious conflict in the tumultuous seventeenth century.Beaver's reliance on rich local manuscript sources, complemented by his anthropological approach, provides useful insights into the particular local manifestations of dramatic shifts in the policies of the nation state during that time of unprecedented religious and political change.--Caroline Litzenberger, Journal of Ecclesiastical History

Church controversies. --- Church conflicts --- Church disputes --- Church fights --- Conflicts, Church --- Controversies, Church --- Fights, Church --- Church management --- Religious disputations --- Tewkesbury Region (England) --- Church history --- Church controversies --- Tewkesbury Region (England) - Church history - 16th century --- Tewkesbury Region (England) - Church history - 17th century

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L'auteur déconstruit les arguments et souligne les erreurs de Conrad De Meester, qui trahit le secret professionnel en publiant publiquement ses accusations envers la mystique française dans son ouvrage La fraude mystique de Marthe Robin : Dieu saura écrire droit sur des lignes courbes

Church controversies --- Impostors and imposture --- Stigmatics --- Women mystics --- Stigmatists --- Persons --- Church conflicts --- Church disputes --- Church fights --- Conflicts, Church --- Controversies, Church --- Fights, Church --- Church management --- Religious disputations --- Religious aspects&delete& --- Catholic Church --- De Meester, Conrad. --- Robin, Marthe, --- Robin, Marta, --- Mystics --- Charlatans --- Imposters --- Pretenders --- Crime --- Criminals --- 248 ROBIN, MARTHE --- 248 ROBIN, MARTHE Spiritualite. Ascese. Mystique. Theologie ascetique et mystique. Devotion--ROBIN, MARTHE --- 248 ROBIN, MARTHE Spiritualiteit. Ascese. Mystiek. Vroomheid--ROBIN, MARTHE --- Spiritualite. Ascese. Mystique. Theologie ascetique et mystique. Devotion--ROBIN, MARTHE --- Spiritualiteit. Ascese. Mystiek. Vroomheid--ROBIN, MARTHE --- Robin, Marthe --- Robin, Marta --- Religious aspects

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Le but de cette étude est de répondre à la question de savoir comment s'est établie une conception, comment est née une représentation historique, comment enfin a été délimitée l'époque de la ' guerre de religion '. Le terme de ' guerre de religion ' apparaît déjà sporadiquement à la fin du XVIe siècle. Il se trouve plus fréquemment dans les imprimés de l'époque de la guerre de Trente Ans. Cependant, une discussion élargie de ce phénomène ne s'établit qu'au seuil du XVIIIe siècle. Aussi bien la guerre de Neuf Ans que la guerre de Succession d'Espagne sont perçues comme des guerres de religion. La propagande de Louis XIV et des Alliés, ses ennemis, y a contribué largement en cherchant à rendre légitimes leurs politiques respectives. Ainsi la France et les guerres du Très Chrétien ont joué un rôle déterminant dans la discussion sur la guerre de religion ? qui paraît impensable sans la personne et sans la politique du roi. La guerre de religion ne devient qu'à cette époque-là un mot-clé politique. L'idée de guerre de religion ne gagne son statut historiographique que dans le débat politique du siècle de Louis XIV.

Religion and politics --- Church and state --- Historiographie --- Représentation --- Conflit --- 16e siècle --- Religion --- Histoire des civilisations --- History --- France --- Church controversies --- Huguenots --- Holy Roman Empire --- Great Britain --- Church history --- 27 <4> "16/17" --- 291.7 --- 291.7 Acties op religieuze beweeggronden: godsdienstoorlogen; missiewerking; zending; fanatisme; religieuze propaganda; fundamentalisme --- Acties op religieuze beweeggronden: godsdienstoorlogen; missiewerking; zending; fanatisme; religieuze propaganda; fundamentalisme --- 27 <4> "16/17" Kerkgeschiedenis--Europa--?"16/17" --- Kerkgeschiedenis--Europa--?"16/17" --- 27 <4> "16/17" Histoire de l'Eglise--Europa--?"16/17" --- Histoire de l'Eglise--Europa--?"16/17" --- History of France --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1700-1799 --- Controverses religieuses --- Religion et politique --- Protestants --- Religious minorities --- History. --- Religion and politics - Europe - History - 17th century. --- Church and state - Europe - History - 17th century. --- France - History - Louis XIV, 1643-1715.