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How the immigration courts became part of the nation's law enforcement agency-and how to reshape them. During the Trump administration, the immigration courts were decried as more politicized enforcement weapon than impartial tribunal. Yet few people are aware of a fundamental flaw in the system that has long pre-dated that administration: The immigration courts are not really "courts" at all but an office of the Department of Justice-the nation's law enforcement agency. This original and surprising diagnosis shows how paranoia sparked by World War II and the War on Terror drove the structure of the immigration courts. Focusing on previously unstudied decisions in the Roosevelt and Bush administrations, the narrative laid out in this book divulges both the human tragedy of our current immigration court system and the human crises that led to its creation. Moving the reader from understanding to action, Alison Peck offers a lens through which to evaluate contemporary bills and proposals to reform our immigration court system. Peck provides an accessible legal analysis of recent events to make the case for independent immigration courts, proposing that the courts be moved into an independent, Article I court system. As long as the immigration courts remain under the authority of the attorney general, the administration of immigration justice will remain a game of political football-with people's very lives on the line.

Emigration and immigration --- Emigration and immigration law --- Immigration courts --- Political aspects. --- History. --- America. --- Department of Justice. --- FBI. --- Great Depression. --- Nazi propaganda. --- Trump administration. --- WWII. --- asylum. --- attorney general. --- case proceedings. --- executive branch. --- fatal consequences. --- fear. --- fifth column. --- history. --- human tragedy. --- immigration courts. --- independent system. --- injustice. --- law enforcement agency. --- laws. --- legal analysis. --- neutral. --- political. --- power. --- spies. --- war on terror. --- war.

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Developing active, selective and energy-efficient heterogeneous catalysts is of paramount importance for the production of high value-added products from energy resources in a more sustainable manner. In this Special Issue of Energies, we provide a showcase of the latest progress in the development of cleaner, more efficient processes for the conversion of these feedstocks into valuable fuels, chemicals and energy. Most of the works collected are focused on the conversion of biomass which clearly reflects the paramount importance that the biorefinery concept will play in the years to come.

Technology: general issues --- biogas --- syngas production --- DRM --- Ni catalyst --- bi-metallic catalyst --- ceria-alumina --- ceria --- glycerol --- methanol --- biodiesel --- red jujube branch --- hydrothermal carbonization --- hydrochar --- energy recovery efficiency --- solid fuel --- toluene --- steam reforming --- GHSV --- S/C ratio --- coke formation --- Mo2C catalysts --- nanostructured carbon materials --- hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol --- carbothermal hydrogen reduction --- drop-in fuels --- biomass --- bio-oil --- pyrolysis --- spark engine --- gasoline --- levulinic acid --- γ-valerolactone --- hydrogen from water --- Zn: Ni --- sepiolite --- attapulgite --- Ru nanoparticles --- activated carbon --- one-pot hydrolytic hydrogenation --- cellulose conversion --- sorbitol --- biogas --- syngas production --- DRM --- Ni catalyst --- bi-metallic catalyst --- ceria-alumina --- ceria --- glycerol --- methanol --- biodiesel --- red jujube branch --- hydrothermal carbonization --- hydrochar --- energy recovery efficiency --- solid fuel --- toluene --- steam reforming --- GHSV --- S/C ratio --- coke formation --- Mo2C catalysts --- nanostructured carbon materials --- hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol --- carbothermal hydrogen reduction --- drop-in fuels --- biomass --- bio-oil --- pyrolysis --- spark engine --- gasoline --- levulinic acid --- γ-valerolactone --- hydrogen from water --- Zn: Ni --- sepiolite --- attapulgite --- Ru nanoparticles --- activated carbon --- one-pot hydrolytic hydrogenation --- cellulose conversion --- sorbitol

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Developing active, selective and energy-efficient heterogeneous catalysts is of paramount importance for the production of high value-added products from energy resources in a more sustainable manner. In this Special Issue of Energies, we provide a showcase of the latest progress in the development of cleaner, more efficient processes for the conversion of these feedstocks into valuable fuels, chemicals and energy. Most of the works collected are focused on the conversion of biomass which clearly reflects the paramount importance that the biorefinery concept will play in the years to come.

biogas --- syngas production --- DRM --- Ni catalyst --- bi-metallic catalyst --- ceria-alumina --- ceria --- glycerol --- methanol --- biodiesel --- red jujube branch --- hydrothermal carbonization --- hydrochar --- energy recovery efficiency --- solid fuel --- toluene --- steam reforming --- GHSV --- S/C ratio --- coke formation --- Mo2C catalysts --- nanostructured carbon materials --- hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol --- carbothermal hydrogen reduction --- drop-in fuels --- biomass --- bio-oil --- pyrolysis --- spark engine --- gasoline --- levulinic acid --- γ-valerolactone --- hydrogen from water --- Zn: Ni --- sepiolite --- attapulgite --- Ru nanoparticles --- activated carbon --- one-pot hydrolytic hydrogenation --- cellulose conversion --- sorbitol

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Cult Cinema --- Film and Television --- new religious movements (NRM) --- cults --- sects --- motion pictures --- movies --- films --- Media arts and entertainment --- religion and media --- brainwashing --- music --- Polyphonic Spree --- conversion --- Sound of my Voice (film) --- Unification Church (UC) --- moonies --- Ticket to Heaven (film) --- Charles Manson (1934-2017) --- Jonestown (Guyana) --- Jim Jones (1931-1978) --- Waco (Texas) --- David Koresh --- Branch Davidians --- paganism --- Pagan Village Conspiracy --- scientology --- NXIVM --- Jehovah's Witnesses --- Apostasy (film) --- Evangelicalism --- nunsploitation

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Ecophysiological mechanisms underlie plant responses to environmental conditions and the influence these responses have on ecological patterns and processes. In this Special Issue, with a particular interest in the interactions between climate change, environmental disturbance, and functional ecology, experimental observations are described at a range of spatial scales. A modeling framework is used in an effort to relate mechanistic responses to ecosystem functions and services, and link forest ecophysiology and environmental indicators. This Special Issue collects important advances in studying and monitoring plant–environment interactions, covering biogeographic gradients from Mediterranean woodlands to boreal forests and from Alpine mountains to tropical environments.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- Leaf δ13C --- Leaf δ15N --- Growth stage --- Environmental factors --- Relative importance --- nitrogen dioxide --- nitrogen metabolism --- photorespiration --- heat dissipation --- excess absorbed light energy --- electron transfer --- photochemical efficiency --- altitude --- non-structural carbohydrates --- nutrients --- ontogeny --- Pinus cembra L. --- Larix decidua Mill --- boreal forest --- leaf temperature --- photosynthesis --- water availability --- leaf thermal damage --- thermoregulation --- endangered --- Sonneratia × hainanensis --- reproductive system --- seed germination --- light --- temperature --- salinity --- Cinnamomum migao --- autotoxicity --- seedling growth --- soil substrate --- soil enzyme --- soil fungi --- TreeSonic --- MOEd --- forest productivity --- dendrochronology --- recruitment period --- Aspromonte National Park --- Sessile oak --- deciduous forest --- carbon sequestration --- wood density --- allometry --- functional traits --- climate niches --- Malus baccata --- MbERF11 --- cold stress --- salt stress --- transgenic plant --- dendrometer --- stem circumference changes --- climate response --- Mediterranean --- Pinus nigra --- Pinus pinaster --- ontogenetic phases --- adaptive strategies --- leaf functional traits --- light environment --- canopy tree species --- carbon isotopes --- climate change --- respiration --- discrimination --- mixed forest --- keeling plot --- branch lifespan --- shoot lifespan --- stem lifespan --- branch shedding --- shoot shedding --- stem shedding --- canopy --- crown development --- tree architecture --- light foraging --- phenotypic plasticity --- shade tolerance --- shade acclimation --- light acclimation --- light regime --- sunfleck --- leaf thickness --- leaf angle --- leaf three-dimensional structure --- Leaf δ13C --- Leaf δ15N --- Growth stage --- Environmental factors --- Relative importance --- nitrogen dioxide --- nitrogen metabolism --- photorespiration --- heat dissipation --- excess absorbed light energy --- electron transfer --- photochemical efficiency --- altitude --- non-structural carbohydrates --- nutrients --- ontogeny --- Pinus cembra L. --- Larix decidua Mill --- boreal forest --- leaf temperature --- photosynthesis --- water availability --- leaf thermal damage --- thermoregulation --- endangered --- Sonneratia × hainanensis --- reproductive system --- seed germination --- light --- temperature --- salinity --- Cinnamomum migao --- autotoxicity --- seedling growth --- soil substrate --- soil enzyme --- soil fungi --- TreeSonic --- MOEd --- forest productivity --- dendrochronology --- recruitment period --- Aspromonte National Park --- Sessile oak --- deciduous forest --- carbon sequestration --- wood density --- allometry --- functional traits --- climate niches --- Malus baccata --- MbERF11 --- cold stress --- salt stress --- transgenic plant --- dendrometer --- stem circumference changes --- climate response --- Mediterranean --- Pinus nigra --- Pinus pinaster --- ontogenetic phases --- adaptive strategies --- leaf functional traits --- light environment --- canopy tree species --- carbon isotopes --- climate change --- respiration --- discrimination --- mixed forest --- keeling plot --- branch lifespan --- shoot lifespan --- stem lifespan --- branch shedding --- shoot shedding --- stem shedding --- canopy --- crown development --- tree architecture --- light foraging --- phenotypic plasticity --- shade tolerance --- shade acclimation --- light acclimation --- light regime --- sunfleck --- leaf thickness --- leaf angle --- leaf three-dimensional structure