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Blockchain and cryptocurrencies have recently captured the interest of academics and those in industry. Cryptocurrencies are essentially digital currencies that use blockchain technology and cryptography to facilitate secure and anonymous transactions. The cryptocurrency market is currently worth over $500 billion. Many institutions and countries are starting to understand and implement the idea of cryptocurrencies in their business models. This Special Issue will provide a collection of papers from leading experts in the area of blockchain and cryptocurrencies. The topics covered in this Special Issue will include but are not limited to the following: academic research on blockchain and cryptocurrencies; industrial applications of blockchain and cryptocurrencies; applications of fintech in academia and industry; the economics of blockchain technology, and the financial analysis and risk management with cryptocurrencies.

Technology: general issues --- cryptocurrencies --- connectedness --- spill overs --- spectral analysis --- time-frequency-dynamic --- Bitcoin --- cryptocurrency --- spillover risks --- Copulas --- Student’s-t --- survey --- bitcoin --- efficient market hypothesis --- ARIMA --- artificial neural network --- static forecast --- contagion effect --- detrended cross-correlation analysis --- liquidity --- Ethereum --- market liquidity --- Hurst exponent --- high frequency --- fraud --- algorithms --- correlations --- impact --- risks --- regulation --- blockchain --- autoregression --- time-series analysis --- simulation --- predictive modes --- endogenous --- exogenous variables --- Blockchain --- Cryptocurrencies --- Digital Currencies --- Risk management --- Financial analysis

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Blockchain and cryptocurrencies have recently captured the interest of academics and those in industry. Cryptocurrencies are essentially digital currencies that use blockchain technology and cryptography to facilitate secure and anonymous transactions. The cryptocurrency market is currently worth over $500 billion. Many institutions and countries are starting to understand and implement the idea of cryptocurrencies in their business models. This Special Issue will provide a collection of papers from leading experts in the area of blockchain and cryptocurrencies. The topics covered in this Special Issue will include but are not limited to the following: academic research on blockchain and cryptocurrencies; industrial applications of blockchain and cryptocurrencies; applications of fintech in academia and industry; the economics of blockchain technology, and the financial analysis and risk management with cryptocurrencies.

cryptocurrencies --- connectedness --- spill overs --- spectral analysis --- time-frequency-dynamic --- Bitcoin --- cryptocurrency --- spillover risks --- Copulas --- Student’s-t --- survey --- bitcoin --- efficient market hypothesis --- ARIMA --- artificial neural network --- static forecast --- contagion effect --- detrended cross-correlation analysis --- liquidity --- Ethereum --- market liquidity --- Hurst exponent --- high frequency --- fraud --- algorithms --- correlations --- impact --- risks --- regulation --- blockchain --- autoregression --- time-series analysis --- simulation --- predictive modes --- endogenous --- exogenous variables --- Blockchain --- Cryptocurrencies --- Digital Currencies --- Risk management --- Financial analysis

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Nowadays, forecast applications are receiving unprecedent attention thanks to their capability to improve the decision-making processes by providing useful indications. A large number of forecast approaches related to different forecast horizons and to the specific problem that have to be predicted have been proposed in recent scientific literature, from physical models to data-driven statistic and machine learning approaches. In this Special Issue, the most recent and high-quality researches about forecast are collected. A total of nine papers have been selected to represent a wide range of applications, from weather and environmental predictions to economic and management forecasts. Finally, some applications related to the forecasting of the different phases of COVID in Spain and the photovoltaic power production have been presented.

Research & information: general --- Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) --- IFS/ECMWF --- forecast --- evaluation --- DNI attenuation Index (DAI) --- bias correction --- nowcast --- meteorological radar data --- optical flow --- deep learning --- Bates-Granger weights --- uniform weights --- (REG) ARIMA --- ETS --- Hodrick-Prescott trend --- Google Trends indices --- Himalayan region --- streamflow forecast verification --- persistence --- snow-fed rivers --- intermittent rivers --- costumer relation management --- business to business sales prediction --- machine learning --- predictive modeling --- microsoft azure machine-learning service --- travel time forecasting --- time series --- bus service --- transit systems --- sustainable urban mobility plan --- bus travel time --- learning curve --- forecasting --- production cost --- cost estimating --- semi-empirical model --- logistic map --- COVID-19 --- SARS-CoV-2 --- PV output power estimation --- PV-load decoupling --- behind-the-meter PV --- baseline prediction --- Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) --- IFS/ECMWF --- forecast --- evaluation --- DNI attenuation Index (DAI) --- bias correction --- nowcast --- meteorological radar data --- optical flow --- deep learning --- Bates-Granger weights --- uniform weights --- (REG) ARIMA --- ETS --- Hodrick-Prescott trend --- Google Trends indices --- Himalayan region --- streamflow forecast verification --- persistence --- snow-fed rivers --- intermittent rivers --- costumer relation management --- business to business sales prediction --- machine learning --- predictive modeling --- microsoft azure machine-learning service --- travel time forecasting --- time series --- bus service --- transit systems --- sustainable urban mobility plan --- bus travel time --- learning curve --- forecasting --- production cost --- cost estimating --- semi-empirical model --- logistic map --- COVID-19 --- SARS-CoV-2 --- PV output power estimation --- PV-load decoupling --- behind-the-meter PV --- baseline prediction

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Remotely sensed geophysical datasets are being produced at increasingly fast rates to monitor various aspects of the Earth system in a rapidly changing world. The efficient and innovative use of these datasets to understand hydrological processes in various climatic and vegetation regimes under anthropogenic impacts has become an important challenge, but with a wide range of research opportunities. The ten contributions in this Special Issue have addressed the following four research topics: (1) Evapotranspiration estimation; (2) rainfall monitoring and prediction; (3) flood simulations and predictions; and (4) monitoring of ecohydrological processes using remote sensing techniques. Moreover, the authors have provided broader discussions on how to capitalize on state-of-the-art remote sensing techniques to improve hydrological model simulations and predictions, to enhance their skills in reproducing processes for the fast-changing world.

Research & information: general --- rainfall monitoring --- remote sensing --- rain rate estimation --- 5G --- millimeter-wave --- E-band --- LOS-MIMO --- UAV remote sensing --- Ephemeral rivers --- flood peak discharge --- incipient motion --- arid ungauged regions --- flash flood --- Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement --- Rainfall Triggering Index --- Yunnan --- ecological water transfer --- wetland vegetation ecosystem --- surface and groundwater interaction --- northwestern China --- WRF-3DVar data assimilation --- coupled atmospheric-hydrologic system --- rainfall-runoff prediction --- lumped Hebei model --- grid-based Hebei model --- WRF-Hydro modeling system --- evapotranspiration --- model --- SWAT --- calibration --- regression --- Sierra Nevada --- flux tower --- water limitation --- vapor pressure deficit --- double-mass analysis --- coefficient of variability --- seasonal ARIMA --- MK-S trend analysis --- evaporation --- LAI --- NDVI --- urban ecosystem --- sponge city --- PML-V2 --- Penman–Monteith equation --- Sentinel-2 --- assimilation frequency --- data assimilation --- WRF-3DAVR --- radar reflectivity --- rainfall forecast --- urban flood --- design rainfall --- ungauged drainage basin --- RainyDay --- IDF formula --- hydrological prediction --- climate change --- land use change

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Remotely sensed geophysical datasets are being produced at increasingly fast rates to monitor various aspects of the Earth system in a rapidly changing world. The efficient and innovative use of these datasets to understand hydrological processes in various climatic and vegetation regimes under anthropogenic impacts has become an important challenge, but with a wide range of research opportunities. The ten contributions in this Special Issue have addressed the following four research topics: (1) Evapotranspiration estimation; (2) rainfall monitoring and prediction; (3) flood simulations and predictions; and (4) monitoring of ecohydrological processes using remote sensing techniques. Moreover, the authors have provided broader discussions on how to capitalize on state-of-the-art remote sensing techniques to improve hydrological model simulations and predictions, to enhance their skills in reproducing processes for the fast-changing world.

rainfall monitoring --- remote sensing --- rain rate estimation --- 5G --- millimeter-wave --- E-band --- LOS-MIMO --- UAV remote sensing --- Ephemeral rivers --- flood peak discharge --- incipient motion --- arid ungauged regions --- flash flood --- Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement --- Rainfall Triggering Index --- Yunnan --- ecological water transfer --- wetland vegetation ecosystem --- surface and groundwater interaction --- northwestern China --- WRF-3DVar data assimilation --- coupled atmospheric-hydrologic system --- rainfall-runoff prediction --- lumped Hebei model --- grid-based Hebei model --- WRF-Hydro modeling system --- evapotranspiration --- model --- SWAT --- calibration --- regression --- Sierra Nevada --- flux tower --- water limitation --- vapor pressure deficit --- double-mass analysis --- coefficient of variability --- seasonal ARIMA --- MK-S trend analysis --- evaporation --- LAI --- NDVI --- urban ecosystem --- sponge city --- PML-V2 --- Penman–Monteith equation --- Sentinel-2 --- assimilation frequency --- data assimilation --- WRF-3DAVR --- radar reflectivity --- rainfall forecast --- urban flood --- design rainfall --- ungauged drainage basin --- RainyDay --- IDF formula --- hydrological prediction --- climate change --- land use change